Aberrantly expressed c‐Jun and JunB are a hallmark of Hodgkin lymphoma cells, stimulate proliferation and synergize with NF‐κB
Open accessAbstract
AP-1 family transcription factors have been implicated in the control of proliferation, apoptosis and malignant transformation. However, their role in oncogenesis is unclear and no recurrent alterations of AP-1 activities have been described in human cancers. Here, we show that constitutively activated AP-1 with robust c-Jun and JunB overexpression is found in all tumor cells of patients with classical Hodgkin's disease. A similar AP-1 activation is present in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), but is absent in other lymphoma types. Whereas c-Jun is up-regulated by an autoregulatory process, JunB is under control of NF-kappa B. Activated AP-1 supports proliferation of Hodgkin cells, while it suppresses apoptosis of ALCL cells. Furthermore, AP-1 cooperates with NF-kappa B and stimulates expression of the cell-cycle regulator cyclin D2, proto-oncogene c-met and the lymphocyte homing receptor CCR7, which are all strongly expressed in primary HRS cells. Together, these data suggest an important role of AP-1 in lymphoma pathogenesis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Different studies in several human neoplasms, including CRC, showed higher c-JUN expression and activation in tumors compared to normal tissue.
“Different studies in several human neoplasms [50–53], including CRC [54], showed higher c-JUN expression and activation in tumors compared to normal tissue.”
From Co-targeting SRC overcomes resistance to BRAF inhibitors in colorectal cancer (2025) · cites this paper as [50]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Hanahan, D., & Weinberg, R. A. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81683-9 · Cited by 29,219 · see citing works
Harris, N. L., Jaffe, E., Stein, H., Pm, B., Jk, C., Cleary, M. L., Delsol, G., Peeters, C., Falini, B., & Gatter, K. C. (1994) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v84.5.1361.1361 · Cited by 6,312 · see citing works
Self-citationMammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades
Chang, L., & Karin, M. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35065000 · Cited by 5,118 · see citing works
Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-κB activity
Karin, M., & Ben-Neriah, Y. (2000) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.18.1.621 · Cited by 4,766 · see citing works
Karin, M., Liu, Z.-G., & Zandi, E. (1997) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(97)80068-3 · Cited by 2,904 · see citing works
Förster, R., Schubel, A., Breitfeld, D., Kremmer, E., Renner‐Müller, I., Wolf, E., & Lipp, M. (1999) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80059-8 · Cited by 2,348 · see citing works
The jun proto-oncogene is positively autoregulated by its product, Jun/AP-1
Angel, P., Hattori, K., Smeal, T., & Karin, M. (1988) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90143-2 · Cited by 1,239 · see citing works
Yamaoka, S., Courtois, G., Chable-Bessia, C., Whiteside, S. T., Weil, R., Agou, F., Kirk, H., Kay, R. J., & Israël, A. (1998) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81466-x · Cited by 1,077 · see citing works
Hinz, M., Krappmann, D., Eichten, A., Heder, A., Scheidereit, C., & Strauss, M. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.4.2690 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Self-citationBargou, R. C., Emmerich, F., Krappmann, D., Bommert, K., Mapara, M. Y., Arnold, W., Royer, H., Grinstein, E., Greiner, A., Scheidereit, C., et al. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119849 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Self-citationc‐Jun regulates cell cycle progression and apoptosis by distinct mechanisms
Wisdom, R., Johnson, R. S., & Moore, C. (1999) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/18.1.188 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Induction of proto-oncogene JUN/AP-1 by serum and TPA
Lamph, W. W., Wamsley, P., Sassone‐Corsi, P., & Verma, I. M. (1988) · Nature · doi:10.1038/334629a0 · Cited by 658 · see citing works
Dürkop, H., Latza, U., Hummel, M., Eitelbach, F., Seed, B., & Stein, H. (1992) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(92)90180-k · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Self-citationStein, B., Baldwin, A. S., Ballard, D. W., Greene, W. C., Angel, P. E., & Herrlich, P. A. (1993) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb06066.x · Cited by 630 · see citing works
van Dam, H., Wilhelm, D., Herr, I., Steffen, A., Herrlich, P. A., & Angel, P. E. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07168.x · Cited by 598 · see citing works
Control of cell cycle progression by c-Jun is p53 dependentPreprint
Schreiber, M., Kolbus, A., Piu, F., Szabowski, A., Möhle-Steinlein, U., Tian, J., Karin, M., Angel, P., & Wagner, E. F. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.5.607 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
Diverse functions of JNK signaling and c-Jun in stress response and apoptosis
Leppä, S., & Bohmann, D. (1999) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203173 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
c-Jun and JunB Antagonistically Control Cytokine-Regulated Mesenchymal–Epidermal Interaction in Skin
Szabowski, A., Maas‐Szabowski, N., Andrecht, S., Kolbus, A., Schorpp‐Kistner, M., Fusenig, N. E., & Angel, P. E. (2000) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00178-1 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Bakiri, L., Lallemand, D., Bossy‐Wetzel, E., & Yaniv, M. (2000) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/19.9.2056 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Regulation of IL‐4 expression by the transcription factor JunB during T helper cell differentiation
Li, B., Tournier, C., Davis, R. J., & Flavell, R. A. (1999) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/18.2.420 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
The mammalian Jun proteins: redundancy and specificity
Mechta‐Grigoriou, F., Gerald, D., & Yaniv, M. (2001) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204381 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Self-citationKieser, A., Kilger, E., Gires, O., Ueffing, M., Kölch, W., & Hammerschmidt, W. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.21.6478 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Inducible regulatory elements in the human cyclin D1 promoter.
Herber, B., Truss, M., Beato, M., & Müller, R. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 309 · see citing works
High-level nuclear NF-kappa B and Oct-2 is a common feature of cultured Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells
Bargou, R., Leng, C., Krappmann, D., Emmerich, F., Mapara, M., Bommert, K., Royer, H., Scheidereit, C., & Dörken, B. (1996) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v87.10.4340.bloodjournal87104340 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Self-citationOlive, M., Krylov, D. Y., Echlin, D. R., Gardner, K. L., Taparowsky, E. J., & Vinson, C. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.30.18586 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Molecular mechanisms of constitutive NF-κB/Rel activation in Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells
Krappmann, D., Emmerich, F., Kordes, U., Scharschmidt, E., Dörken, B., & Scheidereit, C. (1999) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202351 · Cited by 271 · see citing works
Self-citationHinz, M., Löser, P., Mathas, S., Krappmann, D., Dörken, B., & Scheidereit, C. (2001) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v97.9.2798 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Self-citationPassegue, E. A., Jochum, W., Schorpp‐Kistner, M., Möhle-Steinlein, U., & Wagner, E. F. (2001) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00188-x · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Marinissen, M. J., Chiariello, M., Pallante, M., & Gutkind, J. S. (1999) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.19.6.4289 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Mathas, S., Rickers, A., Bommert, K., Dörken, B., & Mapara, M. Y. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationNovel NEMO/IκB Kinase and NF-κB Target Genes at the Pre-B to Immature B Cell Transition
Li, J., Peet, G. W., Balzarano, D., Li, X., Massa, P. T., Barton, R. W., & Marcu, K. B. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m100846200 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
ETS1, NFκB and AP1 synergistically transactivate the human GM – CSF promoter
Thomas, R. S., Tymms, M. J., McKinlay, L. H., Shannon, M. F., Seth, A. K., & Kola, I. (1997) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201125 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Stein, B., Angel, P. E., van Dam, H., Ponta, H., Herrlich, P. A., van der Eb, A. J., & Rahmsdorf, H. J. (1992) · Photochemistry and Photobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb04255.x · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Höpken, U. E., Foss, H., Meyer, D., Hinz, M., Leder, K., Stein, H., & Lipp, M. (2002) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v99.4.1109 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Molecular and Cellular Origins of Hodgkin's Disease
Staudt, L. M. (2000) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.191.2.207 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Functional Analysis of the Human Cyclin D2 and Cyclin D3 Promoters
Brooks, A. R., Shiffman, D., Chan, C. S., et al. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.15.9090 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
UV-Induced Stabilization of c-fos and Other Short-Lived mRNAs
Blattner, C., Kannouche, P. L., Litfin, M., Bender, K., Rahmsdorf, H. J., Angulo, J. F., & Herrlich, P. A. (2000) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.20.10.3616-3625.2000 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Schweickart, V. L., Raport, C. J., Godiska, R., et al. (1994) · Genomics · doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1553 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Constitutive activation of transcription factor AP-1 in primary adult T-cell leukemia cells.
Mori, N., Fujii, M., Iwai, K., Ikeda, S., Yamasaki, Y., Hata, T., Yamada, Y., Tanaka, Y., Tomonaga, M., & Yamamoto, N. (2000) · PubMed · doi:10.1182/blood.v95.12.3915 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Stress‐activated protein kinases are negatively regulated by cell density
Lallemand, D., Ham, J., Garbay, S., Bakiri, L., Traincard, F., Jeannequin, O., Pfarr, C. M., & Yaniv, M. (1998) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/17.19.5615 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Constitutively activated JNK is associated with HTLV-1 mediated tumorigenesis.
Xu, X., Heidenreich, O. T., Kitajima, I., et al. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Seol, D., Chen, Q., & Zarnegar, R. (2000) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203404 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Expression of the c-met proto-oncogene and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, in Hodgkin disease
Teofili, L., Febo, A. L. D., Pierconti, F., et al. (2001) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v97.4.1063 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Tumor cell growth fraction in Hodgkin's disease.
Gerdes, J., Unnik, J. A. M. V., Pileri, S. A., Schwarting, R., Unnik, J. A. M. V., & Stein, H. (1987) · PubMed Central · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationEpstein–Barr virus in Hodgkin’s disease
Chapman, A. L. N., & Rickinson, A. B. (1998) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/9.suppl_5.s5 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Expression of cyclin D2 and D3 in lymphoid lesions
Teramoto, N., Tamm, K. P., Székely, L., Polack, A., Yoshino, T., Akagi, T., & Klein, G. (1999) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19990517)81:4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Haïoun, C., Lepage, É., Gisselbrecht, C., et al. (1998) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/9.suppl_1.s5 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Multiple types of skeletal muscle atrophy involve a common program of changes in gene expression
Lecker, S. H., Jagoe, R. T., Gilbert, A., Gomes, M., Baracos, V., Bailey, J., Price, S. R., Mitch, W. E., & Goldberg, A. L. (2004) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.03-0610com · Cited by 1,539 · see citing works
Lamprecht, B., Walter, K., Kreher, S., Kumar, R., Hummel, M., Lenze, D., Köchert, K., Bouhlel, M. A., Richter, J., Soler, E., et al. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2129 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, M.-T., Chang, C.-C., Chen, S.-T., Chang, H.-L., Su, J.-L., Chau, Y.-P., & Kuo, M.-L. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m402305200 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Cell signaling and transcription factor activation by asbestos in lung injury and disease
Shukla, A., Ramos-Nino, M., & Mossman, B. (2003) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s1357-2725(02)00315-1 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Co-targeting SRC overcomes resistance to BRAF inhibitors in colorectal cancer
Rubio-Cuesta, B., Carretero-Puche, C., Llamas, P., Sarmentero, J., Gil-Calderon, B., Lens-Pardo, A., Antón-Pascual, B., Rubio-González, E., Cámara-Jurado, M., Salamanca, J., et al. (2025) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-025-03058-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mathas, S., Hinz, M., Anagnostopoulos, I., Krappmann, D., Lietz, A., Jundt, F., Bommert, K., Mechta‐Grigoriou, F., Stein, H., Dörken, B., & Scheidereit, C.
- Affiliations
- Max Delbrück Center (DE)
- Freie Universität Berlin (DE)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Scheidereit, Claus
- Venue
- The EMBO Journal
- Published
- 2002-08-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 4104-4113
- ISSN
- 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2075
- PMC
- PMC126136
- OpenAlex
- W2098180441
- Cited by
- 375
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 15.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
- Keywords
- c-Jun, JunB, AP-1 transcription factor, Hodgkin's disease, anaplastic large cell lymphoma, NF-κB, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cyclin D2, c-Met, CCR7, lymphomagenesis, autoregulation
- MeSH terms
- Proto-Oncogene Mas, Cell Division, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, DNA, Neoplasm, Hodgkin Disease, Humans, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, Mitogens, Neoplasm Proteins, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate, Transcription, Genetic, Transfection, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Ultraviolet Rays, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Cyclins, NF-kappa B, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse, Reed-Sternberg Cells, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun, Genes, jun, Transcription Factor AP-1, Receptors, Chemokine, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-met, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Receptors, CCR7, Cyclin D2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review