CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 124Racial and Ethnic Identity ResearchBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesHealth disparities and outcomes

Racism and hypertension among African Americans

Open access
Peters, Rosalind M.·2004·Western Journal of Nursing Research
DOI 10.1177/0193945904265816
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of racism and blood pressure (BP). Participants were 162 urban African American adults. Measurements included the Racism and Life Experiences Scale, Krieger Racial Discrimination Questionnaire, State-Trait Personality Inventory (anxiety and depression), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, and automated measures of BP. Correlational and multiple regression analyses were done to examine relationships among key variables, t tests and ANOVA tested group differences by age, gender, and racism category. There was a high prevalence of perceived racism, which was not associated with higher BP. The racism/BP relationship was moderated by age with significant age related differences noted. Older participants (40 years or older) experienced more distress from racism, more anger suppression, and higher BP but lower levels of stress emotions. The highest levels of BP were noted in older adults reporting the lowest level of perceived racism, raising the issue of "internalized oppression."

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/0193945904265816

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The possibility that the relationship between racism and blood pressure may be curvilinear was not explored in the current meta-analysis due to limitations in the statistical analysis program used.

    “Although some research has suggested the relationship between racism and blood pressure may be curvilinear [121, 281, 304, 402–403], this possibility was not explored in the current meta-analysis due to limitations in the statistical analysis program we utilized.”

    From Racism as a Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2015) · cites this paper as [281]

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Peters, R. M.
Affiliations
Wayne State University (US)
Corresponding author
Peters, Rosalind M.
ORCID
Peters, Rosalind M.
Venue
Western Journal of Nursing Research
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2004-10
Volume
26
Issue
6
Pages
612-631
ISSN
  • 0193-9459 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-8456
DOI
10.1177/0193945904265816
OpenAlex
W2106000465
Cited by
124
References
37
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 19
FWCI
29.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Western Journal of Nursing Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University Libraries (University of Maryland) (submittedVersion)
  • Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Keywords
racism, hypertension, blood pressure, African Americans, perceived racism, racial discrimination, anger suppression, age differences, internalized oppression, urban adults
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Analysis of Variance, Anger, Anxiety, Attitude to Health, Black or African American, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Prejudice, Surveys and Questionnaires, Race Relations, Regression Analysis, United States, Urban Health, Prevalence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review