Cited by 632Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPain Mechanisms and TreatmentsPain Management and Opioid Use

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 83 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Chronic pain epidemiology and its clinical relevance

Open access

van Hecke, O, Torrance, N, Smith, B.H.·2013·British Journal of Anaesthesia

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Chronic pain affects ∼20% of the European population and is commoner in women, older people, and with relative deprivation. Its management in the community remains generally unsatisfactory, partly because of lack of evidence for effective interventions. Epidemiological study of chronic pain, through an understanding of its distribution and determinants, can inform the development, targeting, and evaluation of interventions in the general population. This paper reviews current knowledge of risk markers associated with chronic pain and considers how these might inform management and prevention. Risk factors include socio-demographic, clinical, psychological, and biological factors. These are relevant to our understanding of chronic pain mechanisms and the nature of, and responses to, current and future treatments.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/bja/aet123

Cites

81 of 81 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Survey of chronic pain in Europe: Prevalence, impact on daily life, and treatment
Breivik, H., Collett, B., Ventafridda, V., Cohen, R., & Gallacher, D. (2006) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2005.06.009 · Cited by 5,486
Classification of Chronic Pain: Descriptions of Chronic Pain Syndromes and Definitions of Pain Terms
Merskey, H. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,362
Human brain mechanisms of pain perception and regulation in health and disease
Apkarian, A. V., Bushnell, M. C., Treede, R., & Zubieta, J. (2005) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2004.11.001 · Cited by 3,126
Classification of chronic pain
Merskey, H. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,952
A Dictionary of Epidemiology
Porta, M. (2026) · doi:10.1093/acref/9780197663639.001.0001 · Cited by 2,175
Intimate partner violence and women's physical and mental health in the WHO multi-country study on women's health and domestic violence: an observational study
Ellsberg, M., Jansen, H. A., Heise, L., Watts, C. H., & Garcia-Moreno, C. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60522-x · Cited by 1,820
Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial
Hill, J. C., Whitehurst, D. G., Lewis, M., Bryan, S., Dunn, K. M., Foster, N. E., Konstantinou, K., Main, C. J., Mason, E., Somerville, S., et al. (2011) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60937-9 · Cited by 1,306
The epidemiology of chronic pain in the community
Elliott, A. M., Smith, B. H., Penny, K. I., Smith, W. C., & Chambers, W. A. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)03057-3 · Cited by 1,191
Self-citation
A Comprehensive Review of the Placebo Effect: Recent Advances and Current Thought
Price, D. D., Finniss, D. G., & Benedetti, F. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.113006.095941 · Cited by 1,146
Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report
Greenspan, J. D., Craft, R. M., LeResche, L., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Berkley, K. J., Fillingim, R. B., Gold, M. S., Holdcroft, A., Lautenbacher, S., Mayer, E. A., et al. (2007) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.014 · Cited by 1,033

Show all 83 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 629

#MindinBody - feasibility of vigorous exercise (Bikram yoga versus high intensity interval training) to improve persistent pain in women with a history of trauma: a pilot randomized control trial
Flehr, A., Barton, C., Coles, J. Y., Gibson, S. J., Lambert, G. W., Lambert, É., Dhar, A. K., & Dixon, J. B. (2019) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12906-019-2642-1 · Cited by 9
“73 times more likely to be diagnosed with chronic pelvic pain [4] and that such effects appear to be additional to those of physical injury-related pain [5].”
Background
Analgesic effect of central relaxin receptor activation on persistent inflammatory pain in mice: behavioral and neurochemical data
Abboud, C., Brochoire, L., Drouet, A., Hossain, M. A., Hleihel, W., Gundlach, A. L., & Landry, M. (2021) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000937 · Cited by 8
“Unfortunately, chronic pain and its comorbidities are poorly managed clinically, with 40% of patients not receiving adequate treatment.(7,8,70,71) In the brain, changes in the excitation–inhibition balance alter how neurons and microcircuits integrate and respond to chronic nociceptive information.”
Background
Exploring the terminological validity of ‘chronic pain’ nursing diagnosis: A retrospective descriptive study using nursing diaries
Ramacciati, N., Metlichin, E., & Giusti, G. D. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16871 · Cited by 8
Does opioid therapy enhance quality of life in patients suffering from chronic non-malignant pain? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Kraft, K. V. L., Backmund, T., Eberhart, L. H. J., Schubert, A., Dinges, H., Hagen, M. K., & Gehling, M. (2023) · British Journal of Pain · doi:10.1177/20494637231216352 · Cited by 8
“83,84 This may limit the external validity of this review.”
Background
Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Measure Serious and Common Quality of Life Issues for Patients Experiencing Small Bowel Obstructions
Rice, A. D., Wakefield, L. B., Patterson, K., Reed, E. D., Wurn, B. F., Klingenberg, B., King, C., & Wurn, L. J. (2014) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare2010139 · Cited by 8
“There were clear differences between the two groups in all domains except pain and medication, which was to be expected, based upon published studies outlying the large percentage of the normal population with chronic pain [18–20].”
BackgroundResult
The Impact of Childhood Emotional Abuse on Pain Interference Among People with Chronic Pain who Inject Drugs in Vancouver, Canada
Prangnell, A., Shoveller, J., Voon, P., Shulha, H. P., Grant, C. C., Milloy, M., Kerr, T. H., & Hayashi, K. (2019) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnz233 · Cited by 10
The current practice of social work in pain management: a scoping review on chronic disease
King, J. A., Tupper, S. M., Fletcher, K., Brose, K., & Goodridge, D. M. (2021) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1080/00981389.2021.1878318 · Cited by 8
“…for individuals living with chronic diseases usually incorporates pharmacological, psychological, physical, and selfmanagement techniques offered within a multi-disciplinary or interdisciplinary team context (International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), 2017b; Van Hecke et al., 2013).”
Background
Factors Associated with Pain at the End-of-Life Among Older Adults in Mexico
samper-Ternent, R., Gonzalez-Gonzalez, C., Zazueta, J. D., & Wong, R. (2021) · Public Health · doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2020.11.025 · Cited by 8
Association of 3 CDC opioid prescription guidelines for chronic pain and 2 payer pharmacy coverage changes on opioid initiation practices
Togun, A. T., Karaca‐Mandic, P., Wurtz, R. M., Jeffrey, M. M., & Beebe, T. J. (2021) · Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy · doi:10.18553/jmcp.2021.27.10.1352 · Cited by 8
Telmisartan Is a Promising Agent for Managing Neuropathic Pain and Delaying Opioid Analgesic Tolerance in Rats
Karádi, D. Á., Galambos, A. R., Lakatos, P. P., Apenberg, J., Abbood, S. K., Balogh, M., Király, K. P., Riba, P., Essmat, N., Szűcs, E., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24097970 · Cited by 8
Home-Based Treatment for Chronic Pain Combining Neuromodulation, Computer-Assisted Training, and Telemonitoring in Patients With Breast Cancer: Protocol for a Rehabilitative Study
Conti, L., Marzorati, C., Grasso, R., Ferrucci, R., Priori, A., Mameli, F., Ruggiero, F., & Pravettoni, G. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/49508 · Cited by 9
“Chronic pain is related to a multitude of pathological conditions, with a prevalence of 20% to 30% in Europe, and it is considered one of the major health and social problems that our society is facing [1,2].”
The psychosocial context of chronic pain in people living with HIV
Scott, W. (2019) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000721 · Cited by 8
“The psychosocial context of chronic pain in people living with HIV.”
Background
A Low‐Frequency Pulsed Magnetic Field Reduces Neuropathic Pain by Regulating NaV1.8 and NaV1.9 Sodium Channels at the Transcriptional Level in Diabetic Rats
Coşkun, Ç., Öcal, I., & Günay, İ. (2021) · Bioelectromagnetics · doi:10.1002/bem.22343 · Cited by 8
10-kHz High-Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation for Adults With Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Health Technology Assessment.
(2020) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 8
Barriers to chronic pain management in community-dwelling low-income older adults: Home-visiting nurses’ perspectives
Park, H., Park, E., & Park, J. (2015) · Collegian Journal of the Royal College of Nursing Australia · doi:10.1016/j.colegn.2015.05.002 · Cited by 9
Prevalence of chronic pain and its risk factors until one year after intensive care unit discharge. A single-center prospective observational study
Mottet, B., Cayla, C., Bernard, T., Léger, M., Campfort, M., & Lasocki, S. (2025) · Intensive and Critical Care Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.iccn.2025.103969 · Cited by 7
Effects of exercise on depression and anxiety in patients with chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Wu, P., Chen, X.-X., Wang, S., Chen, X.-X., & Liu, J. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.119630 · Cited by 9
Anti-hypersensitivity effects of the phthalimide derivative N-(4methyl-phenyl)-4-methylphthalimide in different pain models in mice
da Silva, G. F., dos Anjos, M. F., Rocha, L. W., Ferreira, L. F., Stiz, D. S., Corrêa, R., Santin, J. R., Filho, V. C., Hernandes, M. Z., & Quintão, N. L. M. (2017) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.048 · Cited by 7
Prolonged-release oxycodone/naloxone reduces opioid-induced constipation and improves quality of life in laxative-refractory patients: results of an observational study
Bantel, C., Tripathi, S. S., Molony, D., Heffernan, T., Oommans, S., Mehta, V., & Dickerson, S. (2018) · Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology · doi:10.2147/ceg.s143913 · Cited by 7
The relationship between childhood emotional abuse and chronic pain among people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada
Prangnell, A., Voon, P., Shulha, H. P., Nosova, E., Shoveller, J., Milloy, M., Kerr, T. H., & Hayashi, K. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.05.006 · Cited by 7
Physician-Delivered Pain Neuroscience Education for Opioid Tapering: A Case Report
Agarwal, V., Louw, A., & Puentedura, E. J. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17093324 · Cited by 7
“It is also reported to affect approximately 20% of the European population (about 150 million) and it is more prevalent in women, older people, and those of lower socio-economic status [3].”
Background
Chronic Pain and Fear-Avoidance Beliefs: A Narrative Review
Panhale, V. P., Walankar, P. P., & Khedekar, S. S. (2021) · International Journal of Health Sciences and Research · doi:10.52403/ijhsr.20210634 · Cited by 7
“[3,4] A recently published study stated that the prevalence of chronic pain is 19.”
Background
Exercise reduces pain behavior and pathological changes in dorsal root ganglia induced by systemic inflammation in mice
Feldman‐Goriachnik, R., Blum, E., & Menachem Hanani, A. (2022) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136616 · Cited by 7
IV. Managing chronic pain: a clinical challenge: new SIGN guidelines provide a practical evidence-based approach and identify research gaps
Colvin, L., Stein, A., & Smith, B. H. (2013) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aet470 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
A data science approach to the selection of most informative readouts of the human intradermal capsaicin pain model to assess pregabalin effects
Lötsch, J., Walter, C., Zunftmeister, M., Zinn, S., Wolters, M. C., Ferreirós, N., Roßmanith, T., Oertel, B. G., & Geißlinger, G. (2019) · Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.1111/bcpt.13337 · Cited by 7
Predicting SF-6Dv2 utility scores for chronic low back pain using the Oswestry Disability Index and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire
Poder, T. G., & Carrier, N. (2020) · Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research · doi:10.1080/14737167.2020.1755261 · Cited by 7
Systematic Review of the Psychopathological Symptomatology and Neuropsychological Disorders of Chronic Primary Musculoskeletal Pain
Arévalo‐Martínez, A., Barbosa‐Torres, C., Manso, J. M. M., Cordero, P. C., Sánchez, M. E. G.-B., & Díaz‐Muñoz, C. L. (2024) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare12151465 · Cited by 6
A cross-sectional study exploring relationships between triglyceride glucose index, atherogenic index of plasma, and chronic pain: NHANES 1999–2004
Yan, Z., Zhang, H., Liu, S., Cui, J., Zhu, Y., Zhao, G., Liu, R., & Cui, R. (2025) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-025-02496-8 · Cited by 6
Cerebral peak alpha frequency: Associations with chronic pain onset and pain modulation
Huber, F. A., Kell, P. A., Shadlow, J. O., & Rhudy, J. L. (2025) · Neurobiology of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ynpai.2025.100180 · Cited by 6
“Chronic pain is a major public health issue, with prevalence rates estimated to be around 20 % (Treede et al., 2015; Tunks et al., 2008; van Hecke et al., 2013) and rising (Dahlhamer et al., 2018; Von Korff et al., 2020).”
Expectations of treatment outcome in complex cases of patients with chronic pain: A study on the DATA PAIN cohort
Waardenburg, S. F., de Meij, N., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Zundert, J. H. M. V., & Brouwer, B. A. (2023) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13274 · Cited by 5
Pain science and practice as a ‘threshold concept’ within undergraduate and pre-registration physiotherapy education: a jewel of the curriculum?
Smart, K. M. (2023) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-023-04733-z · Cited by 6
Cross-sectional study of psychiatric disorders in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and individuals without pain
Duque, R. H., Andrade, C. V. C., Campos, V. R., Moulaz, I. R., Albertino, L. F., & Gavi, M. B. R. D. O. (2024) · Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia · doi:10.1186/s42358-024-00375-x · Cited by 10
“There is a growing body of research demonstrating that chronic pain is more common among people who report a history of abuse and/or violence at any age, both in domestic and public settings [28, 46].”
Background
Occupational life trajectories in the context of chronic pain and immigration
Mårtensson, L., & Liedberg, G. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.3109/11038128.2015.1130167 · Cited by 6
“A review of the epidemiology of chronic pain [9] summarizes socio-demographic”
Background
Exploration of candidate serum biomarkers potentially related to the chronic pain condition in Medication–overuse headache
Pellesi, L., Bellei, E., Guérzoni, S., Cainazzo, M. M., Baraldi, C., Monari, E., & Pini, L. A. (2019) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-019-1469-1 · Cited by 6
Chronic Pain and Related Factors in Patients Aged ≥80 Years
Özkök, S. (2019) · European Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology · doi:10.4274/ejgg.galenos.2019.226 · Cited by 6
The therapeutic potential of etoricoxib in clinical practice
Karateev, A. E. (2020) · Modern Rheumatology Journal · doi:10.14412/1996-7012-2020-1-108-117 · Cited by 6
Consensus on functional assessment of chronic pain in primary care: a Delphi study
de la Rosa, D., Sanz-Ayan, P., Alcantara, A., Margarit, C., Sanchez, J. M. B., Sanfeliu, M., Aleo, A., & experts, C. P. O. (2021) · Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.1080/03007995.2021.1978416 · Cited by 6
Chronic Pain: Among Tertiary Care Psychiatric Out-Patients in Singapore—Prevalence and Associations with Psychiatric Disorders
Satghare, P., Abdin, E., Hombali, A. S., Teh, W. L., Samari, E., Chua, B. Y., Verma, S. K., Mok, Y. M., Chong, S. A., & Subramaniam, M. (2022) · Pain Research and Management · doi:10.1155/2022/1825132 · Cited by 7
“Research has shown that chronic secondary pain is more common among individuals with other underlying disease conditions than chronic primary pain [7, 8].”
Background
Laser-Evoked Potentials in Fibromyalgia: The Influence of Greater Occipital Nerve Stimulation on Cerebral Pain Processing
Plazier, M., Ost, J., Snijders, E., Gilbers, M., Vancamp, T., Ridder, D. D., & Vanneste, S. (2015) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.12310 · Cited by 6
Performance and quality indicators for the management of non-cancer chronic pain: a scoping review protocol
Zidarov, D., Visca, R., Gogovor, A., & Ahmed, S. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010487 · Cited by 6
Pain relief as a way to legitimate human rights
Lisboa, L. V., Lisboa, J. A. A., & Sá, K. N. (2016) · Revista Dor · doi:10.5935/1806-0013.20160014 · Cited by 6
Supporting asylum seekers and refugees who suffer chronic pain: an experience
Negron, A. (2017) · International Journal of Migration Health and Social Care · doi:10.1108/ijmhsc-02-2016-0011 · Cited by 6
Gabapentin for presumed neuropathic ocular pain
Michael, R., Jeffers, J. V., Messenger, W., & Aref, A. A. (2020) · American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100836 · Cited by 6
A systematic review of internet-based interventions for women with chronic pain
Ariza-Mateos, M. J., Martos, I. C., Román, E. P., Santiago, M. G., Rodríguez‐Torres, J., & Valenza, M. C. (2020) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/0308022620970861 · Cited by 7
“The aetiology of chronic pain includes a wide range of causes and courses that can be influenced by behavioural, psychological, environmental and social factors (Van Hecke et al., 2013).”
Background
An Italian Expert Consensus on the Use of Opioids for the Management of Chronic Non-Oncological Pain in Clinical Practice: Focus on Buprenorphine.
Mattia, C., Luongo, L., Innamorato, M. A., Melis, L., Sofia, M., Zappi, L., & Puntillo, F. (2021) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s314206 · Cited by 7
An Overview of the use and Misuse/Abuse of Opioid Analgesics in Different World Regions and Future Perspectives
Mayoral, V. (2022) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2021-0094 · Cited by 7
Gout and chronic pain in older adults: a Medicare claims study
Singh, J. A., & Cleveland, J. D. (2019) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-019-04526-0 · Cited by 6
Sex Differences in Pain Scores and Medication Consumption for Chronic Non-Cancer Pain
Branger, A. G., Morales, S. D., Adkisson, F., & Knežević, N. N. (2024) · Diseases · doi:10.3390/diseases12120314 · Cited by 5
Spinal Cord Stimulation Real-World Outcomes: A 24-Month Longitudinal Cohort Study
Bianco, G. L., Thérond, A., D’Angelo, F., Kapural, L., Diwan, S. A., Li, S., Christo, P. J., Hasoon, J. J., Deer, T. R., & Robinson, C. L. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics15243149 · Cited by 5
“Chronic pain itself represents a major global health burden, with prevalence estimates ranging from 19% to 30% in the adult population [8].”
Social determinants of health equity for people with pain: from understanding to action
Walker, E., Karran, E. L., Jones, M. D., Gibbs, M. T., & Sharma, S. (2025) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001364 · Cited by 8
Optimizing Opioid Use in Pain Management: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Benefits, Risks, and Dependence
Pérez, F. J. C., Pérez‐Baena, M. J., Pina-Ruviralta, N., Testa, A. F., & Holgado-Madruga, M. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14040457 · Cited by 7
“Multiple studies have documented that Black patients, for instance, receive up to 36% fewer opioids than White patients (5190 vs. 8082 MME) for comparable clinical conditions, a disparity observed across 91% of U.S. healthcare systems [7,130,131].”
Art Engagement and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence From the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Wang, X., Jie, J., Hu, Y., Qin, L., Hao, Y., & Dong, J.-Y. (2023) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.3389/ijph.2023.1605556 · Cited by 5
“A number of studies have found that art or cultural engagement was associated with a wide range of health outcomes, including wellbeing (2–4), chronic pain (5), anxiety (6), depression (7), dementia (8), cardiovascular diseases (9–11), and the chance of survival (12, 13).”
Background
An exploration of the increasing prevalence of chronic pain among Canadian veterans: Life After Service Studies 2016 and 2019
Talukdar, J. R., Zeraatkar, D., Thomas, A., & Busse, J. W. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1080/24740527.2024.2443631 · Cited by 5
Social factors and pain worsening: a retrospective cohort study
Prego-Domínguez, J., Skillgate, E., Orsini, N., & Takkouche, B. (2021) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2021.04.021 · Cited by 5
A Case-Series of Dry Needling as an Immediate Sensory Integration Intervention
O’Neill, M., Louw, A., Podalak, J., Maiers, N., Cox, T., & Zimney, K. J. (2021) · Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy · doi:10.1080/10669817.2021.2011556 · Cited by 5
Association Between Step Count Measured With a Smartphone App (Pain-Note) and Pain Level in Patients With Chronic Pain: Observational Study
Ogawa, T., Castelo-Branco, L. E. C., Hatta, K., & Usui, C. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/23657 · Cited by 6
“It is also a leading cause of disability [1-5].”
Implementing Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Disparities in Utilization in an Urban Pain Medicine Practice
Rockholt, M. M., Addae, G., Chee, A., Chin, W., Cuff, G. E., Wang, J., Umeh, U. O., & Doan, L. (2023) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s415415 · Cited by 6
Comorbid psychiatric conditions with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a tertiary referral clinic
Gadd, M., Attard, A., Green, J. L., & Elledge, R. O. C. (2024) · British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.bjoms.2023.12.020 · Cited by 5
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: The underlying mechanism of chronic pain
Liu, T., Ji, X., Zang, H., Li, Z., Yao, W., Wan, L., Zhang, C., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106697 · Cited by 6
Cost-Effectiveness of Medical Cannabis Versus Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain
Jeddi, H. M., Busse, J. W., Sadeghirad, B., Levine, M., MacCallum, C. A., Wang, L., Couban, R., & Tarride, J. (2025) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2024.0120 · Cited by 5
Does pain take holidays? Non-attendance rates at a hospital-based pain clinic are elevated during the Jewish high-holidays
Ratmansky, M., Hai, N., Schlossberg, T., Mimouni-Bloch, A., & Schweiger, A. (2017) · Israel Journal of Health Policy Research · doi:10.1186/s13584-017-0132-9 · Cited by 5
Effects of a Remotely Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Coaching Program on the Self-Rated Functional Disability of Participants with Low Back Pain
Bjornaraa, J., Bowers, A. M., Mino, D. E., Choice, D., Metz, D., & Wagner, K. C. (2021) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2021.08.006 · Cited by 5
Association of chiropractic integration in an Ontario community health centre with prescription opioid use for chronic non-cancer pain: a mixed methods study protocol
Emary, P. C., Oremus, M., Mbuagbaw, L. C. E., & Busse, J. W. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051000 · Cited by 5
Examining the validity and reliability of the Arabic translated version of the depression and somatic symptoms scale (A-DSSS) among the Lebanese adults
Ismail, A., Chabbouh, A., Charro, E., Masri, J. E., Ghazi, M., Sadier, N. S., & Abbas, L. A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-55813-z · Cited by 5
“The PHQ-9 is a self-report scale used to assess depressive symptoms.”
ResultInfluential
A Comparison of the Sociodemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Referring to a Pain Clinic with Subacute and Chronic Pain
Hashemi, S. M., Rohanifar, R., Azarfarin, R., Razavi, S. S., & Momenzadeh, S. (2016) · Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine · doi:10.5812/aapm.39373 · Cited by 5
“Current investigations require the integration of epidemiological studies with the clinical assessment and management of acute, subacute, and chronic pain (12).”
BackgroundInfluential
Impacts of Touch massage on the experience of patients with chronic pain: A protocol for a mixed method study
Rodrigues, M. G. D. R., Pauly, C. B., Thentz, C., Boegli, M., Curtin, F., Luthy, C., Cedraschi, C., & Desmeules, J. A. (2020) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101276 · Cited by 5
Prioritizing a sequence of short-duration groups as the standardized pathway for chronic noncancer pain at an Australian tertiary multidisciplinary pain service: preliminary outcomes
Rajappa, H., Wilson, M., White, R., Blanchard, M. B., Tardif, H. P., & Hayes, C. (2019) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000780 · Cited by 5
“2 billion dollars in Australia per annum.(16,57) At public hospital tertiary pain centers in Australia, the traditional model of care has incorporated individual multidisciplinary assessment, followed by individual pain special-”
Background
Biopsychosocial predictive factors for developing chronic postsurgical pain after hip replacement surgery: A systematic review
Smits, R. J. H., Poppen, R., Visser, J., Vissers, K. C. P., & van der Wal, S. E. I. (2025) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Open · doi:10.1016/j.ocarto.2025.100725 · Cited by 5
“…chronic pain than men, with higher pain intensity, lower pain Pain catastrophizing was associated with a higher pain intensity (NRS) and more persistent pain at 12 months postoperatively a Number of participants differed at 2-and 5-years post-surgery. thresholds, and reduced pain tolerance [7,41].”
Prevalence of chronic pain among elderly living in a city of Northern Rio Grande do Sul
Rodrigues, D., Lini, E. V., Mascarelo, A., Portella, M. R., & Doring, M. (2016) · Revista Dor · doi:10.5935/1806-0013.20160071 · Cited by 4
“Não 19 (39,6) 29 (60,4) *Teste Qui-quadrado; ABVD = atividade de básica de vida diária.”
BackgroundInfluential
Mobile Health App and Web Platform (eDOL) for Medical Follow-Up of Patients With Chronic Pain: Cohort Study Involving the French eDOL National Cohort After 1 Year
Delage, N., Cantagrel, N., Soriot‐Thomas, S., Frost, M., Deleens, R., Giniès, P., Eschalier, A., Corteval, A., Laveyssière, A., Phalip, J., et al. (2024) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/54579 · Cited by 5
“Chronic pain affects approximately 30% of the general adult population [1,2] and was one of the top 5 leading causes of years lived with disability in 2016 [3], especially among older people [4].”
Background
The association of different types of stress, and stress accumulation with low back pain in call-center workers - a cross-sectional observational study
Brenner-Fließer, M., Houtenbos, S. P., Ewerton, M., Bontrup, C., Visscher, R. M. S., Taylor, W. R., Zemp, R., & Wippert, P. (2024) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-024-08087-5 · Cited by 6
Current experience of spinal neuromodulation in chronic pain: Is there a role in children and young people?
Pang, D. C. (2016) · European Journal of Paediatric Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.ejpn.2016.07.001 · Cited by 4
Chronic pain in older people: focus on sarcopenia
Naumov, A. V., Мороз, В. И., Khovasova, N. O., Маневич, Т. М., Balaeva, M. M.-M. B., Demenok, D. V., & Ткачева, О. Н. (2019) · Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council · doi:10.21518/2079-701x-2019-12-106-114 · Cited by 4
Integrated Analysis of Omics Data Reveal AP-1 as a Potential Regulation Hub in the Inflammation-Induced Hyperalgesia Rat Model
Zhu, X., Li, F., Wang, M., Su, H., Wu, X., Qiu, H., Zhou, W., Shan, C., Wang, C., & Wei, L. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.672498 · Cited by 4
“Risk factors for chronic pain can include sociodemographic, mental, clinical, and biological factors (5).”
Background
Bruk av andre vanedannende legemidler blant opioidbrukere med langvarige smerter
Odsbu, I., Handal, M., Hjellvik, V., Borchgrevink, P. C., Clausen, T., Hamina, A., Lid, T. G., Nesvåg, R., & Skurtveit, S. O. (2021) · Norsk Epidemiologi · doi:10.5324/nje.v29i1-2.4045 · Cited by 4
Assessment of the Management of Patients with Chronic Pain Referred to a Specialized Pain Unit: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study (the DUO Project)
Mayoral, V., Verdecho, Á. C., López, B. S., & the Team DUO (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11133586 · Cited by 4
“Chronic pain is one of the most common reasons for adults to seek medical care, particularly in primary care [1], and is associated with restrictions in daily life activities and mobility, reduced quality of life, anxiety and depression, and dependency on opioids [2,3].”
Background
Psychosocial problems and high amount of opioid administration are associated with opioid dependence and abuse after first exposure for chronic pain patients
Stalter, N., Ma, S., Simon, G., & Pruinelli, L. (2023) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107657 · Cited by 4
Impacts of touch massage on the experience of patients with chronic pain: A non-randomized cluster clinical trial
Rodrigues, M. G. D. R., Pauly, C. B., Boegli, M., Curtin, F., Anex, A., Cekic, S., Luthy, C., Desmeules, J. A., & Cedraschi, C. (2023) · Advances in Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.aimed.2023.09.004 · Cited by 5
Low back pain prevention behaviors and beliefs among the Polish population in a cross-sectional survey
Kuśmierek, P., Mikołajczyk, M., Złotkowska, D., Łowczak, A., & Mikołajczyk, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1396558 · Cited by 4
Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Their Role in Chronic Pain Management
Onuțu, A. H., Dîrzu, D. S., & Petrișor, C. (2019) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.80711 · Cited by 4
“Chronic pain is recognized today as a disease [1], affects almost 20% of the population [2], and represents a significant cause of disability bringing along high secondary social costs.”
Background
Unwillingly traumatizing: is there a psycho-traumatologic pathway from general surgery to postoperative maladaptation?
Vogel, M., Meyer, F. P., Frommer, J., Walter, M., Lohmann, C. H., & Croner, R. S. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1515/sjpain-2020-0081 · Cited by 4
A new look at back pain treatment in light of the latest ESCEO guidelines
Shavlovskaya, O. A., Zolotovskaya, I. A., & Prokofyeva, Y. A. (2020) · Neurology neuropsychiatry Psychosomatics · doi:10.14412/2074-2711-2020-6-90-95 · Cited by 4
Characteristics and outcomes of chronic pain patients referred to hospital pain clinics: a prospective observational study
Videla, S., Català, E., Ribera, M. V., Montes, A., Samper, D., Fuentes, J., & Busquets, C. (2017) · Minerva Anestesiologica · doi:10.23736/s0375-9393.16.10999-x · Cited by 4
The brain alpha rhythm in the perception and modulation of pain
Ahmed, H., Jones, A. K. P., & Sivan, M. (2020) · Advances in Clinical Neuroscience & Rehabilitation · doi:10.47795/gbpd9851 · Cited by 4
Predictors of Chronic Pain 6 Months and 1 Year After Bariatric Surgery
Kastanias, P., Wang, W., Robinson, S., Mackenzie, K., & Wnuk, S. (2024) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-024-07201-9 · Cited by 3
Micronutrients and Chronic Pain: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Goon, M., Schmidt, N., Berwal, D., Brănişteanu, D. C., Barron, G., Morris, D. R., DiMarzio, M. D., Goudman, L., & Pilitsis, J. G. (2025) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.70053 · Cited by 3
“Additionally, the supplementation of magnesium has been shown to reduce pain severity in neuropathic pain, dysmenorrhea and migraine, and vitamin D (25OH-D) has been evidenced to improve pain in fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis [3, 20–22].”
Association between urinary phthalate levels and chronic pain in US adults, 1999–2004: A nationally representative survey
Jin, G., Nie, Y., Fan, J., Yang, Y., Chen, D., Li, Y., & Ju, L. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.940378 · Cited by 4
“Factors contributing to chronic pain include genetics, older age, lower cultural education, and lower socioeconomic status (4, 5).”
Background
Lifeworlds in pain: a principled method for investigation and intervention
Tabor, A., & Constant, A. (2023) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niad021 · Cited by 3
Pain in alcohol use disorder: Evaluating effects of childhood trauma, perceived stress, and psychological comorbidity
Schwandt, M. L., Ramchandani, V. A., Upadhyay, J., Ramsden, C. E., Diazgranados, N., & Goldman, D. A. (2024) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2024.03.013 · Cited by 3
Sleep disorders in patients with chronic pain: cross-sectional study
Costa, M. D. S. S., Mageste, C. C., Simão, D. S., & Gomez, R. S. (2023) · Brazilian Journal Of Pain · doi:10.5935/2595-0118.20230077-en · Cited by 3
“Furthermore, it must be considered that the presence of sleep disturbances worsens depression in cases of CP, exacerbating this risk factor 38 .”
Background
High-impact Chronic Pain in a Cohort of Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Patients
Wang, T., Bergmans, R. S., Minc, A., Krieger, J. N., Harris, R. E., Lai, H. H., Clemens, J. Q., Harte, S. E., Kaplan, C. M., Williams, D. A., et al. (2025) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000001275 · Cited by 3
“47 This supports the hypothesis that the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying HICP are distinct from the mechanisms that in ﬂ uence the occurrence of chronic pain in general.”
Musculoskeletal pain in an ageing population: a cross-sectional analysis of the Maastricht study
Truijen, S. P. M., Boonen, A. E. R. C. H., Kallen, C., Koster, A., & van Onna, M. (2025) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-025-05961-w · Cited by 5
Qualitative investigation of the experiences of older people living with persistent pain and frailty and their decision to seek support: findings from the POPPY-Q study
Harrison, N., Mossabir, R., Förster, A., Kime, N. H., Williams, A. C. D. C., & Brown, L. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-104744 · Cited by 3
An update on available pain medications
Osuch, E., & Marais, A. (2018) · South African Family Practice · doi:10.4102/safp.v60i3.4877 · Cited by 3
Are non-invasive brain stimulation techniques effective in the treatment of chronic pain? – A Cochrane Review Summary with commentary
Cecchi, F. (2020) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.2340/16501977-2663 · Cited by 3
“To date, CP management, mostly delivered in primary care, is largely unsatisfactory, as CP most often persists despite receiving care, and as most CP patients report dissatisfaction with current treatment (4).”
Background
The Analgesic Effect of Electroencephalographic Neurofeedback for People With Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Hesam‐Shariati, N., Chang, W., McAuley, J. H., Booth, A., Trost, Z., Lin, C., Newton-John, T. R. O., & Gustin, S. M. (2020) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/22821 · Cited by 3
“Chronic pain is estimated to affect up to 50% of the adult population [1,2], and 10% to 20% experience clinically significant chronic pain [3].”
Background
Design and evaluation of mobile scenario based learning in the self-management of chronic pain
Koulas, I., Billis, A. S., Kousouri, N., Vasilopoulos, V., Lykotsetas, E., Kola, D., Dafli, E., Spachos, D., & Bamidis, P. D. (2021) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/1460458220977575 · Cited by 3
A Sham-Controlled Study of Neurofeedback for Pain Management
Ide-Walters, C., & Thompson, T. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.591006 · Cited by 3
“Chronic pain is one of the leading causes of disability (Van Hecke et al., 2013) and negatively impacts wellbeing, sleep, and physical health (Hadi et al., 2019; Murray et al., 2020), as well as costing billions in health care and lost work productivity (American Geriatrics Society Panel on the…”
Background
Posttraumatic growth and pain acceptance: A profile analysis of chronic pain experience.
Ayache, R., & Goutaudier, N. (2021) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/cbs0000289 · Cited by 3
Investigating the Long-Term Effect of an Interdisciplinary Multimodal Rehabilitation Program on Levels of Bioactive Lipids and Telomerase Activity in Blood from Patients with Chronic Pain
Stensson, N., Gerdle, B. U. C., Rönne-Petersén, L., Yang, L. L., Lavebratt, C., Falkenberg, T., & Ghafouri, B. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11051291 · Cited by 3
“There are multiple risk factors for developing chronic pain, with female sex and higher age being the fixed risk factors [2], and lack of physical activity a variable risk factor [3].”
Background

Authors: van Hecke, O., Torrance, N., & Smith, B. H.
Affiliations: University of Dundee (GB)
Corresponding author: Smith, B.H.
ORCID: Torrance, N
Smith, B.H.
Venue: British Journal of Anaesthesia
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-07
Volume: 111
Issue: 1
Pages: 13-18
ISSN: 0007-0912 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet123
OpenAlex: W1972647407
Cited by: 632
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 59 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 77 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 61 · 2018: 48 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 38 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 2
FWCI: 3.79
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 1617 d)
Locations: British Journal of Anaesthesia (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Discovery Research Portal (University of Dundee) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
Keywords: chronic pain, pain epidemiology, risk factors, sociodemographic factors, psychological factors, biological factors, pain prevention, pain management, women, older adults, relative deprivation
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Mental Disorders, Europe, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Measurement, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Comorbidity, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Chronic Pain

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Chronic pain epidemiology and its clinical relevance

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks