Assessment of differential item functioning in the experiences of discrimination index: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Open accessAbstract
The psychometric properties of instruments used to measure self-reported experiences of discrimination in epidemiologic studies are rarely assessed, especially regarding construct validity. The authors used 2000-2001 data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study to examine differential item functioning (DIF) in 2 versions of the Experiences of Discrimination (EOD) Index, an index measuring self-reported experiences of racial/ethnic and gender discrimination. DIF may confound interpretation of subgroup differences. Large DIF was observed for 2 of 7 racial/ethnic discrimination items: White participants reported more racial/ethnic discrimination for the "at school" item, and black participants reported more racial/ethnic discrimination for the "getting housing" item. The large DIF by race/ethnicity in the index for racial/ethnic discrimination probably reflects item impact and is the result of valid group differences between blacks and whites regarding their respective experiences of discrimination. The authors also observed large DIF by race/ethnicity for 3 of 7 gender discrimination items. This is more likely to have been due to item bias. Users of the EOD Index must consider the advantages and disadvantages of DIF adjustment (omitting items, constructing separate measures, and retaining items). The EOD Index has substantial usefulness as an instrument that can assess self-reported experiences of discrimination.
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- Authors
- Cunningham, T. J., Berkman, L. F., Gortmaker, S. L., Kiefe, C. I., Jacobs, D. R., Seeman, T. E., & Kawachi, I.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cunningham, T. J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2011-10-29
- Volume
- 174
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1266-1274
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- PMC
- PMC3254158
- OpenAlex
- W2156243889
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc95095-66-0-1, n01hc48050-59-0-1, n01hc48048-58-0-1, n01hc045134-008, n01hc48047-55-0-1, n01hc45205-9-0-0, n01hc005187-000, n01hc48049-61-0-1, n01hc45204-11-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01HC48050, N01-HC045134, N01 HC 95095, N01 HC045205, N01 HC048048, N01-HC05187, N01-HC-048049, N01 HC045204, N01-HC- 45204, N01 HC095095, N01 HC048050, N01-HC48048, N01-HC-45205, N01 HC005187, N01-HC-48-049, N01 HC048047, N01-HC-480-47)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR031982)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Keywords
- differential item functioning, racial and ethnic discrimination, gender discrimination, self-reported discrimination, construct validity, CARDIA study, young adults
- MeSH terms
- Black or African American, Female, Humans, Male, Prejudice, Prospective Studies, Psychometrics, Sex Factors, White People
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