Interaction of workplace demands and cardiovascular reactivity in progression of carotid atherosclerosis: population based study

Everson, Susan A; Lynch, John W; Chesney, Margaret A; Kaplan, George A; Goldberg, Debbie E; Shade, Starley B; Cohen, Richard D; Salonen, Riitta; Salonen, Jukka T

doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7080.553

Cited by 232Cardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionWorkplace Health and Well-beingBlood Pressure and Hypertension Studies

Interaction of workplace demands and cardiovascular reactivity in progression of carotid atherosclerosis: population based study

Open access

Everson, Susan A, Lynch, John W, Chesney, Margaret A, Kaplan, George A, Goldberg, Debbie E, Shade, Starley B, Cohen, Richard D, Salonen, Riitta +1 more·1997·BMJ

DOI 10.1136/bmj.314.7080.553PMC PMC2126071

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Objective: To examine the combined influence of workplace demands and changes in blood pressure induced by stress on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Design: Population based follow up study of unestablished as well as traditional risk factors for carotid atherosclerosis, ischaemic heart disease, and other outcomes. Setting: Eastern Finland. Subjects: 591 men aged 42-60 who were fully employed at baseline and had complete data on the measures of carotid atherosclerosis, job demands, blood pressure reactivity, and covariates. Main outcome measures: Change in ultrasonographically assessed intima-media thickness of the right and left common carotid arteries from baseline to 4 year follow up. Results: Significant interactions between workplace demands and stress induced reactivity were observed for all measures of progression (P<0.04). Men with large changes in systolic blood pressure (20 mm Hg or greater) in anticipation of a maximal exercise test and with high job demands had 10-40% greater progression of mean (0.138 v 0.123 mm) and maximum (0.320 v 0.261 mm) intima-media thickness and plaque height (0.347 v 0.264) than men who were less reactive and had fewer job demands. Similar results were obtained after excluding men with prevalent ischaemic heart disease at baseline. Findings were strongest among men with at least 20% stenosis or non-stenotic plaque at baseline. In this subgroup reactive men with high job demands had more than 46% greater atherosclerotic progression than the others. Adjustment for atherosclerotic risk factors did not alter the results. Conclusions: Men who showed stress induced blood pressure reactivity and who reported high job demands experienced the greatest atherosclerotic progression, showing the association between dispositional risk characteristics and contextual determinants of disease and suggesting that behaviourally evoked cardiovascular reactivity may have a role in atherogenesis. Key messages: Psychological stress plays an important part in the illness and premature death associated with cardiovascular disease, but individual susceptibility to disease varies according to biological predispositions, personality, behaviour, and environmental exposures This study found that a demanding work environment in combination with a predisposition to exaggerated blood pressure reactivity to stress was significantly related to progression of carotid atherosclerosis over four years among employed middle aged men and was independent of known atherosclerotic risk factors These findings support the role of stress induced reactivity in human atherogenesis Future research needs to confirm these findings in other populations and to examine the influence of other risk factors and environments on the progression of disease

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bmj.314.7080.553

Cites

103 of 103 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The text we found for this paper looks like another document, so the self-check wasn’t run.

Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1972) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x · Cited by 39,793 · see citing works
Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign
Karasek, R. A. (1979) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392498 · Cited by 12,597 · see citing works
Healthy work: stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0381 · Cited by 8,158 · see citing works
The Structure of Psychological Well-Being.
Mechanic, D., & Bradburn, N. M. (1970) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2093340 · Cited by 4,958 · see citing works
Health inequalities among British civil servants: the Whitehall II study
Marmot, M. G., Stansfeld, S. A., Patel, C., North, F. M., Head, J. A., White, I. R., Brunner, E. J., Feeney, A., Marmot, M. G., & Smith, G. D. (1991) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)93068-k · Cited by 3,571 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Survey Methods.
Rose, G., & Blackburn, H. (1968) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-69-6-1335_2 · Cited by 3,065 · see citing works
Myocardial infarction and coronary deaths in the World Health Organization MONICA Project. Registration procedures, event rates, and case-fatality rates in 38 populations from 21 countries in four continents.
Tunstall-Pedoe, H., Kuulasmaa, K., Amouyel, P., Arveiler, D., Rajakangas, A.-M., & Pająk, A. (1994) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.90.1.583 · Cited by 2,260 · see citing works
Job decision latitude, job demands, and cardiovascular disease: a prospective study of Swedish men.
Karasek, R. A., Baker, D. B., Marxer, F., Ahlbom, A., & Theorell, T. (1981) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.71.7.694 · Cited by 1,566 · see citing works
INEQUALITIES IN DEATH—SPECIFIC EXPLANATIONS OF A GENERAL PATTERN?
Marmot, M. G., Shipley, M. J., & Rose, G. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)92337-7 · Cited by 1,461 · see citing works
Seven Countries: A Multivariate Analysis of Death and Coronary Heart Disease.
(1980) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-93-5-786_2 · Cited by 1,425 · see citing works
Seven Countries
Keys, A. B. (1980) · Harvard University Press eBooks · doi:10.4159/harvard.9780674497887 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Job Strain and Cardiovascular Disease
Schnall, P. L., Landsbergis, P. A., & Baker, D. B. (1994) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.pu.15.050194.002121 · Cited by 800 · see citing works
Ultrasound B-mode imaging in observational studies of atherosclerotic progression.
SALONEN, J. T., & Salonen, R. M. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Self-citation
Should negative affectivity remain an unmeasured variable in the study of job stress?
Brief, A. P., Burke, M. J., George, J. M., Robinson, B. S., & Webster, J. (1988) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.73.2.193 · Cited by 736 · see citing works
In-hospital mortality and clinical course of 20 891 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction randomised between alteplase and streptokinase with or without heparin
The International Study Group (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)91590-7 · Cited by 617 · see citing works
Effects of Early-Life Conditions on Adult Mortality: A Review
Elo, I. T., & Preston, S. H. (1992) · Population Index · doi:10.2307/3644718 · Cited by 610 · see citing works
Job characteristics in relation to the prevalence of myocardial infarction in the US Health Examination Survey (HES) and the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES).
Karasek, R. A., Theorell, T., Schwartz, J. E., Schnall, P. L., Pieper, C. F., & Michela, J. L. (1988) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.78.8.910 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Job control and worker health
(1990) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/0003-6870(90)90016-q · Cited by 601 · see citing works
Stress, personal control and health.
Steptoe, A., & Appels, A. (1989) · Cited by 599 · see citing works
Kuopio Atherosclerosis Prevention Study (KAPS). A population-based primary preventive trial of the effect of LDL lowering on atherosclerotic progression in carotid and femoral arteries.
Salonen, R., Nyyssönen, K., Porkkala, E., Rummukainen, J., Belder, R., Park, J.-S., & Salonen, J. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.92.7.1758 · Cited by 587 · see citing works
Self-citation
Methodological issues in the study of work stress: Objective vs subjective measurement of work stress and the question of longitudinal studies.
Frese, M. H., & Zapf, D. (1994) · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Low status control, high effort at work and ischemic heart disease: Prospective evidence from blue-collar men
Siegrist, J., Peter, R., Junge, A., Cremer, P., & Seidel, D. (1990) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(90)90234-j · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Deprivation and health in Scotland
Watt, G. (1992) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(92)90326-l · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Changes in risk factors explain changes in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland
Vartiainen, E. A., Puska, P., Pekkanen, J., Toumilehto, J., & Jousilahti, P. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6946.23 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Negative affectivity as the underlying cause of correlations between stressors and strains.
Chen, P. Y., & Spector, P. E. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.76.3.398 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
A Consideration of the Validity and Meaning of Self-Report Measures of Job Conditions
Spector, P. E. (1992) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida) · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Knowledge and Practices of Generalist and Specialist Physicians Regarding Drug Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Ayanian, J. Z., Hauptman, P. J., Guadagnoli, E., Antman, E. M., Pashos, C. L., & McNeil, B. J. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199410273311707 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Beneficial effects of colestipol-niacin therapy on the common carotid artery. Two- and four-year reduction of intima-media thickness measured by ultrasound.
Blankenhorn, D. H., Selzer, R. H., Crawford, D. W., Barth, J. D., Liu, C. R., Liu, C. H., Mack, W. J., & Alaupovic, P. (1993) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.1.20 · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Magnitude and causes of socioeconomic differentials in mortality: further evidence from the Whitehall Study.
Smith, G. D., Shipley, M. J., & Rose, G. (1990) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.44.4.265 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
The demand‐control‐support model: Methodological challenges for future research
Kristensen, T. S. (1995) · Stress Medicine · doi:10.1002/smi.2460110104 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Association of cardiovascular disease risk factors with socioeconomic position during childhood and during adulthood
Blane, D., Hart, C., Smith, G. D., Gillis, C. R., Hole, D. J., & Hawthorne, V. M. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7070.1434 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Health effects of anticipation of job change and non-employment: longitudinal data from the Whitehall II study
Ferrie, J. E., Shipley, M. J., Marmot, M. G., Stansfeld, S. A., & Smith, G. D. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7015.1264 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Is there a continuing need for longitudinal epidemiologic research? The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study.
SALONEN, J. T. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Self-citation
CARDIORESPIRATORY DISEASE AND DIABETES AMONG MIDDLE-AGED MALE CIVIL SERVANTS
Reid, D. D., Hamilton, P. J. S., KEEN, H., Brett, G. Z., Jarrett, R. J., & Rose, G. (1974) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)92783-4 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Cardiovascular reactivity in cardiovascular disease: “Once more unto the breach”
Manuck, S. B. (1994) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0101_2 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Childhood and adult socioeconomic status as predictors of mortality in Finland
Lynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., Cohen, R. D., Wilson, T. W., Smith, N. L., Kauhanen, J., & Salonen, J. T. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)91468-0 · Cited by 304 · see citing works
Self-citation
Behaviorally-Evoked Cardiovascular Reactivity and Hypertension: Conceptual Issues and Potential Associations
Manuck, S. B., Kasprowicz, A. L., & Muldoon, M. F. (1990) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15324796abm1201_2 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
MYOCARDIAL ISCHÆMIA, RISK FACTORS AND DEATH FROM CORONARY HEART-DISEASE
Rose, G., Hamilton, P. J. S., KEEN, H., Reid, D. D., McCartney, P., & Jarrett, R. J. (1977) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91701-9 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Quality of Employment Survey, 1972-1973
Quinn, R. P., Mangione, T. W., & Seashore, S. E. (1984) · ICPSR Data Holdings · doi:10.3886/icpsr03510 · Cited by 263 · see citing works
Childhood social circumstances and psychosocial and behavioural factors as determinants of plasma fibrinogen
Brunner, E. J., Marmot, M. G., Canner, R., Beksinska, M., Smith, G. D., & O'Brien, J. R. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90147-6 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Sex Differences in Myocardial Infarction and Coronary Deaths in the Scottish MONICA Population of Glasgow 1985 to 1991
Tunstall‐Pedoe, H., Morrison, C. E., Woodward, M., Fitzpatrick, B., & Watt, G. C. M. (1996) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.93.11.1981 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Behaviorally Induced Heart Rate Reactivity and Atherosclerosis in Cynomolgus Monkeys
Manuck, S. B., Kaplan, J. R., & Clarkson, T. B. (1983) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198305000-00002 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Deprivation in infancy or in adult life: which is more important for mortality risk?
Ben‐Shlomo, Y., & Smith, G. D. (1991) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)91307-g · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Influence of fathers' social class on cardiovascular disease in middle-aged men
Wannamethee, S. G., Whincup, P. H., Shaper, G., & Walker, M. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)02465-8 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Controlling neuroticism in the measurement of stress
McCrae, R. R. (1990) · Stress Medicine · doi:10.1002/smi.2460060309 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
CORONARY HEART-ATTACKS IN EAST LONDON
Pedoe, H., Clayton, D. G., Morris, J. N., Brigden, W., & McDonald, L. (1975) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)90233-0 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Occupational Stress and Health Among Men and Women in the Tecumseh Community Health Study
House, J. S., Strecher, V. J., Metzner, H. L., & Robbins, C. A. (1986) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136503 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Deprivation and cause specific morbidity: evidence from the Somerset and Avon survey of health
Eachus, J., Williams, M., Chan, P. V., Smith, G. D., Grainge, M. J., Donovan, J., & Frankel, S. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7026.287 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Socioeconomic conditions in childhood and ischaemic heart disease during middle age.
Kaplan, G. A., & Salonen, J. T. (1990) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.301.6761.1121 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citation
Anticipatory Blood Pressure Response to Exercise Predicts Future High Blood Pressure in Middle-aged Men
Everson‐Rose, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., & Salonen, J. T. (1996) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.27.5.1059 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citation
Confounding in epidemiological studies: why "independent" effects may not be all they seem.
Smith, G. D., & Phillips, A. N. (1992) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.305.6856.757 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Social class, health behaviour, and mortality among men and women in eastern Finland
Pekkanen, J., Tuomilehto, J., Uutela, A. K., Vartiainen, E. A., & Nissinen, A. M. (1995) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.311.7005.589 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Work characteristics and psychiatric disorder in civil servants in London.
Stansfeld, S. A., North, F. M., White, I. R., & Marmot, M. G. (1995) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.49.1.48 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Childhood socioeconomic status and risk of cardiovascular disease in middle aged US women: a prospective study.
Gliksman, M., Kawachi, I. I., Hunter, D., Colditz, G. A., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Speizer, F. E., Willett, W. C., & Hennekens, C. H. (1995) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.49.1.10 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Short and long term prognosis of acute myocardial infarction since introduction of thrombolysis.
Stevenson, R. N., Ranjadayalan, K., Wilkinson, P., Roberts, R., & Timmis, A. (1993) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.307.6900.349 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Accumulation of factors influencing respiratory illness in members of a national birth cohort and their offspring.
Mann, S. L., Wadsworth, M. E., & Colley, J. R. (1992) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.46.3.286 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Cardiologist versus internist management of patients with unstable angina: Treatment patterns and outcomes
SCHREIBER, T. L., Elkhatib, A., Grines, C. L., & O’Neill, W. W. (1995) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00214-o · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Individual Differences in Cardiovascular Response to Stress
Turner, J. R., Sherwood, A., & Light, K. C. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0697-7 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Socio-economic conditions in childhood and mortality and morbidity caused by coronary heart disease in adulthood in rural Finland
Notkola, V., Punsar, S., Karvonen, M. J., & Haapakoski, J. (1985) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(85)90035-8 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Role of sympathoadrenal medullary activation in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
Kaplan, J. R., Pettersson, K., Manuck, S. B., & Olsson, G. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 131 · see citing works
World Health Statistics Annual 1987.
(1988) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531755 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
When is mortality risk determined? Historical insights into a current debate
Kuh, D., & Smith, G. D. (1993) · Social History of Medicine · doi:10.1093/sochis/6.1.101 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Gender, Coronary Artery Disease, and Coronary Bypass Surgery
WENGER, N. K. (1990) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-112-8-557 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Measuring work organization exposure over the life course with a job-exposure matrix.
Johnson, J. V., & Stewart, W. F. (1993) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1508 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory Disease in Men and Women in Urban Scotland: Baseline Characteristics of the Renfrew/Paisley(Midspan) Study Population
Hawthorne, V. M., Watt, G. C. M., Hart, C., Hole, D. J., Smith, G. D., & Gillis, C. R. (1995) · Scottish Medical Journal · doi:10.1177/003693309504000402 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Effect of social class in childhood and adulthood on adult mortality
Vågerö, D., & Leon, D. A. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92432-5 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Acute myocardial infarction in women: survival analysis in first six months
Wilkinson, P., Laji, K., Ranjadayalan, K., Parsons, L., & Timmis, A. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6954.566 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Frailty, Sickness, and Death: Models of Morbidity and Mortality in Historical Populations
Alter, G. C., & Riley, J. C. (1989) · Population Studies · doi:10.1080/0032472031000143836 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Job Strain and Cardiovascular Disease
Schnall, P. L. (1994) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.15.1.381 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Status and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis
Lynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., Salonen, R. M., & Salonen, J. T. (1997) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.17.3.513 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citation
Relation between socioeconomic deprivation and pathological prognostic factors in women with breast cancer
Carnon, A., Ssemwogerere, A., Lamont, D., Hole, D. J., Mallon, E., George, W. D., & Gillis, G. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6961.1054 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Methodological considerations of ultrasound investigation of intima‐media thickness and lumen diameter
Wikstrand, J., & Wendelhag, I. (1994) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1994.tb00845.x · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Behaviorally elicited heart rate reactivity and atherosclerosis in female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).
Manuck, S. B., Kaplan, J. R., Adams, M. R., & Clarkson, T. B. (1989) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-198905000-00005 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Trends in survival of hospitalized myocardial infarction patients between 1970 and 1985. The Minnesota Heart Survey.
McGovern, P. G., Folsom, A. R., Sprafka, J. M., Burke, G. L., Doliszny, K. M., Demirovic, J., Naylor, J., & Blackburn, H. (1992) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.85.1.172 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Prevalence of coronary heart disease in Scotland: Scottish Heart Health Study.
Smith, W. C., Kenicer, M., Tunstall‐Pedoe, H., Clark, E. C., & Crombie, I. K. (1990) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.64.5.295 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Delay between onset of chest pain and arrival to the coronary care unit among minority and disadvantaged patients.
Ghali, J. K., Cooper, R., Kowatly, I., & Liao, Y.-C. (1993) · PubMed Central · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Differences in the incidence of myocardial infarction among occupational groups.
Hammar, N., Alfredsson, L. S., Smedberg, M., & Ahlbom, A. (1992) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.1590 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study
Salonen, J. T., Seppänen, K., Rauramaa, R., & Salonen, R. M. (1989) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853898909149939 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citation
THE PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES OF ROSE QUESTIONNAIRE ANGINA AMONG WOMEN AND MEN IN THE LIPID RESEARCH CLINICS PROGRAM PREVALENCE STUDY POPULATION
Wilcosky, T. C., Harris, R. B., & Weissfeld, L. A. (1987) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114546 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Variability of angina. Some implications for epidemiology.
Rose, G. (1968) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.22.1.12 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Acute chest pain in African Americans: factors in the delay in seeking emergency care.
Ell, K., Haywood, L. J., Sobel, E., Deguzman, M., Blumfield, D. E., & Ning, J. P. (1994) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.84.6.965 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
When is mortality risk determined? Historical insights into a current debate
Kuh, D. J., & Smith, G. D. (1993) · Social History of Medicine · doi:10.1093/shm/6.1.101 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Socio-Economic differences in mortality. A life course approach
Wunsch, G. J., Duchêne, J., Thiltgès, É., & Salhi, M. (1996) · European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie · doi:10.1007/bf01797082 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Small area statistics as markers for personal social status in the Scottish heart health study.
Woodward, M. (1996) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.50.5.570 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Precision and reproducibility of ultrasonographic measurement of progression of common carotid artery atherosclerosis
Salonen, J., Korpela, H., Salonen, R. M., & Nyyssönen, K. (1993) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(93)93184-3 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
Negative affectivity as the underlying cause of correlations between stressors and strains.
Chen, P. Y., & Spector, P. E. (1991) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.76.3.398 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Family size and paternal unemployment in relation to myocardial infarction.
Burr, M. L., & Sweetnam, P. M. (1980) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.34.2.93 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Educational Level of Spouses and Risk of Mortality: The WHO Kaunas-Rotterdam Intervention Study (KRIS)
Bosma, H., Appels, A., STURMANS, F., Grabauskas, V. J., & Goštautas, A. (1995) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/24.1.119 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Origins of regional differences in mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland
Koskinen, S. V. P. (1994) · STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The challenge of studying the disease effects of stressful work conditions.
Kasl, S. V. (1981) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.71.7.682 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
The Role of Cardiovascular Reactivity in Hypertension Risk
Lovallo, W. R., & Wilson, M. F. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0697-7_9 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Male mortality from ischaemic heart disease in Finland: Relation to region of birth and region of residence
Valkonen, T. (1987) · European Journal of Population / Revue européenne de Démographie · doi:10.1007/bf01797092 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Stress at work and psychosomatic complaints: A causal interpretation.
Frese, M. H. (1985) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-9010.70.2.314 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Association between living conditions in childhood and myocardial infarction.
Hasle, H. (1990) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.300.6723.512 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Are the economically active more deserving?
Gaffney, B., & Kee, F. (1995) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.73.4.385 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Are there socio-economic differences in survival after acute myocardial infarction?
Wilhelmsen, L., & Rosengren, A. (1996) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014743 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Measuring outcomes: one month survival after acute myocardial infarction in Scotland.
Juszczak, B., Boyd, J., & Capewell, S. (1997) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.77.1.88 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Differences in expectation of life between Glasgow and Edinburgh. Implications for health policy in Scotland.
Gc, W. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Social Class and Cardiovascular Disease: The Contribution of Work
Marmot, M. G., & Theorell, T. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315223490-3 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Coronary heart disease rates within a small urban area in Belgium.
Backer, G. D., Thys, G., Craene, I. D., Verhasselt, Y., & Henauw, S. D. (1994) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.48.4.344 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Occupation and risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction
Hebert, P. R. (1992) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.152.11.2253 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Socioeconomic status and progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Prospective evidence from the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk factor Study
Lynch, J. W., Kaplan, G. A., Salonen, J. T., & Salonen, R. M. (1997) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citation
Socioeconomic differentials in mortality: evidence from Glasgow graveyards
Smith, G. D., Carroll, D., Rankin, S., & Rowan, D. (2003) · Policy Press eBooks · doi:10.51952/9781447342229.ch031 · Cited by 7 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
McEwen, B. S. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199801153380307 · Cited by 6,733 · see citing works
The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine
McEwen, B. S., & Wingfield, J. C. (2003) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0018-506x(02)00024-7 · Cited by 3,302 · see citing works
Allostasis and Allostatic Load Implications for Neuropsychopharmacology
McEwen, B. (2000) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(99)00129-3 · Cited by 1,833 · see citing works
Is caregiving hazardous to one’s physical health? A meta-analysis
Vitaliano, P. P., Zhang, J., & Scanlan, J. M. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.6.946 · Cited by 1,734 · see citing works
The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of psychosocial risk factors in cardiac practice
Rozanski, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Davidson, K. W., Saab, P. G., & Kubzansky, L. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.005 · Cited by 1,238 · see citing works
Stress and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update on Current Knowledge
Steptoe, A., & Kivimäki, M. (2013) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114452 · Cited by 879 · see citing works
PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Everson‐Rose, S. A., & Lewis, T. T. (2005) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144542 · Cited by 806 · see citing works
Stress, inflammation and cardiovascular disease
Black, P. H., & Garbutt, L. D. (2002) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(01)00302-6 · Cited by 793 · see citing works
Effects of Work Stress on Ambulatory Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Heart Rate Variability
Vrijkotte, T. G. M., van Doornen, L. J. P., & de Geus, E. J. C. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.4.880 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Reactivity and Development of Preclinical and Clinical Disease States
Treiber, F. A., Kamarck, T., Schneiderman, N., Sheffield, D., Kapuku, G., & Taylor, T. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200301000-00007 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Uncertainty and stress: Why it causes diseases and how it is mastered by the brain
Peters, A., McEwen, B. S., & Friston, K. (2017) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.05.004 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Gender and health: reassessing patterns and explanations
McDonough, P., & Walters, V. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00159-3 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Intimate Partner Violence, PTSD, and Adverse Health Outcomes
Dutton, M. A., Green, B. L., Kaltman, S. I., Roesch, D. M., Zeffiro, T. A., & Krause, E. D. (2006) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260506289178 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Risk Indices Associated with the Insulin Resistance Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, and Possible Protection with Yoga: A Systematic Review
Innes, K. E., Bourguignon, C. M., & Taylor, A. G. (2005) · The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine · doi:10.3122/jabfm.18.6.491 · Cited by 432 · see citing works
Organisational justice and health of employees: prospective cohort study
Mika Kivimaki, B., Elovainio, M. J., Vahtera, J., & Ferrie, J. E. (2002) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oem.60.1.27 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Organisational downsizing, sickness absence, and mortality: 10-town prospective cohort study
Vahtera, J., Mika Kivimaki, B., Pentti, J., Linna, A., Virtanen, M., Virtanen, P., & Ferrie, J. E. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.37972.496262.0d · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Measuring community empowerment: a fresh look at organizational domains
Laverack, G. (2001) · Health Promotion International · doi:10.1093/heapro/16.2.179 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Psychosocial factors in the development of coronary artery disease
Strike, P. C., & Steptoe, A. (2004) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2003.09.001 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
Psychophysiological Reactivity: Mechanisms and Pathways to Cardiovascular Disease
Lovallo, W. R., & Gerin, W. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000033128.44101.c1 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Toward a Causal Model of Cardiovascular Responses to Stress and the Development of Cardiovascular Disease
Schwartz, A. R., Gerin, W., Davidson, K. W., Pickering, T. G., Brosschot, J. F., Thayer, J. F., Christenfeld, N., & Linden, W. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000046075.79922.61 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
The Social Psychology of Health Disparities
Schnittker, J., & McLeod, J. D. (2005) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.30.012703.110622 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
The Role of Rumination in Recovery from Reactivity: Cardiovascular Consequences of Emotional States
Glynn, L. M. (2002) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000031574.42041.23 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Effect of change in the psychosocial work environment on sickness absence: a seven year follow up of initially healthy employees
Vahtera, J., Mika Kivimaki, B., Pentti, J., & Theorell, T. (2000) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.54.7.484 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Reactivity to Psychological Challenge: Conceptual and Measurement Considerations
Kamarck, T. W., & Lovallo, W. R. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000030390.34416.3e · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Disease: in utero programming in the pathogenesis of hypertension
Barker, D. J. P., Bagby, S. P., & Hanson, M. A. (2006) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/ncpneph0344 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
The role of psychobiological pathways in socio-economic inequalities in cardiovascular disease risk
Steptoe, A. (2002) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1053/euhj.2001.2611 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Improving health outcomes through community empowerment: a review of the literature.
Laverack, G. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 277 · see citing works
The other side of the coin: Blunted cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity are associated with negative health outcomes
Phillips, A. C., Ginty, A. T., & Hughes, B. M. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.02.002 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Effects of Stress Reduction on Carotid Atherosclerosis in Hypertensive African Americans
Castillo-Richmond, A., Schneider, R. H., Alexander, C. N., Cook, R., Myers, H., Nidich, S., Haney, C., Rainforth, M., & Salerno, J. (2000) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.31.3.568 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
McEwen, B. S. (2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3077.003.0079 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Exaggerated Blood Pressure Responses During Mental Stress Are Associated With Enhanced Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Finnish Men
Kamarck, T. W., Everson‐Rose, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Manuck, S. B., Jennings, J. R., Salonen, R. M., & Salonen, J. T. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.11.3842 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Self-citation
Disasters and the Heart: a Review of the Effects of Earthquake-Induced Stress on Cardiovascular Disease
Kario, K., Bruce, S. M., & Thomas, G. P. (2003) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.26.355 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Psychologic Functioning and Physical Health: A Paradigm of Flexibility
Rozanski, A., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000164253.69550.49 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Exaggerated blood pressure responses during mental stress are prospectively related to enhanced carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged Finnish men
Jennings, J. R., Kamarck, T. W., Everson-Rose, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Manuck, S. B., & Salonen, J. T. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000143840.77061.e9 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association Between Work‐Related Stress and Coronary Heart Disease: A Review of Prospective Studies Through the Job Strain, Effort‐Reward Balance, and Organizational Justice Models
Sara, J. D. S., Prasad, M., Eleid, M. F., Zhang, M., Widmer, R. J., & Lerman, A. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.008073 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Effects of Lifestyle on Hemostasis, Fibrinolysis, and Platelet Reactivity: A Systematic Review
Lee, K. W., & Lip, G. Y. H. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.19.2368 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
High stress responsivity predicts later blood pressure only in combination with positive family history and high life stress
Light, K. C., Girdler, S. S., Sherwood, A., Bragdon, E. E., Brownley, K. A., West, S. G., & Hinderliter, A. L. (1999) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.33.6.1458 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Increased blood pressure reactions to acute mental stress are associated with 16-year cardiovascular disease mortality.
Carroll, D., Ginty, A., Der, G., Hunt, K., Benzeval, M., & Phillips, A. C. (2012) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01463.x · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Pathways: Socioeconomic Status and Stress Effects on Hypertension and Cardiovascular Function
Pickering, T. G. (1999) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08121.x · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Stress-Induced Blood Pressure Reactivity and Incident Stroke in Middle-Aged Men
Everson, S., Lynch, J., Kaplan, G., Lakka, T., Sivenius, J., & Salonen, J. (2001) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.32.6.1263 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Self-citation
Behavioral and Emotional Triggers of Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Systematic Review and Critique
Strike, P. C., & Steptoe, A. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000155663.93160.d2 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Job Insecurity and Health
McDonough, P. (2000) · International Journal of Health Services · doi:10.2190/bpfg-x3me-lhta-6rpv · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Cardiovascular manifestations of posttraumatic stress disorder.
(2007) · PubMed Central · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Programming of the stress response: a fundamental mechanism underlying the long‐term effects of the fetal environment?
Phillips, D. I. W. (2007) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01801.x · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Psychosocial Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease and Death in a Population-Based Cohort From 21 Low-, Middle-, and High-Income Countries
Santosa, A., Rosengren, A., Ramasundarahettige, C. F., Rangarajan, S., Güleç, S., Chifamba, J., Lear, S. A., Poirier, P., Yeates, K., Yusuf, R., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.38920 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
A tale of two mechanisms: A meta‐analytic approach toward understanding the autonomic basis of cardiovascular reactivity to acute psychological stress
Brindle, R. C., Ginty, A. T., Phillips, A. C., & Carroll, D. (2014) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12248 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Stress habituation, body shape and cardiovascular mortality
Peters, A., & McEwen, B. S. (2015) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.07.001 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Fetal programming of autonomic and HPA function: do people who were small babies have enhanced stress responses?
Phillips, D. I. W., & Jones, A. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.104695 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Blunted cardiovascular reactivity relates to depression, obesity, and self-reported health
Phillips, A. C. (2011) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.016 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-Reported Stress and Risk of Stroke
Truelsen, T. C., Rod, N. H., Boysen, G., & Grønbæk, M. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000062345.80774.40 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Cardiac autonomic reactivity and recovery in predicting carotid atherosclerosis: The cardiovascular risk in young finns study.
Heponiemi, T., Elovainio, M. J., Pulkki, L., Puttonen, S., Raitakari, O. T., & Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L. (2007) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.1.13 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) relate to blunted cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity to acute laboratory stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Brindle, R. C., Pearson, A., & Ginty, A. T. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104530 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Posttraumatic stress disorder, allostatic load, and medical illness.
Friedman, M. J., & McEwen, B. S. (2004) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10723-007 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Life Stress, Social Support and Coronary Heart Disease
Tennant, C. (1999) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/j.1440-1614.1999.00616.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Are Large Physiological Reactions to Acute Psychological Stress Always Bad for Health?
Carroll, D., Lovallo, W. R., & Phillips, A. C. (2009) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2009.00205.x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Standing at work and progression of carotid atherosclerosis
Krause, N., Lynch, J., Kaplan, G. A., Cohen, R., Salonen, R. M., & Salonen, J. T. (2000) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.536 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exploring the pathways leading from disadvantage to end-stage renal disease for Indigenous Australians
Cass, A., Cunningham, J., Snelling, P. L., Wang, Z., & Hoy, W. E. (2003) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(03)00243-0 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Job Strain and Early Atherosclerosis: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study
Hintsanen, M., Mika Kivimaki, B., Elovainio, M. J., Pulkki-Råbäck, L., Keskivaara, P., Juonala, M., Raitakari, O. T., & Keltikangas‐Järvinen, L. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000181271.04169.93 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Blunted cardiac stress reactivity relates to neural hypoactivation
Ginty, A. T., Gianaros, P. J., Derbyshire, S. W. G., Phillips, A. C., & Carroll, D. (2013) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12017 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Blood Pressure Reactions to Acute Mental Stress and Future Blood Pressure Status: Data From the 12-Year Follow-Up of the West of Scotland Study
Carroll, D., Phillips, A. C., Der, G., Hunt, K., & Benzeval, M. (2011) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3182359808 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Psychosocial Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Williams, R. B., Barefoot, J. C., & Schneiderman, N. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.16.2190 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Workplace Social Support and Ambulatory Cardiovascular Activity in New York City Traffic Agents
Karlin, W. A., Brondolo, E. N., & Schwartz, J. E. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000033122.09203.a3 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
A high fat meal increases cardiovascular reactivity to psychological stress in healthy young adults
Jakulj, F., Zernicke, K., Bacon, S. L., van Wielingen, L. E., Key, B. L., West, S. G., & Campbell, T. S. (2007) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/137.4.935 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Systolic blood pressure reactions to acute stress are associated with future hypertension status in the Dutch Famine Birth Cohort Study
Carroll, D., Ginty, A. T., Painter, R. C., Roseboom, T. J., Phillips, A. C., & de Rooij, S. R. (2012) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2012.04.001 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Negative social interactions and risk of mild cognitive impairment in old age
Wilson, R. S., Boyle, P. A., James, B. D., Leurgans, S. E., Buchman, A. S., & Bennett, D. A. (2015) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/neu0000154 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Cardiovascular Disease Morbidity in an Iowa Law Enforcement Cohort, Compared With the General Iowa Population
Franke, W. D., Collins, S. A., & Hinz, P. N. (1998) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/00043764-199805000-00006 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
SOCIAL LINKAGES TO BIOLOGICAL MARKERS OF HEALTH AMONG THE ELDERLY
Weinstein, M., Goldman, N., Hedley, A., Lin, Y.-H., & Seeman, T. (2003) · Journal of Biosocial Science · doi:10.1017/s0021932003004334 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
The effects of Neuroticism and Extraversion on cardiovascular reactivity during a mental and an emotional stress task
Jonassaint, C. R., Why, Y. P., Bishop, G. D., Tong, E. M. W., Diong, S. M., Enkelmann, H. C., Khader, M., & Ang, J. C. H. (2009) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2009.09.012 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Childhood Socioeconomic Status and Serotonin Transporter Gene Polymorphism Enhance Cardiovascular Reactivity to Mental Stress
Williams, R. B., Marchuk, D. A., Siegler, I. C., Barefoot, J. C., Helms, M. J., Brummett, B. H., Surwit, R. S., Lane, J. D., Kuhn, C. M., Gadde, K. M., et al. (2007) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31815f66c3 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Birth Weight, Stress, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Life
Phillips, D. I. W., Jones, A., & Goulden, P. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1367.027 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Overcommitment to Work Is Associated With Changes in Cardiac Sympathetic Regulation
Vrijkotte, T. G. M., van Doornen, L. J. P., & de Geus, E. J. C. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000138283.65547.78 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Relationship of behavioral and psychological symptoms to cognitive impairment and functional status in Alzheimer's disease
Harwood, D. G., Barker, W., Ownby, R. L., & Duara, R. (2000) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1166(200005)15:5 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
A Study of the Health-Related Quality of Life and Work-Related Stress of White-Collar Migrant Workers
Tsai, S.-Y. (2012) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph9103740 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Personality and Social Predictors of Atherosclerotic Progression: Edinburgh Artery Study
Whiteman, M. C., Deary, I. J., & Fowkes, F. G. R. (2000) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200009000-00015 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Effects of psychological hardiness, job demands, and job control on sickness absence: A prospective study.
Hystad, S. W., Eid, J., & Brevik, J. I. (2011) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022904 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Cardiovascular and cortisol reactions to acute psychological stress and cognitive ability in the D utch F amine B irth C ohort S tudy
Ginty, A. T., Phillips, A. C., Roseboom, T. J., Carroll, D., & de Rooij, S. R. (2011) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01316.x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Psychosocial and Biobehavioral Factors and Their Interplay in Coronary Heart Disease
Williams, R. B. (2008) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.4.022007.141237 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
The Metabolic Syndrome, Depression, and Cardiovascular Disease: Interrelated Conditions that Share Pathophysiologic Mechanisms
Gans, R. O. B. (2006) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2006.05.002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Progression in intima media thickness—the significance of hormonal biomarkers of chronic stress
Eller, N. H., Netterstrøm, B., & Allerup, P. (2005) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.01.005 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Reduced quality of life after myocardial infarction in women compared with men
Agewall, S., Berglund, M., & Henareh, L. (2004) · Clinical Cardiology · doi:10.1002/clc.4960270506 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Expressive/Suppressive Anger-Coping Responses, Gender, and Types of Mortality: a 17-Year Follow-Up (Tecumseh, Michigan, 1971-1988)
Harburg, E., Julius, M., Kaciroti, N., Gleiberman, L., & Schork, A. M. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000075974.19706.3b · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Type D personality and hemodynamic reactivity to laboratory stress in women
Howard, S., Hughes, B. M., & James, J. E. (2011) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2011.02.006 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cardiovascular and Cortisol Reactions to Acute Psychological Stress Under Conditions of High Versus Low Social Evaluative Threat
Bibbey, A., Carroll, D., Ginty, A. T., & Phillips, A. C. (2015) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000194 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Challenges for research and prevention in relation to work and cardiovascular diseases
Kristensen, T. S. (1999) · Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health · doi:10.5271/sjweh.479 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cynical hostility and carotid atherosclerosis in African American and white women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Heart Study
Everson‐Rose, S. A., Lewis, T. T., Karavolos, K., Matthews, K. A., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., & Powell, L. H. (2006) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2006.08.010 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Preliminary evidence that exercise dependence is associated with blunted cardiac and cortisol reactions to acute psychological stress.
Heaney, J., Ginty, A., Carroll, D., & Phillips, A. C. (2011) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.11.010 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Job stress and major coronary events: results from the Job Stress, Absenteeism and Coronary Heart Disease in Europe study
Kornitzer, M., deSmet, P., Sans, S., Dramaix, M., Boulenguez, C., DeBacker, G., Ferrario, M., Houtman, I. L. D., Isacsson, S., Östergren, P., et al. (2006) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/01.hjr.0000221865.19415.e9 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
The effects of the social environment on stress-related cardiovascular activation: Current findings, prospects, and implications
Kamarck, T. W., Peterman, A. H., & Raynor, D. A. (1998) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02886374 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Is the association between depression and blunted cardiovascular stress reactions mediated by perceptions of stress?
Brindle, R. C., Ginty, A. T., & Conklin, S. M. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.06.003 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Persistent high job demands and reactivity to mental stress predict future ambulatory blood pressure
Steptoe, A., & Cropley, M. (2000) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200018050-00011 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Experiences of Demand and Control in Daily Life as Correlates of Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in a Healthy Older Sample.
Kamarck, T. W., Muldoon, M. F., Shiffman, S. S., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., Gwaltney, C. J., & Janicki, D. L. (2004) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.23.1.24 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Introductory paper: Cardiovascular reactivity at a crossroads: Where are we now?
Phillips, A. C., & Hughes, B. M. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.03.003 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Cortisol in urine and saliva: relations to the intima media thickness, IMT
Eller, N. H., Netterstrøm, B., & Hansen, Å. M. (2001) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(01)00487-7 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Cardiovascular reactivity during social and nonsocial stressors: Do children's personal goals and expressive skills matter?
Chen, E., Matthews, K. A., Salomon, K., & Ewart, C. K. (2002) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.21.1.16 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Anticipatory Blood Pressure Responses to Exercise Are Associated With Left Ventricular Mass in Finnish Men
Kamarck, T. W., Eränen, J., Jennings, J. R., Manuck, S. B., Everson‐Rose, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., & Salonen, J. T. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.12.1394 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citation
Hypertension and the Reactivity Hypothesis: The Next Generation
Light, K. C. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200109000-00007 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Emotions and Cognitions in Coronary Heart Disease: Risk, Resilience, and Social Context
Gallo, L. C., Ghaed, S. G., & Bracken, W. S. (2004) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/b:cotr.0000045571.11566.19 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Psychological and Psychiatric Triggers and Risk Factors for Stroke
Guiraud, V., & Touzé, E. (2013) · Neuropsychiatric symptoms of neurological disease · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-2428-3_12 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Perceived Stress Is Associated with Subclinical Cerebrovascular Disease in Older Adults
Aggarwal, N. T., Clark, C. J., Beck, T. L., de Leon, C. F. M., DeCarli, C. S., Evans, D. A., & Everson‐Rose, S. A. (2013) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2012.06.001 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Chronic stress and insulin resistance-related indices of cardiovascular disease risk, part I: neurophysiological responses and pathological sequelae.
Innes, K. E., Vincent, H. K., & Taylor, A. G. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 43 · see citing works

Workplace Demands, Economic Reward, and Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis
Lynch, J. W., Krause, N., Kaplan, G. A., Salonen, R. M., & Salonen, J. T. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.1.302 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exaggerated blood pressure responses during mental stress are prospectively related to enhanced carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged Finnish men
Jennings, J. R., Kamarck, T. W., Everson-Rose, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Manuck, S. B., & Salonen, J. T. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000143840.77061.e9 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Self-citation
Psychological stress and the progression of carotid artery disease
Barnett, P. A., Spence, J. D., Manuck, S. B., & Jennings, J. R. (1997) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-199715010-00004 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Work-related psychosocial factors and carotid atherosclerosis
Rosvall, M., Östergren, P.-O., Hedblad, B., Isacsson, S.-O., Janzon, L., & Berglund, G. (2002) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/31.6.1169 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Exaggerated Blood Pressure Responses During Mental Stress Are Associated With Enhanced Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Finnish Men
Kamarck, T. W., Everson‐Rose, S. A., Kaplan, G. A., Manuck, S. B., Jennings, J. R., Salonen, R. M., & Salonen, J. T. (1997) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.96.11.3842 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Self-citation

Authors: Everson, S. A., Lynch, J. W., Chesney, M. A., Kaplan, G. A., Goldberg, D. E., Shade, S. B., Cohen, R. D., Salonen, R., & Salonen, J. T.
Affiliations: Human Population Laboratory (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
University of Eastern Finland (FI)
ORCID: Lynch, John W
Kaplan, George A
Shade, Starley B
Venue: BMJ
Publisher: BMJ
Published: 1997-02-22
Volume: 314
Issue: 7080
Pages: 553
ISSN: 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
0959-8138
1468-5833
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.314.7080.553
PMC: PMC2126071
OpenAlex: W2007497220
Cited by: 232
References: 100
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 7.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
Locations: BMJ (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
Funders: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (HS06516)
University of Dundee
British Heart Foundation (HS06516)
Health and Safety Executive
Academy of Finland
Medical Research Council (HS06516)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-44199, HS06516, HL36310, R01HL044199)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Workplace Health and Well-being
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Keywords: carotid atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis progression, job demands, occupational stress, blood pressure reactivity, cardiovascular reactivity, intima-media thickness, carotid plaque, middle-aged men, ischemic heart disease, atherogenesis, psychological stress, risk factor interactions, blood pressure response to exercise, carotid artery stenosis, Eastern Finland
MeSH terms: Adult, Arteriosclerosis, Blood Pressure, Carotid Artery Diseases, Exercise Test, Finland, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Life Style, Male, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases, Stress, Psychological, Carotid Stenosis, Workplace, Myocardial Ischemia, Disease Progression

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Interaction of workplace demands and cardiovascular reactivity in progression of carotid atherosclerosis: population based study

Abstract

Integrity signals

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Cites

Cited by

Related

Record

About these checks