It’s complicated: the relation between cognitive change procedures, cognitive change, and symptom change in cognitive therapy for depression.
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Many attempts have been made to discover and characterize the mechanisms of change in psychotherapies for depression, yet no clear, evidence-based account of the relationship between therapeutic procedures, psychological mechanisms, and symptom improvement has emerged. Negatively-biased thinking plays an important role in the phenomenology of depression, and most theorists acknowledge that cognitive changes occur during successful treatments. However, the causal role of cognitive change procedures in promoting cognitive change and alleviating depressive symptoms has been questioned. We describe the methodological and inferential limitations of the relevant empirical investigations and provide recommendations for addressing them. We then develop a framework within which the possible links between cognitive procedures, cognitive change, and symptom change can be considered. We conclude that cognitive procedures are effective in alleviating symptoms of depression and that cognitive change, regardless of how it is achieved, contributes to symptom change, a pattern of findings that lends support to the cognitive theory of depression.
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Failure to maintain the boundary between active elements and mechanisms is a common problem in psychotherapy process research.
“Failure to maintain the boundary between active elements (e.g., cognitive change proced ures) and mechanisms (e.g., cognitive change) is a common problem in psychotherapy process research (Bruijniks et al., 2018; Lorenzo-Luaces et al., 2015).”
From Measuring the active elements of cognitive-behavioral therapies (2023) · cites this paper as Lorenzo-Luaces et al., 2015
To determine the most effective components of CBT and whether CBT works via the mechanisms proposed by the approach, quantifiable measures of treatment delivered need to be obtained in a natural clinical context and be gathered from a sufficiently large enough sample to draw meaningful conclusions.
“To determine the most effective components of CBT and whether CBT works via the mechanisms proposed by the approach,15 quantifiable measures of treatment delivered need to be obtained in a natural clinical context and be gathered from a sufficiently large enough sample to draw meaningful conclusions.”
From Quantifying the association between psychotherapy content and clinical outcomes using deep learning (2020) · cites this paper as [15]
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Editorial: Contemporary Issues in Defining the Mechanisms of Cognitive Behavior Therapy
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Self-citationScheepens, D. S., van Waarde, J. A., ten Doesschate, F., Westra, M., Kroes, M. C. W., Schene, A. H., Schoevers, R. A., Denys, D. A. J. P., Ruhé, H. G., & van Wingen, G. A. (2022) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.088 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Belief revision in psychotherapy
Grodniewicz, J. P. (2024) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-024-04523-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lorenzo-Luaces, L., German, R. E., & DeRubeis, R. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- DeRubeis, Robert J.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology Review
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 41
- Pages
- 3-15
- ISSN
- 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10080251
- OpenAlex
- W1984747549
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 109
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 1.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH080097, R01MH060998, R01MH060353, R10MH055877)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- cognitive therapy, depression, cognitive change, mechanisms of change, symptom change, cognitive strategies, negative bias, cognitive theories of depression, psychotherapy mechanisms
- MeSH terms
- Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Psychotherapeutic Processes, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome
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