Cited by 1,015PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancerMetabolism, Diabetes, and CancerProtein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling

Regulation and function of ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) within mTOR signalling networks

Magnuson, Brian, Ekim, Bilgen, Fingar, Diane C.·2012·Biochemical Journal

Abstract

The ribosomal protein S6K (S6 kinase) represents an extensively studied effector of the TORC1 [TOR (target of rapamycin) complex 1], which possesses important yet incompletely defined roles in cellular and organismal physiology. TORC1 functions as an environmental sensor by integrating signals derived from diverse environmental cues to promote anabolic and inhibit catabolic cellular functions. mTORC1 (mammalian TORC1) phosphorylates and activates S6K1 and S6K2, whose first identified substrate was rpS6 (ribosomal protein S6), a component of the 40S ribosome. Studies over the past decade have uncovered a number of additional S6K1 substrates, revealing multiple levels at which the mTORC1–S6K1 axis regulates cell physiology. The results thus far indicate that the mTORC1–S6K1 axis controls fundamental cellular processes, including transcription, translation, protein and lipid synthesis, cell growth/size and cell metabolism. In the present review we summarize the regulation of S6Ks, their cellular substrates and functions, and their integration within rapidly expanding mTOR (mammalian TOR) signalling networks. Although our understanding of the role of mTORC1–S6K1 signalling in physiology remains in its infancy, evidence indicates that this signalling axis controls, at least in part, glucose homoeostasis, insulin sensitivity, adipocyte metabolism, body mass and energy balance, tissue and organ size, learning, memory and aging. As dysregulation of this signalling axis contributes to diverse disease states, improved understanding of S6K regulation and function within mTOR signalling networks may enable the development of novel therapeutics.

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Crossref · 10.1042/bj20110892

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Authors
Magnuson, B., Ekim, B., & Fingar, D. C.
Affiliations
  • University of Michigan (US)
  • Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, U.S.A.
Corresponding author
Magnuson, Brian
Venue
Biochemical Journal
Published
2011-12-14
Volume
441
Issue
1
Pages
1-21
ISSN
  • 0264-6021 (ISSN-L)
  • 1470-8728
OpenAlex
W2312282875
Cited by
1,015
References
241
Citations by year
2026: 52 · 2025: 57 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 57 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 87 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 84 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 34
FWCI
4.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Biochemical Journal (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01dk078135-03)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01-DK-078135, R01DK100722)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
Keywords
S6K, S6K1, S6K2, mTORC1, TOR signaling, ribosomal protein S6, translational regulation, glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, adipocyte metabolism, energy balance, organ size, learning and memory, aging, disease therapeutics
MeSH terms
Animals, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Signal Transduction, Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

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