The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Well-being measurement and the WHO health policy Health 2010: systematic review of measurement scales
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Subjective well-being (SWB) contributes to health and mental health. It is a major objective of the new World Health Organization health policy framework, 'Health 2020'. Various approaches to defining and measuring well-being exist. We aimed to identify, map and analyse the contents of self-reported well-being measurement scales for use with individuals more than 15 years of age to help researchers and politicians choose appropriate measurement tools. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed for studies published between 2007 and 2012, with additional hand-searching, to identify empirical studies that investigated well-being using a measurement scale. For each eligible study, we identified the measurement tool and reviewed its components, number of items, administration time, validity, reliability, responsiveness and sensitivity. RESULTS: The literature review identified 60 unique measurement scales. Measurement scales were either multidimensional (n = 33) or unidimensional (n = 14) and assessed multiple domains. The most frequently encountered domains were affects (39 scales), social relations (17 scales), life satisfaction (13 scales), physical health (13 scales), meaning/achievement (9 scales) and spirituality (6 scales). The scales included between 1 and 100 items; the administration time varied from 1 to 15 min. CONCLUSIONS: Well-being is a higher order construct. Measures seldom reported testing for gender or cultural sensitivity. The content and format of scales varied considerably. Effective monitoring and comparison of SWB over time and across geographic regions will require further work to refine definitions of SWB. We recommend concurrent evaluation of at least three self-reported SWB measurement scales, including evaluation for gender or cultural sensitivity.
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“In addition, the SLR identified two prior reviews of ‘well-being’ scales (using a very broad definition of well-being that included quality of life, physical well-being, and health), which found 99 and 60 PROs respectively [6, 7].”
From Patient-reported outcome measures for life engagement in mental health: a systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
In the citing paper
“Previous reviews have highlighted some of the available tools.29–31 However, not all have used systematic methods for identifying measures.”
From Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“In previous reviews,30 31 60 or fewer instruments were identified; however, in our review 99 are reported.”
From Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time (2016) · cites this paper as [31]
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Cites
The satisfaction with life scale
Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13 · Cited by 31,768
Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276 · Cited by 12,910
Positive psychology: An introduction.
Seligman, M. E. P., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.5 · Cited by 11,351
Subjective well-being. The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index
Diener, E. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.34 · Cited by 7,121
Social Indicators of Well-Being
Andrews, F. M., & Withey, S. B. (1976) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2253-5 · Cited by 4,920
Measuring Health: A Guide to Rating Scales and Questionnaires
McDowell, I., & Newell, C. (1987) · Cited by 4,207
Personality, Culture, and Subjective Well-Being: Emotional and Cognitive Evaluations of Life
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Lucas, R. E. (2002) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145056 · Cited by 3,802
The Whoqol Group (1998) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(98)00009-4 · Cited by 3,802
Waterman, A. S. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.64.4.678 · Cited by 3,220
Know thyself and become what you are: a eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9019-0 · Cited by 3,149
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- WHO European Ministerial Conference on Mental Health. Mental Health Action Plan for Europe. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2005.
- 10.1037//0033-2909.125.2.276 · DOI · Paper page
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- Maslow AH . Toward a Psycholgy of Being. 3rd edn. Hoboken: Wiley & Sons; 1999.
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Linton, M.-J., Dieppe, P., & Medina-Lara, A. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010641 · Cited by 638
“31 However, not all have used systematic methods for identifying measures.”
MethodEmotional Well-Being: What It Is and Why It Matters
Park, C. L., Kubzansky, L. D., Chafouleas, S. M., Davidson, R. J., Keltner, D. J., Parsafar, P., Conwell, Y., Martin, M. Y., Hanmer, J., & Wang, K. H. (2022) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-022-00163-0 · Cited by 347
Self-citationThe Relationship Between Satisfaction With Life and Depression Symptoms by Gender
Gigantesco, A., Fagnani, C., Toccaceli, V., Stazi, M. A., Lucidi, F., Violani, C., & Picardi, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00419 · Cited by 140
“In 2013, European member-states agreed on a single measure, life satisfaction, for monitoring the progress of SWB in the World Health Organization’s health policy framework, “Health 2020” (12).”
BackgroundFactors Affecting Life Satisfaction of Older Adults in Turkey
Çeli̇k, S. Ş., Çeli̇k, Y., Hikmet, N., & Khan, M. M. (2017) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.1177/0091415017740677 · Cited by 90
“Independent variables that were more likely to affect life satisfaction were determined based on a literature review (Arun & Cakiroglu, 2013; Bowen et al., 2015; Hyde et al., 2003; Lindert et al., 2015; Maher et al., 2015; McNamee & Mendolia, 2014; Meadow et al., 1992; Mollaoglu et al., 2010; Netuveli et al., 2006; Oi…”
MethodLara‐Cabrera, M. L., Betancort, M., Muñoz-Rubilar, C. A., Novo, N. R., Bjerkeset, O. A., & Cuevas, C. D. L. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191610106 · Cited by 71
“As a part of the quality of life (QoL) concept, well-being is measured via diverse self-rated scales, although no consensus exists on a gold standard [3,4].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Lindert, J., Bain, P. A., Kubzansky, L. D., & Stein, C.
- Affiliations
- Brandeis University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- The European Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-01-22
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 731-740
- ISSN
- 1101-1262 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-360X
- OpenAlex
- W2160933378
- Cited by
- 246
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- World Health Organization
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
- Keywords
- subjective well-being, self-report measures, health policy, life satisfaction, affect, interpersonal relationships, spirituality, scale reliability and validity, intercultural sensitivity, gender sensitivity
- MeSH terms
- Female, Health Status, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mental Health, Personal Satisfaction, Surveys and Questionnaires, World Health Organization, Reproducibility of Results, Spirituality
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