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Cited by 358Bone health and osteoporosis researchVitamin D Research StudiesNutrition and Health Studies

Calcium, vitamin D, milk consumption, and hip fractures: A prospective study among postmenopausal women

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Feskanich, Diane, Willett, Walter C, Colditz, Graham A·2003·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
DOI 10.1093/ajcn/77.2.504
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Abstract

Background Short trials of calcium supplementation show that it reduces loss of bone density in postmenopausal women; longer observational studies do not generally find a lower risk of hip fracture with higher-calcium diets. Fewer studies have focused on vitamin D in preventing postmenopausal osteoporosis or fractures.Objective We assessed relations between postmenopausal hip fracture risk and calcium, vitamin D, and milk consumption.Design In an 18-y prospective analysis in 72 337 postmenopausal women, dietary intake and nutritional supplement use were assessed at baseline in 1980 and updated several times during follow-up. We identified 603 incident hip fractures resulting from low or moderate trauma. Relative risks (RRs) from proportional hazards models were controlled for other dietary and nondietary factors.Results Women consuming > or = 12.5 microg vitamin D/d from food plus supplements had a 37% lower risk of hip fracture (RR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.94) than did women consuming < 3.5 microg/d. Total calcium intake was not associated with hip fracture risk (RR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.34 for > or = 1200 compared with < 600 mg/d). Milk consumption was also not associated with a lower risk of hip fracture (P for trend = 0.21).Conclusions An adequate vitamin D intake is associated with a lower risk of osteoporotic hip fractures in postmenopausal women. Neither milk nor a high-calcium diet appears to reduce risk. Because women commonly consume less than the recommended intake of vitamin D, supplement use or dark fish consumption may be prudent.

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  • Lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol intake, little or no exercise, and inadequate calcium intake all influence calcium-vitamin D metabolism and bone mineral density, in some cases leading to osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women.

    “Lifestyle habits, such as smoking, alcohol intake, little or no exercise, and an inadequate amount of calcium intake all influence the calcium-vitamin D metabolism [152,153,154,155] and bone mineral density, in some cases leading to osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women [156].”

    From NO-Rich Diet for Lifestyle-Related Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [155]

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Authors
Feskanich, D., Willett, W. C., & Colditz, G. A.
Affiliations
Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
Corresponding author
Feskanich, Diane
ORCID
Venue
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-02
Volume
77
Issue
2
Pages
504-511
ISSN
0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/ajcn/77.2.504
OpenAlex
W2168825727
Cited by
358
References
60
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 17
FWCI
26.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Cancer Institute (CA-87969, P01CA087969)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Vitamin D Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
Keywords
hip fracture, postmenopausal women, vitamin D, calcium intake, milk consumption, osteoporosis, dietary supplementation, fracture risk, bone mineral density
MeSH terms
Animals, Calcium, Dietary, Diet, Female, Hip Fractures, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Milk, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Vitamin D, Cohort Studies, Bone Density, Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal, Proportional Hazards Models, Postmenopause, Dietary Supplements

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