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2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
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The ESC Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge and the evidence available at the time of their publication.
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“Healthy lifestyle choices can prevent or delay the onset of high BP and can reduce cardiovascular risk. 46”
From 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines (2020) · cites this paper as [46]
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“in fact, the classic calculators for estimating cardiovascular risk that only consider conventional risk factors, such as the Framingham risk score, could underestimate the risk in this particular population [8].”
From Residual Cardiovascular Risk: Role of Remnants Cholesterol, Monocyte/HDL Ratio and Lipoprotein Ratios on Personalized Cardiovascular Prevention (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Traditional risk factors alone cannot fully explain the high impact of coronary events in effectively treated patients; in fact, the classic calculators for estimating cardiovascular risk that only consider conventional risk factors, such as the Framingham risk score, could underestimate the risk in this particular population [8].”
From Residual Cardiovascular Risk: Role of Remnants Cholesterol, Monocyte/HDL Ratio and Lipoprotein Ratios on Personalized Cardiovascular Prevention (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
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“Intolerance to statins is linked with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease [3].”
From Safety outcomes of statin vs non-statin lipid-lowering interventions in patients with prior statin-associated muscle symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
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“The higher discontinuation rate observed with statins may reflect challenges in patient adherence and could have implications for long-term cardiovascular risk prevention [3].”
From Safety outcomes of statin vs non-statin lipid-lowering interventions in patients with prior statin-associated muscle symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
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“The European Guidelines on CVD prevention in clinical practice (both the 2012 [9] and 2016 [10] versions) recommend the use of the SCORE system because it is based on large, representative European cohort data sets and because it is relatively straightforward to recalibrate for individual countries.”
From 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk (2019) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“In conditions whose pathophysiology is better understood, such as cardiovascular disease and stroke, comprehensive targeted prevention strategies can be developed and disseminated.”
From Precision clinical trials: a framework for getting to precision medicine for neurobehavioural disorders (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Based upon the many epidemiological and nutrition studies suggesting a positive association between red meat ingestion and CVD risks, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33] most dietary recommendations advise limiting red meat ingestion.26”
From Impact of chronic dietary red meat, white meat, or non-meat protein on trimethylamine N-oxide metabolism and renal excretion in healthy men and women (2019) · cites this paper as [26]
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“Findings from our review are consistent with European and American evidence based guidelines on prevention of cardiovascular disease that highlighted pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm birth as adverse pregnancy outcomes that potentially increase the risk of cardiovascular disease”
From Association between the reproductive health of young women and cardiovascular disease in later life: umbrella review (2020) · cites this paper as [131]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M.-T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., Graham, I., Hall, M. S., Hobbs, F. D. R., Løchen, M.-L., Löllgen, H., Marques-Vidal, P., Perk, J., Prescott, E., Redon, J., Richter, D. J., Sattar, N., Smulders, Y., Tiberi, M., van der Worp, H. B., van Dis, I., Verschuren, W. M. M., Binno, S., ESC Scientific Document Group, De Backer, G., Roffi, M., Aboyans, V., Bachl, N., Bueno, H., Carerj, S., Cho, L., Cox, J., De Sutter, J., Egidi, G., Fisher, M., Fitzsimons, D., Franco, O. H., Guenoun, M., Jennings, C., Jug, B., Kirchhof, P., Kotseva, K., Lip, G. Y., Mach, F., Mancia, G., Bermudo, F. M., Mezzani, A., Niessner, A., Ponikowski, P., Rauch, B., Rydén, L., Stauder, A., Turc, G., Wiklund, O., Windecker, S., Zamorano, J. L., Zamorano, J. L., Aboyans, V., Achenbach, S., Agewall, S., Badimon, L., Barón-Esquivias, G., Baumgartner, H., Bax, J. J., Bueno, H., Carerj, S., Dean, V., Erol, Ç., Fitzsimons, D., Gaemperli, O., Kirchhof, P., Kolh, P., Lancellotti, P., Lip, G. Y., Nihoyannopoulos, P., Piepoli, M. F., Ponikowski, P., Roffi, M., Torbicki, A., Vaz Carneiro, A., Windecker, S., Metzler, B., Najafov, R., Stelmashok, V., De Maeyer, C., Dilic, M., Gruev, I., Milicic, D., Vaverkova, H., Gustafsson, I., Attia, I., Duishvili, D., Kostova, N., Ferrières, J., Klimiashvili, Z., Hambrecht, R., Tsioufis, K., Szabados, E., Andersen, K., Vaughan, C., Zafrir, B., Novo, S., Davletov, K., Jashari, F., Kerimkulova, A., Mintale, I., Saade, G., Petrulioniene, Z., Delagardelle, C., Magri, C. J., Rudi, V., Oukerraj, L., Çölkesen, B. E., Schirmer, H., Jankowski, P., dos Reis, R. P., Gherasim, D., Nedogoda, S., Zavatta, M., Giga, V., Filipova, S., Padial, L. R., Kiessling, A., Mach, F., Mahdhaoui, A., Ural, D., Nesukay, E., & Gale, C.
- Affiliations
- International Society of Behavioural Medicine (ISBM)
- World Organisation of Family Doctors (CN)
- European Atherosclerosis Society (SE)
- European Society of Cardiology (FR)
- International Diabetes Federation (BE)
- WONCA Europe.
- International Federation of Sports Medicine (CH)
- Societie: European Society of Hypertension (ESH)
- European Association for the Study of Diabetes (DE)
- Societie: European Stroke Organisation (ESO)
- Societie: European Heart Network (EHN)
- Societie: European Society of Cardiology (ESC)
- European Heart Network (BE)
- European Society of Hypertension (IT)
- European Stroke Organisation (CH)
- ORCID
- Hoes, Arno W
- Albus, Christian
- Brotons, Carlos
- Catapano, Alberico L
- Cooney, Marie-Therese
- Corrà, Ugo
- Cosyns, Bernard
- Deaton, Christi
- Graham, Ian
- Løchen, Maja-Lisa
- Löllgen, Herbert
- Marques-Vidal, Pedro
- Prescott, Eva
- Richter, Dimitrios J
- Sattar, Naveed
- Smulders, Yvo
- Tiberi, Monica
- Verschuren, W M Monique
- Franco, Oscar H
- Jug, Borut
- Turc, Guillaume
- Wiklund, Olov
- Bax, Jeroen J
- Erol, Çetin
- Kolh, Philippe
- Torbicki, Adam
- Najafov, Ruslan
- Gruev, Ivan
- Ferrières, Jean
- Zafrir, Barak
- Davletov, Kairat
- Kerimkulova, Alina
- Nedogoda, Sergey
- Giga, Vojislav
- Ural, Dilek
- Gale, Chris
- Venue
- European Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-05-23
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 29
- Pages
- 2315-2381
- ISSN
- 0195-668X (ISSN-L)
- 1522-9645
- PMC
- PMC4986030
- OpenAlex
- W2402599050
- Cited by
- 6,457
- References
- 585
- Citations by year
- 2026: 178 · 2025: 279 · 2024: 398 · 2023: 509 · 2022: 678 · 2021: 996 · 2020: 1017 · 2019: 959 · 2018: 750 · 2017: 570 · 2016: 111
- FWCI
- 785.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Liège) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NF-SI-0611-10273, 12/01/52)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- cardiovascular disease prevention, secondary prevention, primary prevention, cardiovascular risk management
- MeSH terms
- Healthy Lifestyle, Multiple Chronic Conditions, Diet, Healthy, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Diabetic Angiopathies, Diagnostic Imaging, Health Promotion, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Hypertension, Middle Aged, Pedigree, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Biomarkers, Exercise, Smoking Cessation, Risk Assessment, General Practice
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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