Rare EGFR exon 18 and exon 20 mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer on 10 117 patients: a multicentre observational study by the French ERMETIC-IFCT network
Open accessAbstract
Background There is scarce data available about epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations other than common exon 19 deletions and exon 21 (L858R) mutations.Patients and methods EGFR exon 18 and/or exon 20 mutations were collected from 10 117 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples analysed at 15 French National Cancer Institute (INCa)-platforms of the ERMETIC-IFCT network.Results Between 2008 and 2011, 1047 (10%) samples were EGFR-mutated, 102 (10%) with rare mutations: 41 (4%) in exon 18, 49 (5%) in exon 20, and 12 (1%) with other EGFR mutations. Exon 20 mutations were related to never-smoker status, when compared with exon 18 mutations (P < 0.001). Median overall survival (OS) of metastatic disease was 21 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 12-24], worse in smokers than in non-smoker patients with exon 20 mutations (12 versus 21 months; hazard ratio [HR] for death 0.27, 95% CI 0.08-0.87, P = 0.03). Under EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), median OS was 14 months (95% CI 6-21); disease control rate was better for complex mutations (6 of 7, 86%) than for single mutations (16 of 40, 40%) (P = 0.03).Conclusions Rare EGFR-mutated NSCLCs are heterogeneous, with resistance of distal exon 20 insertions and better sensitivity of exon 18 or complex mutations to EGFR-TKIs, probably requiring individual assessment.
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Uncommon mutations within exons 18-21 are present in up to 23% of EGFRm+ NSCLC tumors.
“Uncommon mutations within exons 18–21 are present in up to 23% of EGFRm+ NSCLC tumors.69–75”
From Afatinib for the treatment of <i>EGFR</i> mutation-positive NSCLC: A review of clinical findings (2020) · cites this paper as [69]
The EGFR mutation frequency section reports rare exon 18 and 20 mutations in 102 of 1,047 EGFR-mutated NSCLC samples (10%). This supports the presence of uncommon mutations but not the stated upper frequency of 23% or a frequency estimate covering all uncommon mutations across exons 18–21. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredData from the French ERMETIC-IFCT network reported poorer outcome for patients harboring exon 20 insertions, with the exception of more proximal mutations, compared with complex mutations and exon 18 mutations.
“Data from the French ERMETIC-IFCT network reported similar findings, with poorer outcome for patients harboring exon 20 insertions, with the exception of more proximal mutations, compared with complex mutations and exon 18 mutations [105].”
From A decade of EGFR inhibition in EGFR-mutated non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Old successes and future perspectives (2015) · cites this paper as [105]
Several studies have shown that 1G EGFR-TKI are less effective in patients with NSCLC harboring uncommon EGFR mutations compared with patients harboring common EGFR mutations.
“Several studies, although very small, have shown that 1G EGFR‐TKI are less effective in patients with NSCLC harboring such uncommon EGFR mutations, compared with patients harboring common EGFR mutations.”
Many studies have shown that uncommon EGFR mutations are less sensitive to 1G EGFR-TKIs (objective response rate less than 50%) compared with common EGFR mutations.
“many studies have shown that these uncommon EGFR mutations were less sensitive to 1G EGFR‐TKI (objective response rate, less than 50%), compared with common EGFR mutations.18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26”
The present findings are consistent with previous clinical and in vitro studies.
“These findings are consistent with previous clinical and in vitro studies.18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 37, 38, 39”
Considering these findings, afatinib might be optimal for patients with NSCLC harboring EGFR uncommon mutations including exon 18 mutations, L861Q and S768I in clinical settings.
“Considering these findings including our studies, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 41 afatinib might be optimal for patients with NSCLC harboring the EGFR uncommon mutations including exon 18 mutations, L861Q and S768I in clinical settings.”
Objective response rate to first-generation TKIs in patients with G719X tumors as a single mutation and Del18 were only 32% and 25%, respectively.
“ORR to 1G‐TKI in patients with G719X‐tumors as a single mutation and Del18 were only 32% and 25%, respectively (Table 3).29, 61, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73”
From Not all epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer are created equal: Perspectives for individualized treatment strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
Insertional mutations in exon 20 (Ins20) account for 5.8% (134/2307) of all EGFR mutations and consist of 44 types of mutations.
“Insertional mutations in exon 20 (Ins 20) account for 5.8% (134/2307) of all EGFR mutations and, based on our survey, consist of 44 types of mutations (Fig. 1).59, 60, 61, 62”
From Not all epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer are created equal: Perspectives for individualized treatment strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
In a compilation of data on treatment response to first-generation TKIs, objective response rate for Ins20 was only 17% (10/59).
“In a compilation of data on the treatment response to 1G‐TKI, ORR was only 17% (10/59) (Table 3).61, 62, 63, 64, 65”
From Not all epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer are created equal: Perspectives for individualized treatment strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
G719X, Del18 and E709X are present in 3.1% (100/3186), 0.3% (9/3186) and 0.3% (9/3186) of EGFR mutations, respectively.
“These genotypes are present in 3.1% (100/3186), 0.3% (9/3186) and 0.3% (9/3186), respectively (Fig. 1).29, 61, 69”
From Not all epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer are created equal: Perspectives for individualized treatment strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
Objective response rate to first-generation TKIs in S768I and L861Q tumors were only 42% and 39%, respectively.
“ORR to 1G‐TKI in S768I and L861Q tumors were only 42 and 39%, respectively (Table 3).26, 29, 61, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80”
From Not all epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in lung cancer are created equal: Perspectives for individualized treatment strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [61]
There are fewer data on EGFR TKI activity for uncommon EGFR mutations, which occur in about 10% of patients.
“There are fewer data regarding activity of EGFR TKIs for uncommon EGFR mutations, which are found in approximately 10% of patients.[60][61][62]”
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- Authors
- Beau-Faller, M., Prim, N., Ruppert, A.-M., Nanni-Metéllus, I., Lacave, R., Lacroix, L., Escande, F., Lizard, S., Pretet, J.-L., Rouquette, I., de Crémoux, P., Solassol, J., de Fraipont, F., Bièche, I., Cayre, A., Favre-Guillevin, E., Tomasini, P., Wislez, M., Besse, B., Legrain, M., Voegeli, A.-C., Baudrin, L., Morin, F., Zalcman, G., Quoix, E., Blons, H., & Cadranel, J.
- Affiliations
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (FR)
- Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris (FR)
- Hôpital Tenon (FR)
- Institut Gustave Roussy (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille (FR)
- Centre Georges François Leclerc (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (FR)
- Hôpital René Huguenin (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand (FR)
- Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou (FR)
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (FR)
- Intergroupe Francophone de Cancérologie Thoracique (FR)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Annals of Oncology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 126-131
- ISSN
- 0923-7534 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3868323
- OpenAlex
- W2113521542
- Cited by
- 324
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 16.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Annals of Oncology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- French
- National Cancer Institute
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- EGFR mutation, exon 18 mutations, exon 20 insertion, non-small cell lung cancer, uncommon EGFR mutations, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, smoking status, never smokers, overall survival, disease control rate
- MeSH terms
- Adenocarcinoma, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antineoplastic Agents, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Exons, Female, Gene Frequency, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Disease-Free Survival, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Young Adult, Genetic Association Studies, ErbB Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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