Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review

Evelin, Heikham; Kapoor, Rupam; Giri, Bhoopander

doi:10.1093/aob/mcp251

Cited by 1,083Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant InteractionsPlant Stress Responses and TolerancePlant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review

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Evelin, Heikham, Kapoor, Rupam, Giri, Bhoopander·2009·Annals of Botany

DOI 10.1093/aob/mcp251PMC PMC2778396

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Salt stress has become a major threat to plant growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonize plant root systems and modulate plant growth in various ways. SCOPE: This review addresses the significance of arbuscular mycorrhiza in alleviation of salt stress and their beneficial effects on plant growth and productivity. It also focuses on recent progress in unravelling biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms in mycorrhizal plants to alleviate salt stress. CONCLUSIONS: The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviating salt stress is well documented. This paper reviews the mechanisms arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi employ to enhance the salt tolerance of host plants such as enhanced nutrient acquisition (P, N, Mg and Ca), maintenance of the K(+) : Na(+) ratio, biochemical changes (accumulation of proline, betaines, polyamines, carbohydrates and antioxidants), physiological changes (photosynthetic efficiency, relative permeability, water status, abscissic acid accumulation, nodulation and nitrogen fixation), molecular changes (the expression of genes: PIP, Na(+)/H(+) antiporters, Lsnced, Lslea and LsP5CS) and ultra-structural changes. Theis review identifies certain lesser explored areas such as molecular and ultra-structural changes where further research is needed for better understanding of symbiosis with reference to salt stress for optimum usage of this technology in the field on a large scale. This review paper gives useful benchmark information for the development and prioritization of future research programmes.

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Microorganisms, and especially mycorrhiza, play crucial roles in plant resistance to drought and osmotic stress and the tolerance against episodes of freezing and thawing.
“Microorganisms, and especially mycorrhiza, also play crucial roles in plant resistance to drought and osmotic stress and the tolerance against episodes of freezing and thawing.”
From Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe—A vision how to mobilize marginal lands (2018) · cites this paper as Evelin et al., 2009
Established mechanisms include the mycelium, which has a smaller diameter than root hairs and therefore better access to bound water, and various mechanisms protecting the mycorrhizal fungus from osmotic stress, such as accumulation of osmolytes, surface hydrophobicity and bacterial secretion of exopolysaccharides.
“Established mechanisms include the mycelium, which has a smaller diameter than root hairs and therefore better access to bound water (Lehto and Zwiazek, 2011) and various mechanisms protecting the mycorrhizal fungus (and therefore also the plant root) from osmotic stress, such as accumulation of osmolytes (mannitol, trehalose); surface hydrophobicity and bacterial secretion of exopolysaccharides (”
From Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe—A vision how to mobilize marginal lands (2018) · cites this paper as Evelin et al., 2009

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Authors: Evelin, H., Kapoor, R., & Giri, B.
Affiliations: University of Delhi (IN)
ORCID: Kapoor, Rupam
Giri, Bhoopander
Venue: Annals of Botany
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2009-10-08
Volume: 104
Issue: 7
Pages: 1263-1280
ISSN: 0305-7364 (ISSN-L)
1095-8290
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp251
PMC: PMC2778396
OpenAlex: W2131136324
Cited by: 1,083
References: 219
Citations by year: 2026: 43 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 74 · 2021: 94 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 94 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 60 · 2012: 40
FWCI: 2.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Annals of Botany (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant-Microbe Interactions and Immunity
Keywords: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, salt stress, salt tolerance, plant-microbe symbiosis, nutrient acquisition, Na+/K+ ratio, proline accumulation, betaine, polyamines, antioxidants, photosynthetic efficiency, water status, abscisic acid, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, PIP aquaporins, Na+/H+ antiporter, gene expression
MeSH terms: Sodium Chloride, Soil Microbiology, Stress, Physiological, Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers, Magnoliopsida, Mycorrhizae, Salinity

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in alleviation of salt stress: a review

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