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Cited by 51SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 ResearchAnimal Virus Infections Studiesvaccines and immunoinformatics approaches

Neutralization Potential of Covishield Vaccinated Individuals Sera Against B.1.617.1

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Yadav, Pragya D, Sapkal, Gajanan N, Abraham, Priya, Deshpande, Gururaj, Nyayanit, Dimpal A, Patil, Deepak Y, Gupta, Nivedita, Sahay, Rima R +4 more·2022·Clinical Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1093/cid/ciab483

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Abstract

To the Editor—Recently, we reported the neutralizing efficacy of CovaxinTM against B.1.617.1 variant [1]. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants have emerged and spread to other countries during this pandemic [2]. Many of the studies have reported reduced neutralization capabilities of vaccines, namely, mRNA-1273, NVX-CoV2373, BNT162b2, and ChAdOx1-nCoV19 against different variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.1.28 P1 [2, 3]. Recently, SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.617.3 have been reported from India [1, 4], which have been associated with increase in cases [4]. These variants have been shown to have higher transmissibility and pathogenicity in hamster models and have raised serious concern pertaining to the national coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program in India and other countries [4, 5]. Over 177 million doses of vaccine have been administered to Indian citizens with 2 approved vaccines: Covishield (Astrazeneca, Oxford) and CovaxinTM (BBV152) [6]. We have also previously demonstrated the neutralizing efficacy of CovaxinTM against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.1.28 variants [7, 8]. Covishield comprises the larger proportion in the vaccination program in India. Hence, it is of utmost importance to understand neutralizing capability of Covishield vaccine against this emerging variant. We have evaluated neutralizing capability of the Covishield vaccine recipient sera obtained 4 weeks after the second dose of COVID-19 naive subjects (n = 43) and COVID-19 positive recovered subjects (n = 18). The neutralizing-antibody (NAb) titer against B.1.617.1 and prototype B.1 variant (D614G) was determined for both the categories of sera. Of the sera obtained from COVID-19 naive vaccinees subjects, 23.25% samples (n = 10) didn’t show NAb titer against both the variants; 27.90% of the samples (n = 12) showed NAb titer only with B.1. A total of 21 serum specimens (48.83%) elicited NAb titers against both B.1 and B.1.617.1 variants. The GMT along with standard deviation of Covishield vaccinee sera against B.1 and B.1.617.1 were 42.92 ± 3.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.21–128.5; n = 43) and 21.92 ± 4.42 (95% CI: 24.4–62.64; n = 43), respectively. The results demonstrated that sera of COVID-19 positive recovered subjects (n = 18, Figure 1, red) who received 2 doses of Covishield have higher antibody response compared to the COVID-19 naive vaccinees (n = 43, Figure 1, green) with a significant difference (P < .0001) in NAb titer against B.1 and B.1.617.1 variants (Figure 1A and B). An increase in the GMT of the sera of COVID-19 recovered cases with vaccination (29.5-fold) compared to COVID-19 naive vaccinees (23.5-fold) was observed against B.1 and B.1.617.1, respectively. This indicates that COVID-19 recovered cases vaccinated with 2 doses had very high immune response in comparison to COVID-19 naive vaccinees who received 2 doses. Neutralization of B.1.617.1 variant. Comparison of NAb titer between COVID-19 naive cases (green, n = 43) and COVID-19 recovered cases (red, n = 18) administered with 2 doses of vaccine (sera collected 28 days after the second dose) against B.1 (A) and B.1.617.1 (B). Two-tailed comparison was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. ****P value < .001. C, Scatter plot depicting the neutralization activity of the COVID-19 naive cases (n = 43) vaccinated with two doses of Covishield vaccine (sera collected 28 days after the second dose) against the prototype B.1 (D614G) (green triangle) and B.1.617.1 (green square). Neutralization reduction factor of 1.94 was observed between the B.1 (D614G) and B.1.617.1 variants. Two-tailed pair-wise comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test with a P value of .05. ****P value < .001; **P value = .0038; ns = nonsignificant P value. D, Comparison of IgG antibody titer against RBD protein between COVID-19 naive cases (n = 43) and COVID-19 recovered cases (n = 18) administered with 2 doses of vaccine. Two-tailed comparison was performed using the Mann-Whitney test; ns = non-significant P value. Red dotted line defines the cutoff (20) of PRNT50 in panels (A), (B), and (C). Abbreviations: COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IgG, immunoglobulin G; Nab, neutralizing antibody. A pair-wise comparison using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test demonstrated a significant 2-fold reduction (P-value < .0001) in the neutralization titer of B.1.617.1 compared to B.1 variant in the COVID-19 naive vaccinees (Figure 1C). Furthermore, we also determined the immunoglobulin G (IgG) titer against S1-RBD and observed a nonsignificant difference between COVID-19 recovered cases administered with 2 dose of vaccine and COVID-19 naive vaccinated subjects (Figure 1D). Although we observed a reduction in the neutralizing titer against B.1.617.1 variant, Covishield vaccine-induced immunity may still limit the severity of disease and mortality in the vaccinated individuals. Also, COVID-19 recovered indiv

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  • Neutralization antibody titers in Covishield-vaccinated individuals provide protection from Kappa after the second dose.

    “It has been reported that the neutralization antibody titer of the Covishield’ (AstraZeneca and Serum Institute of India) vaccinated individuals provide protection from the Kappa variant after the second dose of vaccination [48].”

    From Waves and variants of SARS-CoV-2: understanding the causes and effect of the COVID-19 catastrophe (2022) · cites this paper as [48]

    The ‘Neutralization Potential of Covishield Vaccinated Individuals’ section reports neutralizing-antibody activity against B.1.617.1 (Kappa) in sera collected four weeks after a second Covishield dose. It does not establish that those titers provide protection from infection: the authors say only that vaccine-induced immunity ‘may still limit the severity of disease and mortality,’ and report that some vaccinated participants had no detectable neutralizing titer against the variant. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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Authors
Yadav, P. D., Sapkal, G. N., Abraham, P., Deshpande, G., Nyayanit, D. A., Patil, D. Y., Gupta, N., Sahay, R. R., Shete, A. M., Kumar, S., Panda, S., & Bhargava, B.
Affiliations
  • ICMR-National Institute of Virology (IN)
  • Indian Council of Medical Research (IN)
  • Southern Command Hospital (IN)
Corresponding author
Yadav, Pragya D
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2021-05-24
Volume
74
Issue
3
Pages
558-559
ISSN
  • 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6591
DOI
10.1093/cid/ciab483
OpenAlex
W3164973676
Cited by
51
References
10
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Indian Council of Medical Research
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches
Keywords
Covishield vaccine, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, neutralizing antibodies, vaccine-induced immunity, SARS-CoV-2 variants, COVID-19 vaccine efficacy, recovered COVID-19 patients, neutralizing antibody titer, Omicron subvariants
MeSH terms
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Humans, Neutralization Tests, Antibodies, Neutralizing

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