“I Don’t Hate All Women, Just Those Stuck-Up Bitches”: How Incels and Mainstream Pornography Speak the Same Extreme Language of Misogyny
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This article seeks to establish the connection—via shared discourse—between Incels and mainstream pornography. With an interdisciplinary approach which involves a Corpus Linguistics analysis of Reddit forum data, research into digital behaviors, and a feminist critique, this article focuses on the commonalities between the language of pornography and that of Incels. In doing so, it demonstrates how both pornography and Incels are different manifestations of the same misogyny. The findings of this study highlight the normalization of violence against women (VAW), which continues to be endemic in society, enabled and exacerbated by contemporary technologies.
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“…placing blame on women and feminism for their hardships is not a novel fi nding and has been extensively discussed in past research (e.g., Baele et al., 2019; Byerly, 2020; Lindsay, 2022; Menzie, 2022; O ’ Malley et al., 2022; Praz ̇ mo, 2020; Scaptura & Boyle, 2020; Tranchese & Sugiura, 2021).”
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- Authors
- Tranchese, A., & Sugiura, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Portsmouth (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Tranchese, Alessia
- Venue
- Violence Against Women
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-03-22
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 14
- Pages
- 2709-2734
- ISSN
- 1077-8012 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-8448
- PMC
- PMC8474329
- OpenAlex
- W3137546015
- Cited by
- 107
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 19.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Violence Against Women (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Portsmouth
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Feminism, and Media
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender and Feminist Studies
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Studies in Language
- Keywords
- incels, mainstream pornography, misogyny, normalization of violence, online discourse, feminist criticism, digital technologies
- MeSH terms
- Erotica, Female, Hate, Humans, Language, Linguistics, Violence
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