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Interplay between miRNAs and host genes and their role in cancer

Liu, Baohong, Shyr, Yu, Cai, Jianping, Liu, Qi·2019·Briefings in Functional Genomics
DOI 10.1093/bfgp/elz002PMC PMC6609535
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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous non-coding functional RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. They play essential roles in nearly all biological processes including cell development and differentiation, DNA damage repair, cell death as well as intercellular communication. They are highly involved in cancer, acting as tumor suppressors and/or promoters to modulate cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor invasion and metastasis. Recent studies have shown that more than half of miRNAs are located within protein-coding or non-coding genes. Intragenic miRNAs and their host genes either share the promoter or have independent transcription. Meanwhile, miRNAs work as partners or antagonists of their host genes by fine-tuning their target genes functionally associated with host genes. This review outlined the complicated relationship between intragenic miRNAs and host genes. Focusing on miRNAs known as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in specific cancer types, it studied co-expression relationships between these miRNAs and host genes in the cancer types using TCGA data sets, which validated previous findings and revealed common, tumor-specific and even subtype-specific patterns. These observations will help understand the function of intragenic miRNAs and further develop miRNA therapeutics in cancer.

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Figure 1 Intragenic miRNA classification. miRNA categories are defined based on their locations relative to exon, intron and gene regions.
Figure 1 Intragenic miRNA classification. miRNA categories are defined based on their locations relative to exon, intron and gene regions.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Pie chart of miRNA categories.
Figure 2 Pie chart of miRNA categories.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Scatter plot of expression abundance of miR-21 and its host gene VMP1 in multiple cancers.
Figure 3 Scatter plot of expression abundance of miR-21 and its host gene VMP1 in multiple cancers.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Scatter plot of expression abundance of miR-338 and its host gene AATK in ER/PR/HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers.
Figure 4 Scatter plot of expression abundance of miR-338 and its host gene AATK in ER/PR/HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancers.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Liu, B., Shyr, Y., Cai, J., & Liu, Q.
Affiliations
  • State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
  • Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
Venue
Briefings in Functional Genomics
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2019-02-20
Volume
18
Issue
4
Pages
255-266
ISSN
2041-2657
DOI
10.1093/bfgp/elz002
PMC
PMC6609535
Cited by
137
References
3
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Innovative Special Project of Agricultural Sci-Tech (CAASASTIP-2014-LVRI-09)

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