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Online Abuse of Feminists as An Emerging form of Violence Against Women and Girls
Open accessAbstract
Abuse directed at visible and audible women demonstrates that cyberspace, once heralded as a new, democratic, public sphere, suffers similar gender inequalities as the offline world. This paper reports findings from a national UK study about experiences of online abuse among women who debate feminist politics. It argues that online abuse is most usefully conceived as a form of abuse or violence against women and girls, rather than as a form of communication. It examines the experiences of those receiving online abuse, thereby making a valuable contribution to existing research which tends to focus on analysis of the communications themselves.
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“The normalisation of incel misogyny should therefore not be considered in a vacuum but as a reflection of the upsurge in societal misogyny and harmful speech directed towards women (Chadha et al., 2020; Lewis et al., 2017), which goes beyond online men's communities.”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Lewis et al., 2017
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“The harms emerging from exposure to such content on mainstream media have a cumulative effect, potentially influencing not only young men's perceptions of women but also women's perceptions of themselves (Lewis et al., 2017).”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Lewis et al., 2017
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“Instances of routine low-level misogynistic abuse play a significant role in the desensitisation to and normalisation of abuse and harmful speech directed at women (Lewis et al., 2017).”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Lewis et al., 2017
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“The 'real' and the virtual are not separate experiential realms (Lewis et al., 2017); there is a continuous flow of sexist and misogynistic beliefs adopted and further developed by the manosphere and incelosphere and returned to the mainstream via constant dissemination on social media.”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Lewis et al., 2017
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lewis, R., Rowe, M., & Wiper, C.
- Affiliations
- Northumbria University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lewis, Ruth
- Venue
- British Journal of Criminology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-09-30
- Pages
- azw073
- ISSN
- 0007-0955 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3529
- OpenAlex
- W2524768073
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 23.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- The British Journal of Criminology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Feminism, and Media
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Keywords
- online abuse, violence against women and girls, feminist activism, feminist politics, cyberspace, gender inequality, online harassment, feminist debates
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