Cited by 284Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase SignalingPI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancerMetabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer

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A phosphoserine/threonine-binding pocket in AGC kinases and PDK1 mediates activation by hydrophobic motif phosphorylation

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Frödin, Morten, Antal, Torben L., Dümmler, Bettina A., Jensen, Claus J., Deak, Maria, Gammeltoft, Steen, Biondi, Ricardo M.·2002·The EMBO Journal

DOI 10.1093/emboj/cdf551PMC PMC129083

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Abstract

The growth factor-activated AGC protein kinases RSK, S6K, PKB, MSK and SGK are activated by serine/threonine phosphorylation in the activation loop and in the hydrophobic motif, C-terminal to the kinase domain. In some of these kinases, phosphorylation of the hydrophobic motif creates a specific docking site that recruits and activates PDK1, which then phosphorylates the activation loop. Here, we discover a pocket in the kinase domain of PDK1 that recognizes the phosphoserine/phosphothreonine in the hydrophobic motif by identifying two oppositely positioned arginine and lysine residues that bind the phosphate. Moreover, we demonstrate that RSK2, S6K1, PKBalpha, MSK1 and SGK1 contain a similar phosphate-binding pocket, which they use for intramolecular interaction with their own phosphorylated hydrophobic motif. Molecular modelling and experimental data provide evidence for a common activation mechanism in which the phosphorylated hydrophobic motif and activation loop act on the alphaC-helix of the kinase structure to induce synergistic stimulation of catalytic activity. Sequence conservation suggests that this mechanism is a key feature in activation of >40 human AGC kinases.

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Authors: Frödin, M., Antal, T. L., Dümmler, B. A., Jensen, C. J., Deak, M., Gammeltoft, S., & Biondi, R. M.
Affiliations: Glostrup Hospital (DK)
University of Dundee (GB)
Corresponding author: Frödin, Morten
ORCID: Frödin, Morten
Biondi, Ricardo M.
Venue: The EMBO Journal
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2002-10-15
Volume: 21
Issue: 20
Pages: 5396-5407
ISSN: 0261-4189 (ISSN-L)
1460-2075
DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdf551
PMC: PMC129083
OpenAlex: W2018380860
Cited by: 275
References: 33
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 5.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: The EMBO Journal (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Kræftens Bekæmpelse
Novo Nordisk
Novo Nordisk Fonden
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Keywords: AGC protein kinases, PDK1, kinase activation mechanism, RSK2, S6K1, MSK1, SGK1, activation loop, αC-helix, intramolecular interactions, growth factor signaling
MeSH terms: Serum-Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinases, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Binding Sites, Enzyme Activation, Growth Substances, Humans, Models, Molecular, Molecular Sequence Data, Nuclear Proteins, Phosphorylation, Phosphoserine, Phosphothreonine, Protein Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Recombinant Proteins, Signal Transduction, Conserved Sequence, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Immediate-Early Proteins, Amino Acid Motifs, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 90-kDa, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Mice, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases, In Vitro Techniques

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A phosphoserine/threonine-binding pocket in AGC kinases and PDK1 mediates activation by hydrophobic motif phosphorylation

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