Testing for Complementarity: Glyphosate Tolerant Soybeans and Conservation Tillage
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Many decisions in agriculture are made over combinations of inputs and/or practices that may form a technology system linked through complementarity. The presence of complementarity among producer decisions can have far‐reaching implications for market outcomes and for the effectiveness of policies intended to influence them. Identifying complementarity relations, however, is made difficult by the presence of unobserved heterogeneity. Drawing on recent methodological advances, in this paper we develop a test for complementarity between glyphosate tolerant soybeans and conservation tillage that overcomes certain limitations of previous studies. Specifically, we develop a structural discrete choice framework of joint soybean‐tillage adoption that explicitly models both complementarity and the correlation induced by unobserved heterogeneity. The model is estimated with a large unbalanced panel of farm‐level choices spanning the 1998–2011 period. We find that glyphosate tolerant soybeans and conservation tillage are complementary practices. In addition, our estimation shows that farm operation scale promotes the adoption of both conservation tillage and glyphosate tolerant seed, and that all of higher fuel prices, more droughty conditions, and soil erodibility increase use of conservation tillage. We apply our results to simulate annual adoption rates for both conservation tillage and no‐tillage in a scenario without glyphosate tolerant soybeans available as a choice. We find that the adoption of conservation tillage and no‐tillage have been about 10% and 20% higher, respectively, due to the advent of glyphosate tolerant soybeans.
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Federico Ciliberto, A., Moschini, G., & Perry, E. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3088632
Self-citationSutherland, C. (2021) · HARVEST (University of Saskatchewan)
Information as a catalyst for industrialization
Hennessy, D. A. (2025) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2024.106874
Self-citationTymchenko, A. O. (2025) · Journal of management economics and technology · doi:10.69803/3083-6034-2025-1-117
Xiao, J., & Gong, S. (2026) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su18104747
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Zhang, Y., Rejesus, R. M., Cavigelli, M. A., White, K. E., Knight, L. G., Dell, C. J., Lane, E. D., Pierce, J. A. S., Wilke, B., Culman, S. W., et al. (2026) · Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics · doi:10.1017/aae.2026.10055
- Authors
- Perry, E. D., Moschini, G., & Hennessy, D. A.
- Affiliations
- Iowa State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Perry, Edward D.
- Venue
- American Journal of Agricultural Economics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-02-17
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 765-784
- ISSN
- 0002-9092 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8276
- OpenAlex
- W2291202437
- Cited by
- 61
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 24.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- ageconsearch.umn.edu
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Agricultural Economics (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Iowa State University Digital Repository (Iowa State University) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- National Institute of Food and Agriculture (11061138/2012-01764)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › General Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agricultural Innovations and Practices
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Agricultural economics and policies
- Keywords
- complementarity, glyphosate-resistant soybean, conservation tillage, no-tillage, technology adoption, unobserved heterogeneity, fuel prices, drought, soil erodibility, agricultural policy
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