Body fat distribution and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women. The Nurses’ Health Study
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Anthropometric measures of overall and central obesity as predictors of NIDDM risk have not been as well studied, especially in women. Among 43,581 women enrolled in the Nurses' Health Study who in 1986 provided waist, hip, and weight information and who were initially free from diabetes and other major chronic diseases, NIDDM incidence was followed from 1986 to 1994. After adjustment for age, family history of diabetes, smoking, exercise, and several dietary factors, the relative risk of NIDDM for the 90th percentile of body mass index (BMI) (weight (kg)/height (m)2) (BMI = 29.9) versus the 10th percentile (BMI = 20.1) was 11.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.9-15.9). Controlling for BMI and other potentially confounding factors, the relative risk for the 90th percentile of waist: hip ratio (WHR) (WHR = 0.86) versus the 10th percentile (WHR = 0.70) was 3.1 (95% CI 2.3-4.1), and the relative risk for the 90th percentile of waist circumference (36.2 inches or 92 cm) versus the 10th percentile (26.2 inches or 67 cm) was 5.1 (95% CI 2.9-8.9). BMI, WHR, and waist circumference are powerful independent predictors of NIDDM in US women. Measurement of BMI and waist circumference (with or without hip circumference) are potentially useful tools for clinicians in counseling patients regarding NIDDM risk and risk reduction.
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Intra-abdominal adipose tissue is a depot associated with metabolic dysfunction that is enlarged in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
“a depot associated with metabolic dysfunction that is enlarged in individuals with T2D (34,35).”
From A Lower-Carbohydrate, Higher-Fat Diet Reduces Abdominal and Intermuscular Fat and Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (2015) · cites this paper as [34]
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How strong is the association between abdominal obesity and the incidence of type 2 diabetes?
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Abdominal and Gynoid Fat Mass Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Men and Women
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C-Reactive Protein Is Independently Associated With Fasting Insulin in Nondiabetic Women
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Overweight and Obesity in Women: Health Risks and Consequences
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Obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea and metabolic syndrome
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Reversal of diet-induced obesity and diabetes in C57BL/6J mice
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Physical Activity, Obesity, and Diabetes in Pregnancy
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“In addition, the University of Pennsylvania Alumni Study (9) and the Physician's Health Study (10) observed that the strongest protective effect of exercise in preventing NIDDM occurred among individuals with the highest BMI categories.”
BackgroundAbdominal Obesity Is an Independent Risk Factor for Chronic Heart Failure in Older People
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Prospective study of abdominal adiposity and gallstone disease in US men
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- Authors
- Carey, V. J., Walters, E. E., Colditz, G. A., Solomon, C. G., Willet, W. C., Rosner, B. A., Speizer, F. E., & Manson, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carey, V. J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1997-04-01
- Volume
- 145
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 614-619
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- OpenAlex
- W2154904247
- Cited by
- 827
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 55 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 9.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (CA-40356)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK 46798)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, body fat distribution, abdominal obesity, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, obesity, women, diabetes risk factors, Nurses' Health Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Constitution, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Middle Aged, Obesity, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Time Factors, United States, Body Mass Index, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis, Age Distribution
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