Reconsidering rapid early response in cognitive behavioral therapy for depression.
Abstract
Ilardi and Craighead (1994) observed that 60–70% of symptom improvement in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) occurs in the first 4 weeks, and they assumed that cognitive modification techniques are not extensively applied in these weeks. They thus concluded that Beck's cognitive hypothesis of CBT cannot explain this early improvement. However, studies have shown that cognitive modification techniques are applied extensively in early sessions. Also, in most CBT studies there have been two sessions per week for the first 4 weeks and 1 session per week thereafter. Thus, 40–60% of CBT sessions in studies occur in the first 4 weeks, which arguably is enough therapeutic time for cognitive techniques to have a substantial effect on symptoms. Finally, llardi and Craighead's method assumes homogeneity among the patients' time courses, which is inconsistent with empirical data. We conclude that symptom change time course data do not contradict Beck's cognitive hypothesis.
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There was inconsistent evidence of change processes using measures derived from traditional theoretical models.
“They also included inconsistent evidence of change processes using measures derived from traditional theoretical models 34,35”
From “Third-wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process-based approach to intervention in psychiatry (2021) · cites this paper as [35]
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“It is likely that, like alliance (Ilardi & Craighead, 1999; Tang & DeRubeis, 1999a), early changes in expectations may predict more 45 favorable outcomes compared to initial treatment expectancies.”
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InfluentialFaerber, J., Joffe, M., Small, D. S., Zhang, R.-M., Brown, G. K., & ten Have, T. (2017) · Journal of Causal Inference · doi:10.1515/jci-2015-0016
Patient Change Trajectories Over a Year of Psychoanalytic Therapy and Psychoanalysis.
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- Authors
- Tang, T. Z., & DeRubeis, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- ORCID
- DeRubeis, Robert J.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
- Published
- 1999
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 283-288
- ISSN
- 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2850
- OpenAlex
- W2017844784
- Cited by
- 83
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy, depression, session frequency
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