The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Application of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to Elderly Populations
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can potentially be used to estimate body composition in large populations studied at multiple sites. However, it is not clear whether age-specific BIA equations are necessary for accurate application of BIA to research on elderly subjects. METHODS: We compared a published equation designed to predict fat-free mass (FFM) that had been derived in a young healthy population (mean age 27 y; mean BMI 23.9 kg/m2), with equations that we developed for the elderly by using data from 455 participants in the Framingham Heart Study (78 Y; 27.3 kg/m2), using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a reference technique. The BIA equations were then compared in an independent sample of 283 participants in the New Mexico Aging Process Study (76 y, 25.5 kg/m2), who also underwent BIA and DXA. RESULTS: When the young-population equation was applied to Framingham, it caused an overestimation of FFM in heavier subjects that was eliminated by use of the age-specific equation. However, when the two equations were tested in the New Mexico population, the published equation gave estimates of FFM that were closer to DXA than the Framingham equations did. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy of a BIA equation depends on the body composition of the population of the population and the validation method rather than on age per se. Application of BIA to elderly populations requires uniform validation procedures in the actual study population, rather than reliance on age-specific equations.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Risk of bias was high in two [34, 35] and unclear in six [36–41] studies due to the low to moderate (R2 < 80%) coefficient of determination (R2) resulted from the multiple regression models.”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Out of the 26 available equations, 23 were developed with foot to hand technology [36, 38, 46, 49, 53, 63, 67, 89–93, 95, 97], while three equations were developed using segmental technology [68, 94].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Two different equations are available to determine FM in males and females [53], while there are two equations for assessing FFM in males [36, 49], three in females only [36, 49, 97], and five suitable for both sexes [89, 91].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Concerning foot-to-hand technology, three predictive equations were suitable for males [36, 49, 53] and four for females only [36, 49, 53, 97], while thirteen equations suitable for both sexes [38, 46, 63, 67, 89–93, 95].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“The selected studies encompassed Central[36, 38, 49] and Southern American [46, 67], European [53, 63, 89–91, 93, 95, 97], and Asian [68, 94] male and female participants.”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Concerning foot-to-hand technology, three predictive equations were suitable for males [36, 49, 53] and four for females only [36, 49, 53, 97], while thirteen equations suitable for both sexes [38, 46, 63, 67, 89–93, 95].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Two different equations are available to determine FM in males and females [53], while there are two equations for assessing FFM in males [36, 49], three in females only [36, 49, 97], and five suitable for both sexes [89, 91].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [36]
Citations
Cites
A cross-sectional study of muscle strength and mass in 45- to 78-yr-old men and women
Frontera, W. R., HUGHES, V. A., Lutz, K. J., & Evans, W. J. (1991) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1991.71.2.644 · Cited by 1,011
Magnitude of body-cell-mass depletion and the timing of death from wasting in AIDS
Kotler, D. P., Tierney, A. R., Wang, J., & Pierson, R. N. (1989) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/50.3.444 · Cited by 792
Normal Human Aging: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging
Shock, N. W., Greulich, R. C., Costa, P. T., Andres, R., Lakatta, E. G., Arenberg, D., & Tobin, J. D. (1984) · University Libraries (University of Maryland) · doi:10.13016/sclw-iccq · Cited by 757
Adult lean body mass declines with age: Some longitudinal observations
Forbes, G. B., & Reina, J. C. (1970) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/0026-0495(70)90062-4 · Cited by 684
Sarcopenia and Age-Related Changes in Body Composition and Functional Capacity
Evans, W. J., & Campbell, W. W. (1993) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/123.suppl_2.465 · Cited by 556
Human Body Composition: Growth, Aging, Nutrition, and Activity
Forbes, G. B. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 461
Forbes, G. B. (1987) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4654-1 · Cited by 431
Novâk, L. P. (1972) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/27.4.438 · Cited by 358
Total body potassium in aging humans: a longitudinal study
Flynn, M. A., Nolph, G. B., Baker, A., Martin, W. M., & KRAUSE, G. F. (1989) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/50.4.713 · Cited by 193
Fat redistribution and the changing body dimensions of the adult male.
Borkan, G. A., & Norris, A. H. (1977) · PubMed · Cited by 145
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–259 of 259
Smale, K. B., McIntosh, E. I., & Vallis, L. A. (2013) · Journal of Applied Gerontology · doi:10.1177/0733464813515088 · Cited by 4
“For example, previous research involving older adults has compared BIA with hydrostatic weighing (Baumgartner, Heymsfield, Lichtman, Wang, & Pierson, 1991; Deurenberg, van der Kooij, Evers, & Hulshof, 1990) and BIA values with DXA results (Ramel et al., 2011; Roubenoff et al., 1997).”
Association among body composition, muscle performance and functional autonomy in older adults
Gonçalves, B. L., Guimarães, F. S., de Souza, M. L. L., Ferreira, A. D. S., & Mainenti, M. R. M. (2015) · Fisioterapia em Movimento · doi:10.1590/0103-5150.028.001.ao05 · Cited by 4
厚生労働科学研究補助金, 高. (2012) · Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi Japanese Journal of Geriatrics · doi:10.3143/geriatrics.49.788 · Cited by 4
Health monitoring sensors for a personal mobility aid for the elderly
D'Arrigo, C. J. (2001) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 4
The Importance of Nutritional Assessment in Institutionalized Elderly with Dementia
Martín, M. A. C., Silleras, B. D. M., Enciso, L. C., Marcos, S. D. L. C., & del Río, P. R. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407824-6.00101-4 · Cited by 3
Dey, D. K., Bosaeus, I. G., Lissner, L., & Steen, B. C. (2009) · Cited by 3
do Nascimento, M. A., da Silva, D. R. P., Ribeiro, A. S., Pina, F. L. C., Gerage, A. M., Gobbo, L. A., Mayhew, J. L., & Cyrino, E. S. (2018) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002581 · Cited by 3
“In addition, 6 prediction equations derived on older adults were used to estimate FFM before and after RT (EQ2, EQ3, EQ4, EQ5, EQ6, EQ7) (16,17,29,42,51).”
MethodChiang, C.-Y., Lan, C., Yang, C.-H., et al. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-34432-0 · Cited by 3
Arita, S., Ishimoto, Y., Hashizume, H., Nagata, K., Teraguchi, M., Muraki, S., Oka, H., Takami, M., Tsutsui, S., Iwasaki, H., et al. (2025) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-025-08751-x · Cited by 4
“Skeletal muscle mass was measured by bioimpedance analysis [14–18] using the Body Composition Analyzer MC-190 (Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan).”
Hsieh, K.-C. (2011) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY · doi:10.5897/ajb11.2289 · Cited by 3
“However, for the immobilization in elderly with chronic diseases in hospital and home-care unit, the easy operation, non-invasive, portable, no health risk to volunteers and fast evaluation characteristics in BIA estimation of body composition have rendered it a feasible application (Roubenoff et al., 1997; Kyle et al…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialJacob, K. J., Hajj‐Boutros, G., Sonjak, V., Leduc‐Gaudet, J., Broering, F. E., Flynn, C. R., Chevalier, S., Lamarche, M., Hussain, S. N. A., & Morais, J. A. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01877-2 · Cited by 3
“…(4) low muscle mass, identified by a muscle mass index (MMI) < 6.76 kg/m 2 using BIA (RJL Systems Inc., MI, USA) with the Roubenoff, Baumgartner [25] equation validated for older women; and (5) exhaustion, identified by at least one positive response to either of the 2 following questions: “How…”
InfluentialSerafini, S., Mascherini, G., Vaquero‐Cristóbal, R., Esparza-Ros, F., Campa, F., & Izzicupo, P. (2025) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk10040415 · Cited by 3
“Additionally, two studies used the 1990B analyzer from Valhalla Scientific (San Diego, CA, USA) [34,37], while one study employed the BCA analyzer from BCA Inc. (Schaumberg, IL, USA) [36] and one study the Quantum Analyzer from RJL System, Inc. (Clinton Township, MI, USA) [29].”
Wearable Bioelectrical impedance monitor based on ADuCM350
Li, N., Lin, M., & Li, F. (2019) · International Congress on Image and Signal Processing, BioMedical Engineering and Informatics (CISP-BMEI) · doi:10.1109/cisp-bmei48845.2019.8965939 · Cited by 2
“Previous studies have shown that skeletal muscle fatigue has a significant correlation with its bioelectrical impedance [4].”
BackgroundIwane, N., Hashizume, H., Murata, S., et al. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.84972 · Cited by 2
A review of the status of sarcopenia in elderly hospitalized patients
Xian, X., Zhang, J., & Yang, H. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000043365 · Cited by 3
Cugini, P., Salandri, A., Celli, V., Luparini, R. L., Rosa, R. D., & Marigliano, V. (2002) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/bf03327455 · Cited by 2
Buffa, R., Floris, G., & Marini, E. (2011) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-011-0162-x · Cited by 2
“Besides the already mentioned example (2), many equations have been specifically proposed for the elderly (see for instance those discussed by Heyward and Stolarczyk (4)).”
Place de l'impédancemétrie dans le dépistage de la dénutrition à l'hôpital
Maisonneuve, N., Genton, L., Karsegard, V. L., Kyle, U. G., Dupertuis, Y. M., & Pichard, C. (2003) · Nutrition Clinique et Métabolisme · doi:10.1016/j.nupar.2003.09.012 · Cited by 2
Macho, J. T., & Beltrán, L. M. (2023) · Revista Clínica Española · doi:10.1016/j.rce.2023.09.002 · Cited by 1
Multi-ancestry whole genome sequencing analysis of lean body mass
Zhang, X., Su, K.-J., Banerjee, B., Eres, I. E., Hsu, Y., Crandall, C. J., Rajashekar, D., Han, Z., Jackson, R. D., Liu, H., et al. (2025) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-025-03520-x · Cited by 2
Self-citationInsights into the mechanisms of body weight control
Pereira, S. (2025) · AJP Advances in Physiology Education · doi:10.1152/advan.00091.2025 · Cited by 1
Body Composition: Physiology, Pathophysiology and Methods of Evaluation
Sergi, G., Bonometto, P., Coin, A., & Enzi, G. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-0552-5_17 · Cited by 1
Jungert, A., & Neuhäuser‐Berthold, M. (2016) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-016-0785-z · Cited by 1
“Fat mass and fat-free mass were assessed by a single-frequency (50 kHz) bioelectrical impedance analyser in a supine position (Akern-RJL BIA 101/S, Data Input, Frankfurt, Germany) according to the formula of Roubenoff et al. (42).”
Identifying sarcopenia in older adults and its impact on late-life depression
Yu, S. Y., & Rabheru, K. (2023) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610223000108 · Cited by 1
Measurements of Muscle Mass, Equations and Cut‐off Points
Visser, M., & Schaap, L. S. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118338032.ch15 · Cited by 1
Martín, M. A. C. (2014) · doi:10.35376/10324/7542 · Cited by 1
Validity of non-invasive methods for body composition measurements in older adults
Li, Y. (2012) · doi:10.31274/etd-180810-2782 · Cited by 1
“…1991) Roubenoff: FFM (kg) = 7.74 + 0.45 ht2/R + 0.12 wt + 0.05 reactance (Women) FFM (kg) = 9.15 + 0.43 ht2/R + 0.20 wt + 0.07 reactance (Men) (Roubenoff et al., 1997) Kyle: FFM (kg) = –4.104 + 0.518 height2/R + 0.231 wt + 0.130 reactance + 4.229 sex (Kyle, Genton, Karsegard, Slosman, &…”
InfluentialOptimal Load for Increasing Muscle Power during Explosive Resistance Training in Older Adults
de Vos, N. J., Singh, N. A., Ross, D. A., Stavrinos, T. M., Orr, R., & Singh, M. A. F. (2004) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200405001-00140 · Cited by 16
Measurements of Muscle Mass, Equations and Cut‐off Points
Visser, M., & Schaap, L. S. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119597896.ch16 · Cited by 1
Panel Discussion: Physical Methods
Pierson, R. N. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-2090-9_14
Pfrimer, K. (2006) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2006.tde-17082006-153645
Biomedizinische Grundlagen zum Krafttraining im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Behringer, M. (2012)
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia in older adults
Chalhoub, D. (2015) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Foley, A. S. (2013) · Holmes Museum Of Anthropology (Wichita State University)
Hsieh, K.-C., Tuan, T. P., Pei, C., Lin, C.-Y., & Chi, W. M. (2008) · Gerontechnology · doi:10.4017/gt.2008.07.02.060.00
“This study compared results and errors of fat free mass prediction equations proposed by Roubenoff and Lohman [12, 13] for estimation body composition of elderly men by means of bioimpedance, such as (8), (9) implied individually.”
ResultResponse to D rs. S afer and S afer
Sousa, N., Mendes, R., & de Oliveira, J. J. F. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12712
“Moreover, it has been shown to evaluate body composition reliably in older adults.(3,4) To provide a more-accurate assessment of intracellular and extracellular water, a frequency of 50 kHz was selected.”
BackgroundMethodMijnarends, D. M., Meijers, J. M. M., ter Borg, S., & Halfens, R. J. G. (2012) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2012.07.088
Sternfeld et al. Respond to: "Body Composition in Studies of Aging"
Sternfeld, B. (2002) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwf025
Physical ability in bariatric patients - improvement needed by supervised and individual approach
Pintar, T., Carli, T., Godnov, U., Kaliterna, N., & Štotl, I. (2017) · Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.17532/jhsci.2017.447
Tavares, G. M. S., Schopf, P. P., Manfredini, V., de Moraes, J. F. D., & Gottlieb, M. G. V. (2016) · Pensar a Prática · doi:10.5216/rpp.v19i2.34460
“Several studies show a good level of agreement between imaging with BIA and anthropometric measurements not only for the diagnosis of muscle loss but for mainly sarcopenia (PROCTOR et al., 1999; ROSS, 1996; ROUBENOFF et al., 1997).”
BackgroundO impacto da gravidade da demência sobre o estado nutricional em idosos
Degiovanni, P. V. C. (2017) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2017.tde-03082016-090955
Muscle Deconditioning and Aging
Brioche, T., Py, G., & Chopard, A. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811353-0.00057-9
Magalhães, M. A. Z. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2018.tde-28092018-121711
Principales elementos a tener en cuenta para el correcto diagnóstico de la sarcopenia
Rodríguez, J. H., & Domínguez, Y. A. (2018) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)
van den Heuvel, E. (2018) · Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University)
Relationship Between Muscle Mass and Insulin Resistance in Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatitis B
Akbaş, E. S. (2019) · Southern Clinics of Istanbul Eurasia · doi:10.14744/scie.2019.03164
“Impedance measurements in elderly individuals can overestimate lean muscle mass, so body fat can be underestimated.[10]”
BackgroundThe Leucine Requirement of Older Adult Men Determined by Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Method
Szwiega, S. (2019) · TSpace (University of Toronto)
Macho, J. T., & Romero, L. M. B. (2023) · Revista Clínica Española (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.rceng.2023.10.003
Alfaro-Martínez, J.-J., Primo, D., Gonzalvo-Díaz, C., Izaola-Jáuregui, O., Vidal, M. J., Blasco, L. G., Ramos-Bachiller, B., Bellido, D., de Luis, D. A., & Gómez, J. J. L. (2025) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2025.501644
Martínez, J. J. A., Primo, D., Gonzalvo-Díaz, C., Izaola-Jáuregui, O., Vidal, M. J., Blasco, L. G., Ramos-Bachiller, B., Bellido, D., Román, D. A. D. L., & Lopez-Gomez, J. J. (2026) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.endien.2025.501644
Sales, W. B., Ribeiro-Samora, G. A., Barbosa, P. E. E. S., Vieira, E. R., Souza, G. F., & Maciel, Á. C. C. (2026) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-025-00400-y
“Despite such limitations, BIA offers a practical means for detecting hydration-related alterations in primary care settings, where simple and scalable screening instruments are essential for geriatric risk assessment [8, 9, 11].”
Ido, H., Seki, T., Osawa, Y., et al. (2026) · Journal of Orthopaedic Science · doi:10.1016/j.jos.2026.07.014
Santos, T. M. D. M., Bádue, G. S., Almeida, N. B., Dias, C. D. A., Santos, J. R. L., Pereira, P. M. G., Menezes, E. C., Moura, F. A., & Barros-Neto, J. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1895826
Ribeiro, A. S., Cahebo, A. N. S., Canguali, A. T., Lisboa, F., Kassiano, W., Cunha, P. M., do Nascimento, M. A., Martinho, D. V., Silva, A. M., Sardinha, L. B., et al. (2026) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports14100421
Nutritional Management of the Elderly
Young, L. S., & Apovian, C. M. (2005) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420038309.ch4
Metadata
- Authors
- Roubenoff, R., Baumgartner, R. N., Harris, T. B., Dallal, G. E., Hannan, M. T., Economos, C. D., Stauber, P. M., Wilson, P. W. F., & Kiel, D. P.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- University of New Mexico (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Framingham Heart Study (US)
- Hebrew SeniorLife (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1997-05-01
- Volume
- 52A
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- M129-M136
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- OpenAlex
- W1986223929
- Cited by
- 258
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute on Aging (Y01 AG-20195)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (F32DK008443)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR041398)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Keywords
- bioelectrical impedance analysis, body composition, fat-free mass, older adults, equation validation, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aging, Body Composition, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Humans, Models, Biological, Absorptiometry, Photon, Electric Impedance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
