Exploring the Link Between Cardiovascular Reactivity and End-Organ Damage in African and Caucasian Men: The SABPA Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Heart failure in the African population is reaching alarming levels. Increased afterload as a result of increased vasoconstriction during stress may lead to impaired ventricular function and stroke volume (SV) as well as vascular hypertrophy. In this study, we challenged the cardiovascular system in order to evaluate the possible contribution of indicators of α-adrenergic vasoconstriction (i.e., vascular resistance and SV reactivity) on left ventricular mass and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in African and Caucasian men. METHODS: We evaluated 101 African and 101 Caucasian male schoolteachers. Ambulatory blood pressure measurements were taken. Total peripheral resistance, Windkessel compliance and SV, and resting and reactivity values were obtained using a Finometer device while the Stroop color word conflict test was being applied. The electrocardiogram was recorded to obtain the Cornell product as indication of left ventricular mass. The CIMT was measured and the cross-sectional wall area (CSWA) calculated. RESULTS: African men showed higher total vascular resistance resting values as well as higher positive reactivity values compared with Caucasian men. The SV decreased significantly during stress in African men while resting blood pressure and the Cornell product value increased. SV showed a consistent association with left ventricular mass (β = -0.21; P = 0.04) and CSWA (β = -0.24; P = 0.01) in single and multiple regression analyses. No such associations were evident in the Caucasian men. CONCLUSIONS: African men showed a suppressed SV, possibly as a result of an increased ventricular afterload leading to end-organ damage.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The increased cardiovascular risk in Black populations may be due to physiological differences including a suppressed RAAS, altered renal sodium handling, increased cardiovascular reactivity, and early vascular aging (large artery stiffness).
“This increased cardiovascular risk may be due to physiological differences including a suppressed RAAS, 133,134 altered renal sodium handling, 135 increased cardiovascular reactivity, 136 and early vascular aging (large artery stiffness). 137”
From 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines (2020) · cites this paper as [136]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment (2006)
Marfell-Jones, M., Olds, T., Stewart, A. D., & Carter, L. (2006) · VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) · Cited by 2,608 · see citing works
Mannheim Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Consensus (2004–2006)
Touboul, P., Hennerici, M. G., Meairs, S. P., Adams, H., Amarenco, P., Bornstein, N. M., Csiba, L., Desvarieux, M., Ebrahim, S. B. J., Fatar, M., et al. (2006) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000097034 · Cited by 1,511 · see citing works
Computation of aortic flow from pressure in humans using a nonlinear, three-element model
Wesseling, K. H., Jansen, J. R. C., Settels, J. J., & Schreuder, J. J. (1993) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1993.74.5.2566 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
Clinical measurement of arterial stiffness obtained from noninvasive pressure waveforms
NICHOLS, W. (2005) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.10.009 · Cited by 1,002 · see citing works
Fifteen years experience with finger arterial pressure monitoring: assessment of the technology
Imholz, B. P. M. (1998) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1016/s0008-6363(98)00067-4 · Cited by 837 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Reactivity and Development of Preclinical and Clinical Disease States
Treiber, F. A., Kamarck, T., Schneiderman, N., Sheffield, D., Kapuku, G., & Taylor, T. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200301000-00007 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Hypertension in Sub-Saharan African Populations
Opie, L. H., & Seedat, Y. K. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.539569 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Sliwa, K. S., Wilkinson, D., Hansen, C. A., Ntyintyane, L., Tibazarwa, K., Becker, A., & Stewart, S. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60417-1 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Okin, P. M., Roman, M. J., Devereux, R. B., & Kligfield, P. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(94)00371-v · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Wendelhag, I., Liang, Q., Gustavsson, T., et al. (1997) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.28.11.2195 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
A multiscale dynamic programming procedure for boundary detection in ultrasonic artery images
Liang, Q., Wendelhag, I., Wikstrand, J., & Gustavsson, T. (2000) · IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging · doi:10.1109/42.836372 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Characteristics of 9194 Patients With Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
Dahlöf, B., Devereux, R. B., Julius, S., Kjeldsen, S. E., Beevers, G., Fairé, U. D., Fyhrquist, F., Hedner, T., Ibsen, H., Kristianson, K. J., et al. (1998) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.32.6.989 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Gersh, B. J. (2009) · Yearbook of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0145-4145(09)79513-9 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
The emergence of cardiovascular disease during urbanisation of Africans
Vorster, H. (2002) · Public Health Nutrition · doi:10.1079/phn2001299 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Kamarck, T. W., Everson‐Rose, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Manuck, S. B., Jennings, J. R., Salonen, R. M., & Salonen, J. T. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.11.3842 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Everson, S. A., Lynch, J. W., Chesney, M. A., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., Shade, S. B., Cohen, R. D., Salonen, R., & Salonen, J. T. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7080.553 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Low-Flow Aortic Stenosis in Asymptomatic Patients
Cramariuc, D., Cioffi, G., Rieck, Å. E., Devereux, R. B., Staal, E. M., Ray, S., Wachtell, K., & Gerdts, E. (2009) · JACC: Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.jcmg.2008.12.021 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Validation of brachial artery pressure reconstruction from finger arterial pressure
Guelen, I., Westerhof, B. E., van der Sar, G. L., van Montfrans, G. A., Kiemeneij, F., Wesseling, K. H., & Bos, W. J. W. (2008) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e3282fe1d28 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Matthews, K. A., Zhu, S., Tucker, D. C., & Whooley, M. A. (2006) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000200713.44895.38 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Increased Vascular Adrenergic Vasoconstriction and Decreased Vasodilation in Blacks
Stein, C. M., Lang, C. C., Singh, I., He, H. B., & Wood, A. J. J. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.6.945 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Saab, P. G., Llabre, M. M., Hurwitz, B. E., Frame, C. A., Reineke, L. J., Fins, A. I., McCalla, J., Cieply, L. K., & Schneiderman, N. (1992) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1992.tb01712.x · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Early vascular aging and the role of central blood pressure
Kotsis, V., Stabouli, S., Karafillis, I., & Nilsson, P. M. (2011) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32834a4d9f · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Cardiovascular risk reduction in hypertensive black patients with left ventricular hypertrophy
Julius, S., Alderman, M. H., Beevers, G., Dahlöf, B., Devereux, R. B., Douglas, J. G., Edelman, J. M., Harris, K. E., Kjeldsen, S. E., Nesbitt, S. D., et al. (2004) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.11.029 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
van Rooyen, J. M., Kruger, H. S., Huisman, H. W., Wissing, M., Margetts, B. M., Venter, C., & Vorster, H. H. (2000) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001098 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationCardiovascular and sympathoadrenal responses to mental stress: influence of beta-blockade
FREYSCHUSS, U., Hjemdahl, P., JUHLIN‐DANNFELT, A., et al. (1988) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.6.h1443 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Georgiades, A., Lemne, C. E., Fairé, U. D., Lindvall, K., & Fredrikson, M. G. (1997) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.1997.1800729.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Schutte, A. E., Huisman, H. W., Schutte, R., van Rooyen, J. M., Malan, L., Malan, N. T., & Reimann, M. (2011) · Clinical and Experimental Hypertension · doi:10.3109/10641963.2011.561897 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationEthnic differences in arterial stiffness and wave reflections after cigarette smoking
Lemogoum, D., Bortel, L. M. V., Leeman, M., Degaute, J.-P., & van de Borne, P. (2006) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000217850.87960.16 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Fauvel, J. P., Bernard, N., Laville, M., et al. (1996) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/bf02291137 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Should obesity be blamed for the high prevalence rates of hypertension in black South African women?
Schutte, A. E., Huisman, H. W., van Rooyen, J. M., et al. (2008) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/jhh.2008.35 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationAllen, M. T., Bocek, C. M. J., & Burch, A. E. (2011) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.06.013 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Llabre, M. M., Klein, B., Saab, P. G., McCalla, J. R., & Schneiderman, N. (1998) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0503_3 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
dos SANTOS, L., Antônio, E. L., Souza, A. F. M., et al. (2010) · Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1139/y10-062 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Huisman, H. W., van Rooyen, J. M., Malan, N. T., et al. (2002) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001493 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of beta-adrenergic stimulation on pulse wave velocity in black and white subjects
Lemogoum, D., Bortel, L. M. V., den Abeele, W. V., Ciarka, A., Degaute, J.-P., van de Borne, P., & Leeman, M. (2004) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200412000-00017 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Phillips, A. C., Der, G., Shipton, D., & Benzeval, M. (2011) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.08.002 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Schutte, R., Huisman, H. W., Schutte, A. E., et al. (2010) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2010.65 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationZohdi, V., Black, M. J., & Pearson, J. T. (2011) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511001784 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
EFFECT OF BETA-ADRENERGIC STIMULATION ON PULSE WAVE VELOCITY IN BLACK AND WHITE SUBJECTS
Lemogoum, D., Bortel, L. V., van de Borne, P., et al. (2004) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200402001-00091 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines
Unger, T., Borghi, C., Charchar, F., Khan, N. A., Poulter, N. R., Prabhakaran, D., Ramirez, A., Schlaich, M., Stergiou, G. S., Tomaszewski, M., et al. (2020) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15026 · Cited by 4,132 · see citing works
Self-citation2020 International Society of Hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines
Unger, T., Borghi, C., Charchar, F., Khan, N. A., Poulter, N. R., Prabhakaran, D., Ramirez, A., Schlaich, M., Stergiou, G. S., Tomaszewski, M., et al. (2020) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000002453 · Cited by 1,283 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Huisman, H. W., Schutte, A. E., Schutte, R., van Rooyen, J. M., Fourie, C. M. T., Mels, C. M. C., Smith, W., Malan, N. T., & Malan, L.
- Affiliations
- North-West University (ZA)
- ORCID
- Venue
- American Journal of Hypertension
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-12-13
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68-75
- ISSN
- 0895-7061 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-7225
- OpenAlex
- W2091582362
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Boloka Institutional Repository (North-west University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- cardiovascular reactivity, stroke volume, left ventricular mass, carotid intima-media thickness, vascular resistance, alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction, racial differences, African men, Caucasian men, heart failure, afterload, ambulatory blood pressure
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular System, Compliance, Electrocardiography, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Stroke Volume, Vascular Resistance, Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory, Black People, White People, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
