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The prevalence of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults, an exploration of differences between studies and within definitions: a systematic review and meta-analyses
Open accessAbstract
Background: sarcopenia in ageing is a progressive decrease in muscle mass, strength and/or physical function. This review aims to summarise the definitions of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults and explore similarities and differences in prevalence estimates by definition. Methods: a systematic review was conducted to identify articles which estimated sarcopenia prevalence in older populations using search terms for sarcopenia and muscle mass. Overall prevalence for each sarcopenia definition was estimated stratified by sex and ethnicity. Secondary analyses explored differences between studies and within definitions, including participant age, muscle mass measurement techniques and thresholds for muscle mass and gait speed. Results: in 109 included articles, eight definitions of sarcopenia were identified. The lowest pooled prevalence estimates came from the European Working Group on Sarcopenia/Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (12.9%, 95% confidence interval: 9.9-15.9%), International Working Group on Sarcopenia (9.9%, 3.2-16.6%) and Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (18.6%, 11.8-25.5%) definitions. The highest prevalence estimates were for the appendicular lean mass (ALM)/weight (40.4%, 19.5-61.2%), ALM/height (30.4%, 20.4-40.3%), ALM regressed on height and weight (30.4%, 20.4-40.3%) and ALM / body mass index (24.2%, 18.3-30.1%) definitions. Within definitions, the age of study participants and the muscle mass cut points used were substantive sources of between-study differences. Conclusion: estimates of sarcopenia prevalence vary from 9.9 to 40.4%, depending on the definition used. Significant differences in prevalence exist within definitions across populations. This lack of agreement between definitions needs to be better understood before sarcopenia can be appropriately used in a clinical context.
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“this is the first study that reports the prevalence of severe sarcopenia.”
From Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Some previous systematic reviews and meta‐analyses estimated the prevalence of sarcopenia; nevertheless, this prevalence was estimated in healthy older adults only, 14 or community‐dwelling older people, 15 , 16 or only using two diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. 17”
From Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“Mayhew et al. reported the prevalence of sarcopenia only in community‐dwelling older adults. 16 Reviewing 109 studies, they identified that the prevalence of sarcopenia in this population ranged from 9.9% to 40.4% depending on the diagnostic criterion used.”
From Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
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“Few systematic reviews and meta‐analyses have been attempted to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia across the globe. 14 , 15 , 16”
From Global prevalence of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
In the citing paper
“However, because of variations in population characteristics and criteria, there is no universally recognized standard for CT-based sarcopenia diagnosis.58”
From Imaging of Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2024) · cites this paper as [58]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Mayhew, A. J., Amog, K., Phillips, S., Parise, G., McNicholas, P. D., de Souza, R. J., Thabane, L., & Raina, P.
- Affiliations
- McMaster University (CA)
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- St. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Mayhew, A J
- Venue
- Age and Ageing
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-07-03
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 48-56
- ISSN
- 0002-0729 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2834
- OpenAlex
- W2884687693
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 72 · 2021: 69 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Age and Ageing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- sarcopenia, prevalence, community-dwelling older adults, sarcopenia definitions, appendicular lean mass, walking speed, sex differences, ethnic differences
- MeSH terms
- Age Factors, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Sex Factors, Prevalence, Muscle Strength, Sarcopenia, Independent Living
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