Cited by 267Digital Economy and Work TransformationEmployment and Welfare StudiesPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

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Uber happy? Work and well-being in the ‘Gig Economy’

Berger, Thor, Frey, Carl Benedikt, Levin, Guy, Danda, Santosh Rao·2019·Economic Policy

DOI 10.1093/epolic/eiz007

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Abstract

SUMMARY We study the rise of the so-called ‘gig economy’ through the lens of Uber and its drivers in the United Kingdom. Using administrative data from Uber and a new representative survey of London drivers, we explore their backgrounds, earnings, and subjective well-being. We find that the vast majority of Uber drivers are male immigrants, primarily drawn from the bottom half of the London income distribution. Most transitioned out of permanent part- or full-time jobs and about half of drivers’ report that their incomes increased after partnering with Uber. After covering vehicle operation costs and Uber’s service fee, we estimate that the median London driver earns about £11 per hour spent logged into the app. But while Uber drivers remain at the lower end of the London income distribution, they report higher levels of life satisfaction than other workers. Consistent with a trade-off between evaluative and emotional well-being observed among the self-employed, they also report higher anxiety levels. We hypothesize that the higher life satisfaction among Uber drivers partly reflects their preferences for flexibility and the autonomy that the platform offers. We provide suggestive evidence showing that drivers who emphasize flexibility as an important motivation to join Uber also report higher levels of subjective well-being. However, a minority of drivers who report that they would prefer work as an employee report lower levels of life satisfaction and higher levels of anxiety. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of non-monetary factors in shaping the welfare of workers in the gig economy.

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Authors: Berger, T., Frey, C. B., Levin, G., & Danda, S. R.
Affiliations: Lund University (SE)
Corresponding author: Berger, Thor
ORCID: Berger, Thor
Frey, Carl Benedikt
Venue: Economic Policy
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2019-07-01
Volume: 34
Issue: 99
Pages: 429-477
ISSN: 0266-4658 (ISSN-L)
1468-0327
DOI: 10.1093/epolic/eiz007
OpenAlex: W2903427932
Cited by: 267
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 56 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 5
FWCI: 38.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model (vor)
Locations: Economic Policy (publishedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Digital Economy and Work Transformation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: gig economy, Uber drivers, subjective well-being, life satisfaction, anxiety, work flexibility, self-employment, immigrant workers, earnings, job loss, employment status, platform work, London

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Uber happy? Work and well-being in the ‘Gig Economy’

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