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Cited by 161Infectious Encephalopathies and EncephalitisBacterial Infections and VaccinesAutoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments

Long-term Outcome of Patients Presenting With Acute Infectious Encephalitis of Various Causes in France

Mailles, A., De Broucker, T., Costanzo, P., Martinez-Almoyna, L., Vaillant, V., Stahl, J.-P., on behalf of the Steering Committee and Investigators Group·2012·Clinical Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1093/cid/cis226
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: A prospective study of infectious encephalitis was conducted in France in 2007. In total, 253 patients were enrolled with a proven etiological diagnosis for 52%. The cohort of surviving patients with encephalitis was assessed for sequelae and impairment 3 years after enrollment. METHODS: Patients, their family, and general practitioners (GPs) were interviewed by phone to document persisting symptoms, return to work, and past and current leisure activities, with standardized questionnaires. The IQCODE (Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly) was completed with relatives. The global outcome was determined in all patients with the Glasgow outcome scale. RESULTS: In 2010, 20 patients (10%) were unavailable for follow-up, 2 (1%) were excluded, and 18 (9%) had died since hospital discharge. Data were available for 167 survivors and 9 patients whose death was related to the encephalitis. The outcome was favorable in 108 of 176 patients (61%) (71 with complete resolution), 31 (18%) were mildly impaired, 25 (14%) were severely impaired, and 3 (1%) were in a vegetative state. The most frequent symptoms were difficulty concentrating (42%), behavioral disorders (27%), speech disorders (20%), and memory loss (19%). Fifteen of 63 patients (24%) previously employed were still unable to resume work. Long-term outcome was significantly associated with comorbid conditions, age, level of education, and the causative agent of encephalitis. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with encephalitis experienced a favorable outcome 3 years after hospital discharge. However, minor to severe disability persists in a high number of cases with consequences for everyday life. Physical and mental impairment should be evaluated in all patients with encephalitis, and neuropsychological rehabilitation implemented whenever needed.

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Authors
Mailles, A., De Broucker, T., Costanzo, P., Martinez-Almoyna, L., Vaillant, V., Stahl, J.-P., & on behalf of the Steering Committee and Investigators Group
Affiliations
  • Institut de Veille Sanitaire (FR)
  • Hospices Civils de Lyon (FR)
  • Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Aix-Pertuis (FR)
  • Université Joseph Fourier (FR)
Corresponding author
Mailles, A.
ORCID
Venue
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2012-03-28
Volume
54
Issue
10
Pages
1455-1464
ISSN
  • 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6591
DOI
10.1093/cid/cis226
OpenAlex
W2116814519
Cited by
161
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 2
FWCI
5.52
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (publishedVersion)
  • HAL (submittedVersion)
  • HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Encephalopathies and Encephalitis
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Autoimmune Neurological Disorders and Treatments
Keywords
infectious encephalitis, long-term outcomes, post-encephalitic sequelae, cognitive impairment, physical disability, return to work, Glasgow Outcome Scale, neuropsychological rehabilitation, encephalitis etiology, comorbidities, memory loss, behavioral disorders
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Behavioral Symptoms, Child, Child, Preschool, Encephalitis, Female, France, Humans, Infant, Interviews as Topic, Male, Memory Disorders, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Speech Disorders, Prevalence, Treatment Outcome, Persistent Vegetative State, Young Adult

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