Treadmill Exercise Testing in an Epidemiologic Study of Elderly Subjects
Abstract
We sought to characterize the physical performance of older subjects in a community-based study of aging and fitness and to establish norms of oxygen consumption during exercise in this group. A community-based census identified 3057 age-eligible individuals of whom 2092 individuals (68.4%) agreed to participate in the overall study. Of these, 1101 subjects between 55 and 94 years of age who were free of known heart disease and able to perform treadmill exercise were tested using the Cornell protocol. Of these 1101 subjects, 73.8% of women and 89.5% of men (p < .001) exceeded what was considered a minimal threshold workload [i.e., > or =2 min of exercise and a respiratory exchange ratio (RER) > or = 1.00]. Moreover, 32.9% of women and 52.7% of men achieved a RER > or = 1.10 and were considered to have achieved maximal exercise. For all subjects who exceeded the minimal exercise workload, the mean exercise duration was 10.0 +/- 4.0 min for women and 13.2 +/- 4.6 min for men. Peak VO2/kg x min(-1) decreased linearly with age for both women (y = 38.33 - 0.27 x age + 1.12 H) and men (y = 41.78 - 0.26 x age + 12.65 H - 0.15 H x age), (p < .001 for sex difference), where H is defined as presence (=1) or absence (=0) of a disease condition. However, this sex-related difference disappeared when VO2/kg x min(-1) was adjusted for lean body mass. Thus, from a community-based sample of older persons, we have provided data (by 5-year age groups) for rates of participation in treadmill exercise testing and the success rate for achieving maximal exercise. Oxygen consumption and other exercise data are presented for older, healthy subjects as well as for those with various chronic diseases associated with aging (excluding those with cardiac or cerebrovascular disease). Exercise duration, peak VO2/kg x min(-1) (normalized for total and lean body mass), and peak exercise heart rate declined with age. Most of the sex difference in peak VO2/kg x min(-1) could be explained by the greater percent of body fat in women.
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The link between fitness and functional capacity is well established.
“The link between fitness and functional capacity is well established (24,28), but rarely has objectively measured fitness been applied to identification of covert or impending mobility limitations (29).”
From Mobility Limitation in Self-Described Well-Functioning Older Adults: Importance of Endurance Walk Testing (2008) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Hollenberg, M., Ngo, L. H., Turner, D., & Tager, I. B.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco VA Medical Center (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- ORCID
- Ngo, L. H.
- Venue
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-07-01
- Volume
- 53A
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- B259-B267
- ISSN
- 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-535X
- OpenAlex
- W2148724641
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7
- FWCI
- 5.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institute on Aging (RO1 AG09389, R01AG009389)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- treadmill exercise testing, older adults, peak oxygen uptake, exercise capacity, sex differences, lean body mass, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate response to exercise, fat mass
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, California, Exercise Test, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Fitness, Reference Values, Respiratory Function Tests, Body Mass Index, Chi-Square Distribution
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