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Coffee acutely modifies gastrointestinal hormone secretion and glucose tolerance in humans: glycemic effects of chlorogenic acid and caffeine
Open accessAbstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that certain dietary polyphenols have biological effects in the small intestine that alter the pattern of glucose uptake. Their effects, however, on glucose tolerance in humans are unknown.Objective The objective was to investigate whether chlorogenic acids in coffee modulate glucose uptake and gastrointestinal hormone and insulin secretion in humans.Design In a 3-way, randomized, crossover study, 9 healthy fasted volunteers consumed 25 g glucose in either 400 mL water (control) or 400 mL caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee (equivalent to 2.5 mmol chlorogenic acid/L). Blood samples were taken frequently over the following 3 h.Results Glucose and insulin concentrations tended to be higher in the first 30 min after caffeinated coffee consumption than after consumption of decaffeinated coffee or the control (P < 0.05 for total and incremental area under the curve for glucose and insulin). Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide secretion decreased throughout the experimental period (P < 0.005), and glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion increased 0-120 min postprandially (P < 0.01) after decaffeinated coffee consumption compared with the control. Glucose and insulin profiles were consistent with the known metabolic effects of caffeine. However, the gastrointestinal hormone profiles were consistent with delayed intestinal glucose absorption.Conclusions Differences in plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormone profiles further confirm the potent biological action of caffeine and suggest that chlorogenic acid might have an antagonistic effect on glucose transport. Therefore, a novel function of some dietary phenols in humans may be to attenuate intestinal glucose absorption rates and shift the site of glucose absorption to more distal parts of the intestine.
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“In terms of glucose metabolism, both the chlorogenic and quinide compounds found in coffee are suggested to decrease glucose absorption (16) and enhance nonskeletal muscle glucose disposal (17), respectively.”
From The Glucose Intolerance Induced by Caffeinated Coffee Ingestion Is Less Pronounced than That Due to Alkaloid Caffeine in Men (2006) · cites this paper as [16]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Johnston, K. L., Clifford, M. N., & Morgan, L. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Morgan, Linda M
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 78
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 728-733
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1960608858
- Cited by
- 590
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 37 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 9.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Research (University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- European Commission (QLK1-1999-00505)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Coffee research and impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- coffee, chlorogenic acid, caffeine, glucose tolerance, gastrointestinal hormone secretion, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, glucagon-like peptide-1, insulin secretion, intestinal glucose absorption, dietary polyphenols, glucose uptake
- MeSH terms
- Insulin Secretion, Adult, Blood Glucose, Caffeine, Chlorogenic Acid, Coffee, Diet, Female, Flavonoids, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Glucagon, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Male, Peptide Fragments, Phenols, Polymers, Protein Precursors, Cross-Over Studies, Postprandial Period, Area Under Curve, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Polyphenols
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