Effect of Resistance Exercise on Body Composition and Functional Capacity in Older Women with Sarcopenic Obesity—A Systematic Review with Narrative Synthesis
Open accessAbstract
Background: Resistance exercise has shown effectiveness in reducing various risk factors related to sarcopenic obesity (SO) compared to other types of exercise, e.g., aerobic exercise. Objective: This systematic review evaluates the effect of resistance exercise on body composition, muscular strength, and functional capacity among older women with sarcopenic obesity aged ≥ 60 years. Methods: This systematic review is registered on PROSPERO (registration No. CRD42023394603) and follows the PRISMA guidelines. The following electronic databases were used to search the literature: Pedro, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science. We included only RCTs that investigated the effect of resistance exercise on body composition and functional capacity. Two independent reviewers conducted the process of study selection and data extraction. Results: The search strategy retrieved 687 results. One hundred and twenty-six records were deleted as duplicates. Consequently, 534 studies were excluded after the title/abstract assessment. After further detailed evaluation of twenty-seven full texts, seven RCTs were included; all the RCTs examined the isolated effect of resistance exercise in women with sarcopenic obesity. The included studies comprised 306 participants, with an average age of 64 to 72 years. We noticed a trend of improvement in the included studies among the intervention groups compared to the control groups among the different outcomes. The study protocol was inconsistent for the intervention settings, duration, and outcomes. Including a modest number of trials made it impossible to perform data meta-analysis. Conclusions: Heterogeneity among studies regarding training protocols and the outcome measures reported limited robust conclusions. Still, resistance exercise intervention can improve body composition and functional capacity among elderly women with sarcopenic obesity.
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Many prior investigations of exercise in older adults with sarcopenic obesity present methodological limitations, such as short intervention durations (usually 12 weeks) and designs with high risk of bias.
“However, many of these investigations present methodological limitations, such as short intervention durations (usually 12 weeks) and designs with high risk of bias, underscoring the need for more rigorous studies with prolonged interventions as mentioned in the meta-analyses.”
From Efficacy of Power Training on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized Clinical Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
Results §3.3 reports that six of seven included trials lasted 12 weeks, and the Discussion identifies methodological limitations. But Results §3.5 does not characterize many trial designs as high risk of bias: most assessed domains were low or unclear risk, with one study rated high risk in outcome measurement. The claim overstates that part of the review’s findings. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredResistance training and multicomponent training (MT) have been shown to be more valid strategies to improve physical function and body composition in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
“So far, RT and multicomponent training (MT) have been shown to be more valid strategies to improve physical function and body composition in older adults with SO, as evidenced by several meta-analyses [12,13,14].”
From Efficacy of Power Training on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized Clinical Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
The Introduction and Discussion support resistance training as a way to improve aspects of body composition and functional capacity in older women with sarcopenic obesity. But the review examined resistance exercise alone, not multicomponent training, and its Abstract says the studies could not be pooled in a meta-analysis. It therefore does not establish the full claim for both strategies across older adults generally. (LLM, conf=0.89)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredResistance training significantly improves physical function and body composition in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.
“These results are consistent with and expand upon the conclusions of our recent meta-analysis, which demonstrated that RT significantly improves physical function and body composition in older adults with SO [13,14].”
From Efficacy of Power Training on Sarcopenic Obesity in Community-Dwelling Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized Clinical Trial (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
The Conclusions report a pattern of improvement in body composition and functional capacity in the majority of included trials, supporting the direction of the claim. But this paper is a narrative systematic review of older women with sarcopenic obesity, not a meta-analysis of older adults generally; it says heterogeneity prevented a meta-analysis and does not establish a significant overall effect. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Debes, W., Sadaqa, M., Németh, Z., Aldardour, A., Prémusz, V., & Hock, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pecs (HU)
- Hamad Medical Corporation (QA)
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Prémusz, Viktória
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2024-01-13
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 441
- ISSN
- 2077-0383 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10817090
- OpenAlex
- W4390878561
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 2
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- ÚNKP-23-4-II-PTE-2061 (TKP-2021-EGA-10, TKP-2021-EGA)
- National Research Development and Innovation Found (TKP-2021-EGA-10, TKP-2021-EGA)
- National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund of Hungary (TKP-2021-EGA-10, TKP-2021-EGA)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- resistance training, sarcopenic obesity, older women, body composition, functional capacity, muscle strength, aging, exercise intervention
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