The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Online Abuse of Feminists as An Emerging form of Violence Against Women and Girls
Open accessAbstract
Abuse directed at visible and audible women demonstrates that cyberspace, once heralded as a new, democratic, public sphere, suffers similar gender inequalities as the offline world. This paper reports findings from a national UK study about experiences of online abuse among women who debate feminist politics. It argues that online abuse is most usefully conceived as a form of abuse or violence against women and girls, rather than as a form of communication. It examines the experiences of those receiving online abuse, thereby making a valuable contribution to existing research which tends to focus on analysis of the communications themselves.
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“The normalisation of incel misogyny should therefore not be considered in a vacuum but as a reflection of the upsurge in societal misogyny and harmful speech directed towards women (Chadha et al., 2020; Lewis et al., 2017), which goes beyond online men's communities.”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Lewis et al., 2017
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“The harms emerging from exposure to such content on mainstream media have a cumulative effect, potentially influencing not only young men's perceptions of women but also women's perceptions of themselves (Lewis et al., 2017).”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Lewis et al., 2017
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Instances of routine low-level misogynistic abuse play a significant role in the desensitisation to and normalisation of abuse and harmful speech directed at women (Lewis et al., 2017).”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Lewis et al., 2017
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“The 'real' and the virtual are not separate experiential realms (Lewis et al., 2017); there is a continuous flow of sexist and misogynistic beliefs adopted and further developed by the manosphere and incelosphere and returned to the mainstream via constant dissemination on social media.”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Lewis et al., 2017
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Citations
Cites
Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure
Hochschild, A. R. (1979) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/227049 · Cited by 5,962
Identity and deception in the virtual community
Donath, J. (2002) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203194959-11 · Cited by 1,177
Women, Violence and Social Change.
Schwartz, M. D., Dobash, R. E., & Dobash, R. P. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2074495 · Cited by 785
Women, Violence and Social Change
Dobash, R. E., & Dobash, R. P. (2003) · doi:10.4324/9780203450734 · Cited by 658
The Continuum of Sexual Violence
Kelly, L. (1987) · Women, Violence and Social Control · doi:10.1007/978-1-349-18592-4_4 · Cited by 633
Jane, E. A. (2012) · Feminist Media Studies · doi:10.1080/14680777.2012.741073 · Cited by 381
‘Back to the kitchen, cunt’: speaking the unspeakable about online misogyny
Jane, E. A. (2014) · Continuum · doi:10.1080/10304312.2014.924479 · Cited by 354
Hlavka, H. R. (2014) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243214526468 · Cited by 353
Reconceptualizing ‘flaming’ and other problematic messages
O'Sullivan, P. B., & Flanagin, A. J. (2003) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/1461444803005001908 · Cited by 302
Online incivility or sexual harassment? Conceptualising women's experiences in the digital age
Megarry, J. (2014) · Women's Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/j.wsif.2014.07.012 · Cited by 295
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- —— (2004), ‘Computer-Mediated Communication and Woman’s Place’, in R. Bucholtz , ed., Language and Woman’s Place: Text and Commentaries, 216–22. Oxford University Press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Violence against Women in Politics
Krook, M. L. (2020) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190088460.001.0001 · Cited by 254
Nagle, J. (2018) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2018.08.014 · Cited by 142
Suzor, N. P., Dragiewicz, M., Harris, B., Gillett, R., Burgess, J., & Geelen, T. V. (2018) · Policy & Internet · doi:10.1002/poi3.185 · Cited by 131
Tranchese, A., & Sugiura, L. (2021) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801221996453 · Cited by 107
Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok
Solea, A. I., & Sugiura, L. (2023) · European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10610-023-09559-5 · Cited by 105
“Instances of routine low-level misogynistic abuse play a significant role in the desensitisation to and normalisation of abuse and harmful speech directed at women (Lewis et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Lewis, R., Rowe, M., & Wiper, C.
- Affiliations
- Northumbria University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lewis, Ruth
- Venue
- British Journal of Criminology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-09-30
- Pages
- azw073
- ISSN
- 0007-0955 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3529
- OpenAlex
- W2524768073
- Cited by
- 195
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 23.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- The British Journal of Criminology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Northumbria Research Link (Northumbria University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Leverhulme Trust
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender, Feminism, and Media
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Keywords
- online abuse, violence against women and girls, feminist activism, feminist politics, cyberspace, gender inequality, online harassment, feminist debates
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