Beyond retinotopic mapping: the spatial representation of objects in the human lateral occipital complex
Abstract
The spatial representation in the human ventral object-related areas (i.e., the lateral occipital complex [LOC]) is currently unknown. It seems plausible, however, that it would diverge from the strict retinotopic mapping (characteristic of V1) to a more invariant coordinate frame, thereby allowing for reliable object recognition in the face of eye, head, or body movement. To study this, we compared the fMRI activation in LOC when object displacement was limited to either the retina or the screen by manipulating eye position and object locations. We found clear adaptation in LOC when the object's screen position was fixed, regardless of the object's retinal position. Furthermore, we found significantly greater activation in LOC in the hemisphere contralateral to the object's screen position, although the visual task was constructed in a way that the objects were present equally often on each of the 2 retinal hemifields. Together, these results indicate that a sizeable fraction of the neurons in LOC may have head-based receptive fields. Such an extraretinal representation may be useful for maintenance of object coherence across saccadic eye movements, which are an integral part of natural vision.
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Some neurons in the lateral occipital lobe have nonretinotopic, e.g. head-based, receptive fields.
“Some neurons in the lateral occipital lobe have nonretinotopic, e.g.head-based, receptive fields [34].”
From Eye movements and the perceived location of phosphenes generated by intracranial primary visual cortex stimulation in the blind (2021) · cites this paper as [34]
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InfluentialRepetition Suppression Dissociates Spatial Frames of Reference in Human Saccade Generation
van Pelt, S., Toni, I., Diedrichsen, J., & Medendorp, W. P. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00393.2010 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Shafer-Skelton, A., & Golomb, J. D. (2017) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/s13423-017-1401-x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“This is consistent with reports of retinotopic representations of spatial location throughout visual areas, including higher-level dorsal and ventral stream areas (Gardner et al., 2008; Golomb&Kanwisher, 2012a; but see Crespi et al., 2011; d’Avossa et al., 2007; McKyton & Zohary, 2007).”
Equal Degrees of Object Selectivity for Upper and Lower Visual Field Stimuli
Strother, L., Aldcroft, A., Lavell, C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00462.2010 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Liu, L., Yuan, C., Ding, H., Xu, Y., Long, M., Li, Y., Liu, Y., Jiang, T., Qin, W., Shen, W., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep45675 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Joint neuronal tuning for object form and position in the human lateral occipital complex
MacEvoy, S. P., & Yang, Z. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.08.043 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Eye-centered encoding of visual space in scene-selective regions
Ward, E. J., MacEvoy, S. P., & Epstein, R. A. (2010) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/10.14.6 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Chen, Y., & Crawford, J. D. (2017) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2017.00044 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“…mechanisms of spatial judgment (Fink et al., 1997, 2000; Honda et al., 1998; Galati et al., 2000; Committeri et al., 2004; Neggers et al., 2006; McKyton and Zohary, 2007; Zaehle et al., 2007), although two more recent studies involved aiming movements of the hand (Thaler and Goodale, 2011;…”
BackgroundSensory Competition in the Face Processing Areas of the Human Brain
Nagy, K., Greenlee, M. W., & Kovács, G. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024450 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“However, studies of object [35], scene [36] and face processing [37] suggest that contralateral and ipsilateral stimuli are processed differentially and object [38] and face processing [39] are, to a large extent, position-dependent.”
BackgroundA double dissociation between semantic and spatial cognition in visual to default network pathwaysPreprint
Alam, T. R. G., Krieger‐Redwood, K., Varga, D., Gao, Z., Horner, A. J., Hartley, T., de Schotten, M. T., Sliwinska, M. W., Pitcher, D., Margulies, D. S., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94902.3 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The spatial context task showed a main effect of seed (F(1,26)=5.89, p=0.022), and a seed by ROI occur in natural vision while navigating environments ( McKyton and Zohary, 2007 ).”
InfluentialSpatiotopic perceptual learning mediated by retinotopic processing and attentional remapping
Zhang, E., Zhang, G., & Li, W. (2013) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12379 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Such neurons have been found in the parietal cortex (Galletti et al., 1993; Duhamel et al., 1997; Chafee et al., 2007; Crowe et al., 2008), and are arguably implicated in other visual areas (d’Avossa et al., 2007; McKyton & Zohary, 2007; Crespi et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMena, L., Maldonado-López, M. J., Fernández, I., Coco-Martín, M. B., Finat-Saez, J., Martinez-Jimenez, J. L., Jimeno, J. C. P., & Arenillas, J. F. (2020) · Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s12984-020-0650-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Hemifield coding in ventral object-sensitive areas – Evidence from visual hemiagnosia
Rennig, J., Karnath, H., Cornelsen, S., et al. (2017) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2017.06.011 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cartesian coordinates scaffold stable spatial perception over time
Luo, M., Zhang, H., & Luo, H. (2022) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.22.8.13 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“…working memory, and feedback from higher areas (Cicchini, Benedetto, & Burr, 2021; Fritsche et al., 2017) would influence subsequent perception, advocating the involvement of higher processing stages that are presumably more spatiotopic in serial bias (Burr & Morrone, 2011; McKyton & Zohary, 2007).”
What Has fMRI Taught Us About Object Recognition?
Kalanit Grill-spector, A. (2009) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511635465.007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Indeed some experiments suggest that LO may contain both object-based (McKyton and Zohary 2007) and retinal-based reference frames (Sayres and Grill-Spector 2008).”
Pattern matching is assessed in retinotopic coordinates
McKyton, A., Pertzov, Y., & Zohary, E. (2009) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/9.13.19 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Within- and between-hemifield generalization of repetition suppression in inferior temporal cortex
Fabbrini, F., & Vogels, R. (2020) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00361.2020 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A case for human systems neuroscience
Gardner, J. L. (2014) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.06.052 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“, 2013) across multiple visual areas in the brain in single experiments (see also: Sereno and Huang, 2006; d’Avossa et al., 2007; McKyton and Zohary, 2007; Golomb and Kanwisher, 2012).”
BackgroundMethodDynamic saccade context triggers more stable object-location binding.
Lu, Z., & Golomb, J. D. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/xge0001545 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Viewed actions are mapped in retinotopic coordinates in the human visual pathways
Porat, Y., Pertzov, Y., & Zohary, E. (2011) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/11.12.17 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
The coordinate frame of pop-out learning
McKyton, A., & Zohary, E. (2008) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2008.01.013 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Indeed, recent evidence suggests that the fMRI signal in both LOC ( McKyton & Zohary, 2007 ) and ventral MT (d’Avossa et al., 2007) is influenced by the object’s position on the screen more than its position on the retina.”
InfluentialAuditory‐visual integration modulates location‐specific repetition suppression of auditory responses
Shrem, T., Murray, M. M., & Deouell, L. Y. (2017) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.12955 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Spatiotopic and retinotopic memory in the context of natural images
Steinberg, N. J., Roth, Z. N., & Merriam, E. P. (2022) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/jov.22.4.11 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Hence, we use the general term “spatiotopic” to refer to a coordinate system that is independent of eye position (Crespi et al., 2011; d’Avossa et al., 2007; McKyton & Zohary, 2007).”
MethodZopf, R., Butko, M., Woolgar, A., Williams, M., & Rich, A. N. (2018) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2018.05.009 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cortical Remapping Features of Numerosity Adaptation Aftereffects
Zhang, Z., Wei, L. I. U., Yajun, Z. H. A. O., ZHANG, J., & Binxing, W. U. (2014) · Acta Psychologica Sinica · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1041.2014.00005 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Behrmann, M., & Vida, M. D. (2018) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119170174.epcn115 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhang, D., Wen, X., Liang, B., Liu, B., Liu, M., & Huang, R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108557 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“neural representation [5,6].”
Praß, M., Grimsen, C., & Fahle, M. W. (2016) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.12.014 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cloverleaf Clusters: A Common Macrostructural Organization across Human Visual and Auditory Cortex
Brewer, A. A., & Barton, B. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.77964 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Brain representations of motion and position in the double-drift illusion
Steinberg, N. J., Roth, Z. N., Movshon, J. A., & Merriam, E. P. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.76803 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“For example, visually evoked responses in both human MT/MST (hMT+) and the lateral occipital complex (LOC) have been reported to be invariant to changes in eye position ( d’Avossa et al., 2007 ; McKyton and Zohary, 2007 ).”
BackgroundAttentional load interferes with target localization across saccades
MacInnes, W. J., & Hunt, A. R. (2014) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-014-4062-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Zhang, X., & Golomb, J. D. (2021) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0186-20.2021 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“…frames for neuronal receptive fields (Duhamel et al., 1997; Snyder et al., 1998), fMRI adaptation (Baltaretu et al., 2018; Fairhall et al., 2017; McKyton & Zohary, 2007; Zimmermann et al., 2016), functional organization (Crespi et al., 2011; d’Avossa et al., 2007; Golomb & Kanwisher, 2012b;…”
BackgroundThe computational dynamics of shape orientation perception
Houbben, M., & Vannuscorps, G. (2026) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2026.106452 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
On the superiority of visual processing in spatiotopic coordinates
Mann, A., Naveh, I., & Zohary, E. (2018) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2018.06.010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“The predominance of spatial priming effects in spatiotopic coordinates is an important finding, because the representation in the early visual system is strictly retinotopic, and the evidence for a nonretinotopic representation in higher order areas in the visual cortex is hotly debated (D’Avossa et al., 2007, Gardner…”
Attention Trade-Off for Localization and Saccadic Remapping
Dreneva, A., Chernova, U., Ermolova, M., & MacInnes, W. J. (2021) · Vision · doi:10.3390/vision5020024 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“For example, there is evidence for presence of spatiotopic maps in MT [18,20] and lateral occipital cortex [21], but these studies are inconsistent with other research which supports retinotopy in all visual areas [16,22].”
ResultVisual Working Memory Representations Across Eye Movements
Dungan, B. J. (2015) · Scholars' Bank (University of Oregon)
An Investigation of the Gaze Contingent Tilt Aftereffect
Parwaga, S. (2015) · Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)
Objective (Real-world) Motion Responses in Scene Responsive RegionsPreprint
Stark, D., & Bartels, A. (2017) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/145573
“…spatial representation in ventral regions is rather under debate; both retinotopic (Amano et al., 2009; Larsson and Heeger, 2006) and spatiotopic (McKyton and Zohary, 2007) maps are reported in LOC (lateral occipital cortex) and previous research indicate both eye centered (Golomb et al., 2011;…”
BackgroundSasaki, K., Ariga, A., & Watanabe, K. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-61698-5
The role of attention in cortical and subcortical spatial mapping
Fischer, J. (2012) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
Angelaki, D. E. (2008) · Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature · doi:10.3410/f.1117926.574032
Visual to default network pathways: A double dissociation between semantic and spatial cognitionPreprint
Alam, T. R. G., Krieger‐Redwood, K., Varga, D., Gao, Z., Horner, A. J., Hartley, T., de Schotten, M. T., Sliwinska, M. W., Pitcher, D., Margulies, D. S., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94902.1
Visual to default network pathways: A double dissociation between semantic and spatial cognitionPreprint
Alam, T. R. G., Krieger‐Redwood, K., Varga, D., Gao, Z., Horner, A. J., Hartley, T., de Schotten, M. T., Sliwinska, M. W., Pitcher, D., Margulies, D. S., et al. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.94902.2
- Authors
- McKyton, A., & Zohary, E.
- Affiliations
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2006-07-03
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1164-1172
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2125105913
- Semantic Scholar
- d0ee4c7a483a71d572f99c0dabf8d27ef4432774
- Cited by
- 88
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Keywords
- lateral occipital complex, spatial representation, retinotopic mapping, object recognition, eye movements, saccades, object displacement, hemispheric lateralization
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Female, Humans, Male, Nerve Net, Neurons, Afferent, Occipital Lobe, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Retinaldehyde, Space Perception, Visual Pathways
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