Cardiovascular Reactivity and Development of Preclinical and Clinical Disease States

Treiber, Frank A.; Kamarck, Thomas; Schneiderman, Neil; Sheffield, David; Kapuku, Gaston; Taylor, Teletia

doi:10.1097/00006842-200301000-00007

Cited by 683Blood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlCardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

Cardiovascular Reactivity and Development of Preclinical and Clinical Disease States

Treiber, Frank A., Kamarck, Thomas, Schneiderman, Neil, Sheffield, David, Kapuku, Gaston, Taylor, Teletia·2003·Psychosomatic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/00006842-200301000-00007

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence for the hypothesis that cardiovascular reactivity can predict the development of preclinical (elevated blood pressure, ventricular remodeling, carotid atherosclerosis) and/or clinical cardiovascular disease states. METHODS: A review of the literature was conducted examining prospective studies. RESULTS: Three large epidemiological studies with long-term follow-up periods (20 years or more) have found blood pressure responses to the cold pressor task to be predictive of subsequent essential hypertension in initially normotensive samples. Studies showing less consistent results have tended to use shorter-term follow-up periods. A larger body of literature demonstrates consistent associations between stress-related cardiovascular reactivity and blood pressure elevations in youth over the course of 1 to 6 years; such relationships have not been consistently shown among adult samples. Moderately consistent evidence points to a positive relationship between reactivity and other measures of subclinical disease (increased left ventricular mass and carotid atherosclerosis) among the few prospective studies that have examined these issues to date. A number of additional factors, however, such as baseline levels of disease risk and exposure to psychosocial stress, seem to moderate these relationships. Health status at baseline also seems to moderate the association between reactivity and clinical coronary heart disease in recent reports: two of three existing studies in initially healthy samples show no evidence of a relationship between reactivity and clinical outcomes, whereas three of four studies in samples with preexisting coronary heart disease or essential hypertension show a positive relationship between reactivity and subsequent disease states. CONCLUSIONS: There is reasonable evidence to suggest that cardiovascular reactivity can predict the development of some preclinical states (eg, increased left ventricular mass and blood pressure) states and perhaps even new clinical events in some patients with essential hypertension or coronary heart disease. However, much more information is needed concerning moderating and potentially confounding variables before the robustness of the positive relationships can become clinically useful.

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The reactivity hypothesis states exaggerated responses to stress cause pathophysiologic events leading to sustained blood pressure increases.
“Specifically, the reactivity hypothesis states that exaggerated responses to stress cause a cascade of pathophysiologic events that can eventually lead to sustained increases in blood pressure (1,3,10-12).”
From A high fat meal increases cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in healthy young adults (2007) · cites this paper as [12]
Greater reactivity to laboratory stressors is associated with subsequent poor cardiovascular health.
“greater reactivity to laboratory stressors is associated with subsequent poor cardiovascular health (Chida & Steptoe, 2010; Lovallo & Gerin, 2003; Treiber et al., 2003)”
From Dispositional Mindfulness Uncouples Physiological and Emotional Reactivity to a Laboratory Stressor and Emotional Reactivity to Executive Functioning Lapses in Daily Life (2016) · cites this paper as Treiber et al., 2003

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Relationships between children's cardiovascular stress responses and resting cardiovascular functioning 1 year later1This article is dedicated to the memory of Joseph Murphy, PhD. (1950–1994) whose insights and contributions to cardiovascular health research and friendship are sadly missed.1
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Authors: Treiber, F. A., Kamarck, T., Schneiderman, N., Sheffield, D., Kapuku, G., & Taylor, T.
Affiliations: Augusta University (US)
United States Department of Veterans Affairs (US)
ORCID: Treiber, Frank A.
Kamarck, Thomas
Schneiderman, Neil
Sheffield, David
Kapuku, Gaston
Taylor, Teletia
Venue: Psychosomatic Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2003-01
Volume: 65
Issue: 1
Pages: 46-62
ISSN: 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00006842-200301000-00007
OpenAlex: W2322678100
Cited by: 683
References: 89
Citations by year: 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 5.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Keywords: cardiovascular reactivity, cold pressor test, essential hypertension, coronary artery disease, left ventricular mass, carotid atherosclerosis, ventricular remodeling, psychosocial stress, preclinical cardiovascular disease, disease risk prediction, moderators
MeSH terms: Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular System, Carotid Arteries, Cold Temperature, Disease Susceptibility, Ethnicity, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hemodynamics, Humans, Individuality, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Research Design, Ultrasonography, Cohort Studies, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic

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Cardiovascular Reactivity and Development of Preclinical and Clinical Disease States

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