The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Changes in Body Weight and Body Fat Distribution as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in US Men
Open accessAbstract
Although previous studies have linked obesity to diabetes, the risks associated with weight gain or changes in body fat distribution have not been fully elucidated. The authors therefore prospectively examined the relations between changes in body weight and body fat distribution (1986-1996) and the subsequent risk of diabetes (1996-2000) among 22,171 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Weight gain was monotonically related to risk, and for every kilogram of weight gained, risk increased by 7.3%. A gain in abdominal fat was positively associated with risk, independent of the risk associated with weight change. Compared with men who had a stable waist, men who increased waist circumference by 14.6 cm or more had 1.7 (95% confidence interval: 1.0, 2.8) times the risk of diabetes after controlling for weight gain. In contrast, men who lost more than 4.1 cm in hip girth had 1.5 (95% confidence interval: 1.0, 2.3) times the risk of diabetes compared with men with stable hip circumference. Fifty-six percent of the cases of diabetes in this cohort could be attributed to weight gain greater than 7 kg, and 20 percent of the cases could be attributed to a waist gain exceeding 2.5 cm. Our findings underscore the critical importance of maintaining weight and waist to reduce the risk of diabetes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin
(2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa012512 · Cited by 19,011
Tuomilehto, J., Lindström, J., Eriksson, J. G., Valle, T. T., Hämäläinen, H., Ilanne-Parikka, P., Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, S., Laakso, M., Louheranta, A., Rastas, M., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200105033441801 · Cited by 10,873
Rimm, E. B., Giovannucci, E. L., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Litin, L. B., & Willett, W. C. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116211 · Cited by 2,104
Self-citationWeight gain as a risk factor for clinical diabetes mellitus in women
Colditz, G. A., Willett, W. C., Rotnitzky, A., & Manson, J. E. (1995) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00001 · Cited by 2,064
Self-citationObesity, Fat Distribution, and Weight Gain as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in Men
Chan, J. M., Rimm, E. B., Colditz, G. A., Stampfer, M. J., & Willett, W. C. (1994) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.17.9.961 · Cited by 1,808
Self-citationDiabetes trends in the U.S.: 1990-1998.
Mokdad, A. H., Ford, E. S., Bowman, B. A., Nelson, D. E., Engelgau, M. M., Vinicor, F., & Marks, J. S. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.9.1278 · Cited by 1,042 · cited 1×
“Am J Epidemiol 2004;159:1150–1159 Because of the long delay between the onset of obesity and subsequent development of diabetes, the impact of the epidemic increase in obesity may not be realized for several years (45).”
BackgroundWeight, Weight Change, and Coronary Heart Disease in Women: Risk Within the 'Normal' Weight Range
Willett, W. C. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520300035033 · Cited by 924
Self-citationCarey, V. J., Walters, E. E., Colditz, G. A., Solomon, C. G., Willet, W. C., Rosner, B. A., Speizer, F. E., & Manson, J. E. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009158 · Cited by 827 · cited 1×
“Previously, baseline measures of waist girth and waist/hip ratio have been reported as moderate risk factors for type 2 diabetes (2, 6, 8, 36).”
BackgroundChasan-Taber, S., Rimm, E. B., Stampfer, M. J., Spiegelman, D., Colditz, G. A., Giovannucci, E., Ascherio, A., & Willett, W. C. (1996) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-199601000-00014 · Cited by 508
Self-citationCassano, P. A., Rosner, B., Vokonas, P. S., & Weiss, S. T. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116468 · Cited by 196
Cited by
Guh, D. P., Zhang, W., Bansback, N., Amarsi, Z., Birmingham, C. L., & Anis, A. H. (2009) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-9-88 · Cited by 3,855
Effect of weight loss with lifestyle intervention on risk of diabetes
Hamman, R. F., Wing, R. R., Edelstein, S. L., Lachin, J. M., Bray, G. A., Delahanty, L., Hoskin, M., Kriska, A. M., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Pi-Sunyer, X., et al. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-0560 · Cited by 1,344
Excessive Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Park, S. W., Goodpaster, B. H., Lee, J. S., Kuller, L. H., Boudreau, R., de Rekeneire, N., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S., Tylavsky, F. A., Nevitt, M., et al. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc09-0264 · Cited by 778
Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis: Implications for Insulin-Sensitizing Agents
Di Pino, A., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2019) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2018-00141 · Cited by 535
Wu, T., Gao, X., Chen, M., & Van Dam, R. M. (2009) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2008.00547.x · Cited by 515
Metadata
- Authors
- Koh-Banerjee, P., Wang, Y., Hu, F. B., Spiegelman, D., Willett, W. C., & Rimm, E. B.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-06-10
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1150-1159
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W3145786645
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 12.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Changes in Body Weight and Body Fat Distribution as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in US Men. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/aje/kwh167
- The paper
- Koh-Banerjee, P., Wang, Y., Hu, F. B., Spiegelman, D., Willett, W. C., & Rimm, E. B. (2004). Changes in Body Weight and Body Fat Distribution as Risk Factors for Clinical Diabetes in US Men. American Journal of Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwh167
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
