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Cited by 593Breast Cancer Treatment StudiesCancer Risks and FactorsBreast Lesions and Carcinomas

Triple-negative breast cancer: epidemiological considerations and recommendations

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Boyle, P.·2012·Annals of Oncology
DOI 10.1093/annonc/mds187
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Abstract

Breast cancer is a major problem for global public health. Breast Cancer is the most common incident form of cancer in women around the world. The incidence is increasing while mortality is declining in many high-income countries. The last decade has seen a revolution in the understanding of breast cancer, with new classifications proposed that have significant prognostic value and provide guides to treatment options. Breast cancers that demonstrate the absence of oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and no overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) are referred to as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). There is now evidence emerging from epidemiological studies regarding important characteristics of this group of tumours that carry a relatively poorer prognosis than the major breast cancer sub-types. From this review of available data and information, there are some consistent findings that emerge. Women with TNBC experience the peak risk of recurrence within 3 years of diagnosis, and the mortality rates appear to be increased for 5 years after diagnosis. TNBC represents 10%-20% of invasive breast cancers and has been associated with African-American race, deprivation status, younger age at diagnosis, more advanced disease stage, higher grade, high mitotic indices, family history of breast cancer and BRCA1 mutations. TNBC is regularly reported to be three times more common in women of African descent and in pre-menopausal women, and carries a poorer prognosis than other forms of breast cancer. Although prospects for prevention of non-hormone-dependent breast cancer are currently poor, it is still important to understand the aetiology of such tumours. There remains a great deal of work to be done to arrive at a comprehensive picture of the aetiology of breast cancer. Key recommendations are that there is a clear and urgent need to have more epidemiological studies of the breast cancer sub-types to integrate aetiological and lifestyle factors for prevention of incidence and death, and to have more population-based information of the clinical and biological relevance from cancer registries.

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Authors
Boyle, P.
Affiliations
International Prevention Research Institute (FR)
Corresponding author
Boyle, P.
ORCID
Boyle, P.
Venue
Annals of Oncology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-08
Volume
23
Pages
vi7-vi12
ISSN
0923-7534 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/annonc/mds187
OpenAlex
W2115727543
Cited by
593
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 49 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 59 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 60 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 16
FWCI
2.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Annals of Oncology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Breast Cancer Treatment Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Breast Lesions and Carcinomas
Keywords
triple-negative breast cancer, breast cancer epidemiology, prognosis, recurrence, African American women, socioeconomic deprivation, age at diagnosis, BRCA1 mutation, family history of breast cancer, tumor grade, mitotic index, disease stage, breast cancer aetiology, cancer prevention, cancer registry, breast cancer subtypes
MeSH terms
Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Receptors, Estrogen, Receptors, Progesterone, Risk Factors, Erb-b2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases, Racial Groups

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