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Cited by 117Reproductive tract infections researchUrinary Tract Infections ManagementHIV/AIDS Research and Interventions

Effects of recent sexual activity and use of a diaphragm on the vaginal microflora.

Hooton, T. M., Roberts, P. L., Stamm, W. E.·1994·Clinical Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1093/clinids/19.2.274
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Abstract

We prospectively studied 40 women over a median period of 28 weeks to ascertain the effects on vaginal microflora of sexual intercourse alone compared with sexual intercourse associated with use of a diaphragm with a spermicide (diaphragm/spermicide). Compared with no sexual intercourse, sexual intercourse with use of a diaphragm/spermicide in the preceding 3 days was strongly associated with increases in rates of vaginal colonization with uropathogenic flora, including Escherichia coli (P < .0001), other gram-negative uropathogens (P = .0045), group D streptococci (P = .014), and group B streptococci (P = .0015). Except for E. coli colonization, no such increases in rates of vaginal colonization were seen at visits preceded by sexual intercourse without use of a diaphragm/spermicide. Compared with no sexual intercourse, sexual intercourse with use of a diaphragm/spermicide in the preceding 3 days also was associated with a marked increase in rates of candidal colonization (P < .0001) and with a decrease in rates of lactobacillus colonization (P < .0001). We conclude that bacterial and fungal microflora in the vagina are strongly influenced by recent use of a diaphragm/spermicide and minimally affected by sexual intercourse alone.

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  • N-9 use has been associated with an increased risk for bacterial urinary tract infections among women.

    “N-9 use also has been associated with an increased risk for bacterial urinary tract infections among women (53,54).”

    From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [53]

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Authors
Hooton, T. M., Roberts, P. L., & Stamm, W. E.
Affiliations
University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author
Hooton, T. M.
ORCID
Hooton, T. M.
Venue
Clinical Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1994-08-01
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
274-278
ISSN
  • 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6591
DOI
10.1093/clinids/19.2.274
OpenAlex
W2055449086
Cited by
117
References
15
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 6
FWCI
4.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
University of Washington
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Urinary Tract Infections Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Keywords
vaginal microbiota, diaphragm, spermicides, sexual intercourse, uropathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, Gram-negative uropathogens, Streptococcus agalactiae, group D streptococci, candidal colonization, Lactobacillus, vaginal colonization
MeSH terms
Adult, Candida, Coitus, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Contraceptive Devices, Female, Female, Gram-Negative Bacteria, Humans, Prospective Studies, Urinary Tract Infections, Vagina

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