The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pooled Results From 5 Validation Studies of Dietary Self-Report Instruments Using Recovery Biomarkers for Energy and Protein Intake
Open accessAbstract
We pooled data from 5 large validation studies of dietary self-report instruments that used recovery biomarkers as references to clarify the measurement properties of food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and 24-hour recalls. The studies were conducted in widely differing US adult populations from 1999 to 2009. We report on total energy, protein, and protein density intakes. Results were similar across sexes, but there was heterogeneity across studies. Using a FFQ, the average correlation coefficients for reported versus true intakes for energy, protein, and protein density were 0.21, 0.29, and 0.41, respectively. Using a single 24-hour recall, the coefficients were 0.26, 0.40, and 0.36, respectively, for the same nutrients and rose to 0.31, 0.49, and 0.46 when three 24-hour recalls were averaged. The average rate of under-reporting of energy intake was 28% with a FFQ and 15% with a single 24-hour recall, but the percentages were lower for protein. Personal characteristics related to under-reporting were body mass index, educational level, and age. Calibration equations for true intake that included personal characteristics provided improved prediction. This project establishes that FFQs have stronger correlations with truth for protein density than for absolute protein intake, that the use of multiple 24-hour recalls substantially increases the correlations when compared with a single 24-hour recall, and that body mass index strongly predicts under-reporting of energy and protein intakes.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Results from a pooled analysis of five large validation studies showed that under-reporting of EI with a single 24 h recall was approximately 15 %( 109 ).”
From Understanding meal patterns: definitions, methodology and impact on nutrient intake and diet quality (2015) · cites this paper as [109]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire
WILLETT, W. C., SAMPSON, L., STAMPFER, M. J., ROSNER, B., BAIN, C., WITSCHI, J., HENNEKENS, C. H., & SPEIZER, F. E. (1985) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114086 · Cited by 4,274
Self-citationLinear Mixed Models for Longitudinal Data
Verbeke, G. (1997) · Lecture Notes in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2294-1_3 · Cited by 3,506
Rimm, E. B., Giovannucci, E. L., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G. A., Litin, L. B., & Willett, W. C. (1992) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a116211 · Cited by 2,104
Self-citationMoshfegh, A. J., Rhodes, D. G., Baer, D. J., Murayi, T., Clemens, J. C., Rumpler, W. V., Paul, D. R., Sebastian, R. S., Kuczynski, K. J., Ingwersen, L. A., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/88.2.324 · Cited by 1,988
Self-citationSubar, A. F., Thompson, F. E., Kipnis, V., Midthune, D., Hurwitz, P. E., McNutt, S., McIntosh, A., & Rosenfeld, S. (2001) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/154.12.1089 · Cited by 1,401
Self-citationMeasurement error in nonlinear models: a modern perspective
Carroll, R. J. (2006) · Cited by 1,374
Subar, A. F. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg092 · Cited by 1,070
Self-citationMeasurement Characteristics of the Women’s Health Initiative Food Frequency Questionnaire
Patterson, R. E., Kristal, A. R., Tinker, L. F., Carter, R. A., Bolton, M. P., & Agurs‐Collins, T. (1999) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00055-6 · Cited by 1,021
Self-citationDietary Assessment Methodology
Thompson, F. E., & Subar, A. F. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802928-2.00001-1 · Cited by 978
Self-citationCovariate Measurement Errors and Parameter Estimation in a Failure Time Regression Model
Prentice, R. L. (1982) · Biometrika · doi:10.1093/biomet/69.2.331 · Cited by 672
Self-citationROSNER, B. A., Willett, W. C., & Spiegelman, D. L. (1989) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780080905 · Cited by 658
Self-citationSlimani, N., Kaaks, R., Ferrari, P., Casagrande, C., Clavel‐Chapelon, F., Lotze, G., Kroke, A., Trichopoulos, D., Trichopoulou, A., Lauria, C., et al. (2002) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2002395 · Cited by 390
Prentice, R. L., Mossavar‐Rahmani, Y., Huang, Y., Horn, L. V., Beresford, S. A. A., Caan, B. J., Tinker, L. F., Schoeller, D. A., Bingham, S. A., Eaton, C. B., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr140 · Cited by 376
Self-citationAriefdjohan, M. W., Baer, M. T., Barnes, J. L., Batch, B. C., Bhriain, S. N., Boushey, C. J., Harris, A. B., Brown-Esters, O. N., Burke, L. E., Cadmus‐Bertram, L., et al. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-391884-0.00055-x · Cited by 364
Self-citationNeuhouser, M. L., Tinker, L. F., Shaw, P. A., Schoeller, D. A., Bingham, S. A., Horn, L. V., Beresford, S. A. A., Caan, B. J., Thomson, C. A., Satterfield, S., et al. (2008) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwn026 · Cited by 355
Self-citationKipnis, V., Midthune, D., Buckman, D. W., Dodd, K. W., Guenther, P. M., Krebs‐Smith, S. M., Subar, A. F., Tooze, J. A., Carroll, R. J., & Freedman, L. S. (2009) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2009.01223.x · Cited by 294
Self-citationROSNER, B. A., & Willett, W. C. (1988) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114811 · Cited by 293
Self-citationBingham, S., & Cummings, J. (1985) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/42.6.1276 · Cited by 289
Block, G., & Subar, A. F. (1992) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/s0002-8223(21)00836-1 · Cited by 247
Self-citationCarroll, R. J., Midthune, D., Subar, A. F., Shumakovich, M. A., Freedman, L. S., Thompson, F. E., & Kipnis, V. (2012) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr317 · Cited by 244
Self-citationDo we eat less fat, or just report so?
Heitmann, B., Lissner, L., & Osler, M. (2000) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801176 · Cited by 235
Measurement Error and Results From Analytic Epidemiology: Dietary Fat and Breast Cancer
Prentice, R. L. (1996) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/88.23.1738 · Cited by 212
Self-citationKaaks, R., Ferrari, P., Ciampi, A., Plummer, M., & Ríboli, E. (2002) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2002380 · Cited by 157
Schoeller, D. A., & Hnilicka, J. M. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 143
Calibration of Dietary Intake Measurements in Prospective Cohort Studies
Kaaks, R., Ríboli, E., & van Staveren, W. (1995) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117673 · Cited by 127
Tinker, L. F., Sarto, G. E., Howard, B. V., Huang, Y., Neuhouser, M. L., Mossavar-Rahmani, Y., Beasley, J. M., Margolis, K. L., Eaton, C. B., Phillips, L. S., et al. (2011) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.018648 · Cited by 122
Self-citationArab, L., Wesseling-Perry, K., Jardack, P. M., Henry, J. P., & Winter, A. (2010) · Journal of the American Dietetic Association · doi:10.1016/j.jada.2010.03.024 · Cited by 118
Self-citationA Risk Set Calibration Method for Failure Time Regression by Using a Covariate Reliability Sample
Xie, S. X., Wang, C. Y., & Prentice, R. L. (2001) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · doi:10.1111/1467-9868.00317 · Cited by 78
Self-citationWomen's Health Initiative: Statistical Aspects and Selected Early Results
Prentice, R. L., & Anderson, G. L. (2014) · doi:10.1002/9781118596333.ch56 · Cited by 56
Self-citationSurvival Analysis with Error-Prone Time-Varying Covariates: A Risk Set Calibration Approach
Liao, X., Zucker, D. M., Li, Y., & Spiegelman, D. L. (2010) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2010.01423.x · Cited by 55
Self-citationSubar, A. F., Midthune, D., Tasevska, N., Kipnis, V., & Freedman, L. S. (2013) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.62 · Cited by 46
Self-citationImproving adherence to a cholesterol-lowering diet: a behavioral intervention study
Burke, L. E., Dunbar-Jacob, J., Orchard, T. J., & Sereika, S. M. (2005) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2004.05.007 · Cited by 46
A Multivariate Method for Measurement Error Correction Using Pairs of Concentration Biomarkers
Fraser, G. E., & Yan, R. (2006) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.08.002 · Cited by 15
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- 2013, Nutritional Epidemiology
- United States Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies: Foods, Portions/Weights, Nutrients for Analyzing Dietary Data
- 2002, The impact of categorization of continuous exposure measured with error [abstract], Am J Epidemiol, 155, S28
- SAS Institute Inc, 2008, Statistical Analysis System (SAS) Software, Version 9.2
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT–Lancet Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems
Willett, W., Rockström, J., Loken, B., Springmann, M., Lang, T., Vermeulen, S., Garnett, T., Tilman, D., DeClerck, F., Wood, A., et al. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31788-4 · Cited by 10,880
Self-citationAhluwalia, N., Dwyer, J., Terry, A. L., Moshfegh, A., & Johnson, C. L. (2016) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.115.009258 · Cited by 983
Self-citationAddressing Current Criticism Regarding the Value of Self-Report Dietary Data
Subar, A. F., Freedman, L. S., Tooze, J. A., Kirkpatrick, S. I., Boushey, C., Neuhouser, M. L., Thompson, F. E., Potischman, N., Guenther, P. M., Tarasuk, V., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.115.219634 · Cited by 1,047
Self-citationDietary Assessment Methodology
Thompson, F. E., & Subar, A. F. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802928-2.00001-1 · Cited by 978
Self-citationMetabolic Effects of Intermittent Fasting
Patterson, R. E., & Sears, D. D. (2017) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064634 · Cited by 810
Metadata
- Authors
- Freedman, L. S., Commins, J. M., Moler, J. E., Arab, L., Baer, D. J., Kipnis, V., Midthune, D., Moshfegh, A. J., Neuhouser, M. L., Prentice, R. L., Schatzkin, A., Spiegelman, D., Subar, A. F., Tinker, L. F., & Willett, W.
- Affiliations
- Sheba Medical Center (IL)
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-06-10
- Volume
- 180
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 172-188
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- PMC
- PMC4082341
- OpenAlex
- W2128117277
- Cited by
- 528
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 6.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (HHSN268201100004C, HHSN268201100001C, HHSN268201100002C, HHSN268201100003C)
- National Institute on Aging (HHSN-271-2011-00004C,)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HHSN2682011-00001I, HHSN2682011-00002I, HHSN2682011‐00004I, HHSN268201100046C, HHSN2682011-00003I)
- National Cancer Institute (P01CA053996, R01CA119171, P30CA015704)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- food frequency questionnaire, 24-hour dietary recall, energy intake, protein intake, protein density, underreporting, body mass index, calibration equations, measurement validity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Calibration, Energy Intake, Diet, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nitrogen, Surveys and Questionnaires, Mental Recall, Biomarkers, Diet Records, Validation Studies as Topic, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
