Mobility Limitation in Self-Described Well-Functioning Older Adults: Importance of Endurance Walk Testing

Simonsick, E. M.; Newman, A. B.; Visser, M.; Goodpaster, B.; Kritchevsky, S. B.; Rubin, S.; Nevitt, M. C.; Harris, T. B.; for the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study

doi:10.1093/gerona/63.8.841

Cited by 147Balance, Gait, and Falls PreventionFrailty in Older AdultsNutrition and Health in Aging

Mobility Limitation in Self-Described Well-Functioning Older Adults: Importance of Endurance Walk Testing

Open access

Simonsick, E. M., Newman, A. B., Visser, M., Goodpaster, B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Rubin, S., Nevitt, M. C., Harris, T. B. +1 more·2008·The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences

DOI 10.1093/gerona/63.8.841PMC PMC5722013

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Mobility limitations are prevalent, potentially reversible precursors to mobility loss that may go undetected in older adults. This study evaluates standardized administration of an endurance walk test for identifying unrecognized and impending mobility limitation in community elders. METHODS: Men and women (1480 and 1576, respectively) aged 70-79 years with no reported mobility limitation participating in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study were administered the Long Distance Corridor Walk. Walk performance was examined to determine unrecognized mobility deficits at baseline and predict new self-recognition of mobility limitation within 2 years. RESULTS: On testing, 23% and 36% of men and women evidenced mobility deficits defined as a contraindication to exertion, meeting stopping criteria or exceeding 7 minutes to walk 400 m. Unrecognized deficits increased with age and were more prevalent in blacks, smokers, obese individuals, and infrequent walkers. Within 2 years, 21% and 34% of men and women developed newly recognized mobility limitation; those with baseline unrecognized deficits had higher rates, 40% and 54% (p <.001), respectively. For each additional 30 seconds over 5 minutes needed to walk 400 m, likelihood of newly recognized mobility limitation increased by 65% and 37% in men and women independent of age, race, obesity, smoking status, habitual walking, reported walking ease, and usual gait speed. CONCLUSIONS: A sizable proportion of elders who report no walking difficulty have observable deficits in walking performance that precede and predict their recognition of mobility limitation. Endurance walk testing can help identify these deficits and provide the basis for treatment to delay progression of mobility loss.

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Findingown data
Using a more restrictive definition of poor LDCW performance, needing more than 6.5 minutes to complete 400 m, improved sensitivity to .53 in men and .64 in women with little reduction in specificity (.81 and .69).
“Using a more restrictive definition of poor performance on the LDCW, needing .6.5 minutes to complete 400 m, for instance, improves sensitivity to .53 and .64 with little diminution of specificity (.81 and .69).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Among those completing the LDCW, each additional 30 seconds over 5 minutes needed to walk 400 m was associated with a 65% higher likelihood of newly recognized mobility limitation in men and a 37% higher likelihood in women, independent of age, race, obesity, smoking status, habitual walking, reported walking ease, and usual gait speed.
“For each additional 30 seconds over 5 minutes needed to walk 400 m, likelihood of newly recognized mobility limitation increased by 65% and 37% in men and women independent of age, race, obesity, smoking status, habitual walking, reported walking ease, and usual gait speed.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Participants with baseline unrecognized mobility deficits had higher rates of newly recognized mobility limitation than those without such deficits: 40.0% vs 15.8% in men and 54.0% vs 23.6% in women (p<.001).
“Persons identified as having unrecognized deficits at baseline had higher rates of newly recognized limitation (40.0%vs 15.8% in men and 54.0% vs 23.6% in women; p , .001) and mobility disability (18.2% vs 3.7% in men and 23.1% vs 6.0% in women; p , .001) relative to those with no objective evidence of mobility deficits at baseline.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Participants with baseline unrecognized mobility deficits had higher rates of mobility disability than those without such deficits: 18.2% vs 3.7% in men and 23.1% vs 6.0% in women (p<.001).
“Persons identified as having unrecognized deficits at baseline had higher rates of newly recognized limitation (40.0%vs 15.8% in men and 54.0% vs 23.6% in women; p , .001) and mobility disability (18.2% vs 3.7% in men and 23.1% vs 6.0% in women; p , .001) relative to those with no objective evidence of mobility deficits at baseline.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
In the Health ABC cohort of 70-79 year olds who reported no mobility limitation, 23% of men and 36% of women had unrecognized mobility deficits at baseline, defined as a contraindication to exertion, meeting stopping criteria, or needing more than 7 minutes to walk 400 m.
“On testing, 23% and 36% of men and women evidenced mobility deficits defined as a contraindication to exertion, meeting stopping criteria or exceeding 7 minutes to walk 400 m.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

Findingown data
Stopping participants when heart rate exceeded 135 beats per minute accounted for 44% of those who stopped.
“Second, due to safety concerns, participants were stopped when their test heart rate exceeded 135 beats per minute (accounting for 44% of those who stopped).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Men and women who attempted but did not complete the LDCW or needed at least 7 minutes to walk 400 m were four times as likely to report newly self-recognized mobility limitation as those who completed the LDCW.
“As shown in Table 4, both men and women attempting but not completing the LDCW or needing at least 7 minutes to walk 400 m were four times as likely to report newly selfrecognized mobility limitation as those completing the LDCW.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingown data
Even participants who completed 400 m in 5 minutes 30 seconds had elevated risk of newly recognized limitation.
“Even persons completing 400 m in 5 minutes and 30 seconds exhibited elevated risk.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Findingcitation
12% of men and 14% of women met established criteria indicating that brisk walking may be unsafe.
“Despite reports of no walking difficulty, 23% of men and 36% of women exhibited evidence of unrecognized mobility deficits; 12% and 14%, respectively, met established criteria indicating that brisk walking may be unsafe (21), and 11% and 22% showed objective evidence of mobility deficits, either because they could not complete the LDCW (7% and 14%) or needed .7 minutes to walk 400 m ''as quickly”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites [21] source
  Not checked in the free run.
Premisecitation
Walking ability is not routinely or systematically assessed in clinical practice.
“National surveys estimate upwards of 40% of persons 65 years old or older have mobility limitation (3,4), yet walking ability is not routinely or systematically assessed in clinical practice (5,6).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
- cites [5] source
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- cites [6] source
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Interpretationown data
Standard questions about walking difficulty may be less sensitive or yield less accurate results in select subgroups, such as smokers and obese persons.
“Further, it is clear that standard questions about walking difficulty may be less sensitive or yield less accurate results in select subgroups (those who tend to have poorer health behaviors-smokers and obese persons, for instance).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Premisecitation
Timed gait over a short distance and performance on brief tests of lower extremity function consistently predict mobility limitation and disability.
“Timed gait over a short distance and performance on brief tests of lower extremity function consistently predict mobility limitation and disability (11)(12)(13)(14).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites (11)(12)(13)(14)
  Not checked in the free run.
Interpretationown data
The LDCW performance, gait speed, and reported ease walking 1 mile each contribute a unique dimension of mobility status.
“All three measures showed an independent association with newly self-recognized mobility limitation (Table 4), suggesting that each contributes a unique dimension of mobility status.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Premisecitation
Few older adults, even those who report no walking difficulty, regularly walk.
“Moreover, because few older adults, even those who report no walking difficulty, regularly walk (7)(8)(9), there is likely to be substantial unrecognized mobility limitation (10).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites (7)(8)(9)
  Not checked in the free run.
Interpretationown data
For men in particular, endurance walk testing may be especially important in those who meet none of the usual criteria suggestive of mobility deficits.
“Thus, it would appear for men in particular that endurance walk testing may be especially important in those who meet none of the usual criteria suggestive of mobility deficits.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationown data
Endurance walk testing can help identify unrecognized mobility deficits in older adults who report no walking difficulty.
“Endurance walk testing can help identify these deficits and provide the basis for treatment to delay progression of mobility loss.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Study design and conductown data
Stopping persons when their heart rate exceeded 135 beats per minute may have been overly cautious.
“Thus, stopping persons when their heart rate exceeded 135 beats per minute may have been overly cautious.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Premisecitation
Objectively measured fitness has rarely been applied to identification of covert or impending mobility limitations.
“The link between fitness and functional capacity is well established (24,28), but rarely has objectively measured fitness been applied to identification of covert or impending mobility limitations (29).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites [29] source
  Not checked in the free run.
Interpretationown data
A sizable proportion of older adults who report no walking difficulty have observable deficits in walking performance that precede and predict their recognition of mobility limitation.
“A sizable proportion of elders who report no walking difficulty have observable deficits in walking performance that precede and predict their recognition of mobility limitation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Study design and conductown data
By including persons who stopped due to heart rate above 135 among the stoppers, the study may have underestimated the true prognostic significance of inability to complete the LDCW.
“By including such persons among ''the stoppers,'' we may have underestimated the true prognostic significance of inability to complete the LDCW.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Interpretationown data
The study demonstrates the utility of LDCW test performance for identifying individuals with prevalent mobility deficits or impending limitation.
“Here we demonstrate the utility of test performance for identifying individuals with prevalent mobility deficits or impending limitation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Premisecitation
Brief measures of lower extremity function may be insufficiently challenging to capture most persons with cardiorespiratory endurance-related or vascularly related threats to mobility.
“These measures, however, may be insufficiently challenging to capture the preponderance of persons with cardiorespiratory endurancerelated or vascularly related threats to mobility (15)(16)(17).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites (15)(16)(17)
  Not checked in the free run.
Interpretationreasoning
Questions about walking difficulty over a distance of one-quarter mile or more may be answered inaccurately simply because the respondent has not attempted to walk such a distance in quite some time.
“Thus, questions about walking difficulty over a distance of one-quarter mile or more may be answered inaccurately simply because the respondent has not attempted to walk such a distance in quite some time.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Premisecitation
Symptom reports and perceptions of functional difficulty require a level of sustained exertion rarely achieved by most older adults.
“Symptom reports and perceptions of functional difficulty require a level of sustained exertion rarely achieved by the majority of older adults (18).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites [18] source
  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims. 21
The quote only partly states this claim. 2
Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 5

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown data
For identifying impending mobility limitation, reporting that walking 1 mile is other than very easy had the highest sensitivity (.68 men, .84 women) but lowest specificity (.62 men, .50 women) and positive predictive value (.33 men, .47 women); gait speed below 1.0 m/s had the lowest sensitivity (.30 men, .43 women) but highest specificity (.89 men, .78 women); poor LDCW performance had the same.
“Evaluating the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of these assessments for identifying impending mobility limitation we found for both men and women, reporting that walking 1 mile is other than very easy had the highest sensitivity (.68 and .84)but lowest specificity (.62 and .50)and positive predictive value (.33 and .47)whereas gait speed ,1.0 m/s had the lowest sensitivity”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.
Findingown data
In the cohort, 42% of men and 51% of women walked less than 30 minutes in the previous week, and more than 90% of these reported no walking at all.
“As shown in Table 1, within this cohort of 70-year-olds reporting no walking difficulty, 42% of men and 51% of women walked ,30 minutes in the previous week, of which .90% reported no walking at all.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
After adjustment for demographic and behavioral factors, gait speed, and reported ease walking 1 mile, men and women unable to complete or performing poorly on the LDCW were 2.66 (1.79-3.94) and 2.28 (1.70-3.05) times more likely to have newly recognized limitations.
“After accounting for demographic and behavioral factors, gait speed, and reported ease walking 1 mile, men and women unable to complete or performing poorly on the LDCW were 2.66 (1.79-3.94)and 2.28 (1.70-3.05)times more likely to have newly recognized limitations.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Within two years, 21% of men and 34% of women met criteria for newly self-recognized mobility limitation, and 7% of men and 12% of women met criteria for mobility disability.
“Within 2 years, 21% and 34% of men and women met criteria for newly self-recognized mobility limitation by reporting difficulty walking one-quarter mile or climbing one flight of stairs at two consecutive semiannual contacts; 7% and 12% met criteria for mobility disability.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Among black women, 48% met criteria for unrecognized deficits and 42% had self-recognized limitation within 2 years.
“For instance, 48% of black women Note: Nonwalkers reported walking a total of ,30 minutes in a typical week.Persons with unrecognized mobility deficits constitute those who were either excluded from the Long Distance Corridor Walk-that is, had a medical contraindication to exertion, were unable to complete the 400-meter walk, or needed .7 minutes to walk 400 meters as quickly as possible.met crit”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Women who walked less than 30 minutes per week had a higher prevalence of unrecognized mobility deficits than women who walked at least 30 minutes per week (43.7% vs 27.5%, p<.001); the corresponding difference in men was smaller (25.7% vs 21.0%, p=.041).
“Unrecognized deficits were substantially greater in women who walked infrequently relative to women who walked at least 30 minutes per week-43.7%versus 27.5% (p , .001).Respective differences were less remarkable in men-25.7%versus 21.0% (p ¼ .041).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
55% of men and 38% of women reported that walking 1 mile was very easy, and 85% of men and 71% of women had a usual gait speed above 1.0 m/s.
“Overall, 55% of men and 38% of women reported that walking for 1 mile is very easy, and 85% and 71% had a usual gait speed exceeding 1.0 m/s, typically considered indicative of good mobility (12,14).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
In both sexes, those excluded from attempting and those unable to complete the LDCW had much higher rates of newly recognized limitation than those completing the LDCW; among completers, men needing at least 6 minutes 30 seconds and women needing at least 7 minutes had greater or comparably high rates.
“Figure 1 shows that, in both men and women, those excluded from attempting and those unable to complete the LDCW had much higher rates of newly recognized limitation than those completing the LDCW, but that among persons completing the LDCW, men needing at least 6 minutes and 30 seconds and women needing at least 7 minutes had greater or comparably high rates of newly recognized limitation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
All three measures-LDCW performance, gait speed, and reported ease walking 1 mile-showed an independent association with newly self-recognized mobility limitation.
“All three measures showed an independent association with newly self-recognized mobility limitation (Table 4), suggesting that each contributes a unique dimension of mobility status.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
The odds ratios for newly recognized mobility limitation and mobility disability associated with baseline unrecognized deficits were 2.36 (1.75-3.18) and 4.02 (2.56-6.31) in men, and 2.37 (1.85-3.04) and 2.93 (2.05-4.18) in women.
“The respective odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for limitation and disability were 2.36 (1.75-3.18)and 4.02 (2.56-6.31) in men and 2.37 (1.85-3.04)and 2.93 (2.05-4.18) in women.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Among participants who had neither a gait speed below 1.0 m/s nor reported walking 1 mile as other than very easy, rates of newly self-recognized limitation in those unable to complete the LDCW or needing more than 5.5 minutes to walk 400 m versus those completing in less than 5.5 minutes were 20.1% vs 6.3% in men (p<.001) and 14.9% vs 9.2% in women (p=.048).
“In these 739 men and 502 women, rates of newly selfrecognized limitation in those unable to complete the LDCW or needing more than 5.5 minutes to walk 400 m versus those completing 400 m in ,5.5 minutes were 20.1% versus 6.3% in men (p , .001) and 14.9% versus 9.2% in women (p ¼ .048).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Among those who stopped, 14% of men and 38% of women who stopped because heart rate exceeded 135 developed newly recognized mobility limitation, compared with 64% of men and 67% of women who stopped for other reasons (p<.001).
“Examining this group separately, we found that 14% and 38% of men and women developed newly recognized mobility limitation in contrast to 64% and 67% who stopped for other reasons (p , .001).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingreasoning
Overall, 30% of the cohort had unrecognized deficits and 27% developed self-recognized mobility limitation within 2 years; one third of those with limitation had mobility disability.
“As nearly half did not routinely walk, it is not surprising that overall, 30% had unrecognized deficits and 27% developed selfrecognized mobility limitation within 2 years; of these persons, one third had mobility disability.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
The likelihood of unrecognized mobility deficits rose with age and was higher among black participants, current or recent smokers, and obese individuals, independent of other attributes, in both men and women.
“As shown in Table 3, in both men and women, the likelihood of unrecognized mobility deficits increased with age and was greater in blacks, current or recent smokers, and obese individuals independent of other attributes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Both a gait speed below 1.0 m/s and reporting that walking 1 mile is other than very easy predicted development of newly self-recognized mobility limitation.
“As evident from Table 4, both having a gait speed ,1.0 m/s and reporting that walking 1 mile is other than very easy predicted development of newly self-recognized mobility limitation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
11% of men and 22% of women showed objective evidence of mobility deficits, either because they could not complete the LDCW (7% and 14%) or needed more than 7 minutes to walk 400 m.
“Despite reports of no walking difficulty, 23% of men and 36% of women exhibited evidence of unrecognized mobility deficits; 12% and 14%, respectively, met established criteria indicating that brisk walking may be unsafe (21), and 11% and 22% showed objective evidence of mobility deficits, either because they could not complete the LDCW (7% and 14%) or needed .7 minutes to walk 400 m ''as quickly”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Findingown data
The study cohort had a mean age of 74 years, 51% were women, 42% were black, and equal numbers came from Memphis and Pittsburgh.
“The study cohort mean age was 74 years, 51% were women and 42% were black, and equal numbers were from Memphis and Pittsburgh.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
May combine two claims.
Findingown data
Within sex strata, black participants and Memphis participants were more likely to walk infrequently, as were current or recent male smokers, obese women, and women who did not complete high school.
“Within sex-strata, blacks and Memphis participants were more likely to walk infrequently as were current or recent male smokers, obese women, and women who did not complete high school.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Premisecitation
Older men typically demonstrate better physical performance than women at a given level of reported functioning.
“Because older men typically demonstrate better physical performance than women at a given level of reported functioning (25), analyses were conducted separately for men and women.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites [25] source
  Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisecitation
The LDCW encourages a near maximal effort in older ambulatory adults.
“Self-paced corridor walks however, may be more practical for older adults in both clinical and community settings (30)(31)(32), and the LDCW in particular encourages a near maximal effort in older ambulatory adults (19).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
- cites [19] source
  Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).
Study design and conductnone given
Test performance may have directly influenced participant discovery of existing walking difficulty.
“Last, we must acknowledge that test performance may have directly influenced participant discovery of existing walking difficulty.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
May combine two claims.
Interpretationown data
When sufficient time and/or space are unavailable, asking individuals whether walking 1 mile would be easy and/or administering a short walk test can aid identification of persons with covert mobility limitation.
“When sufficient time and/or space are unavailable, the multivariate analyses indicate that simply asking individuals whether walking 1 mile would be easy for them and/or administering a short walk test can aid identification of persons with covert mobility limitation (30).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
May combine two claims.
Premisecitation
The LDCW has previously been shown to have prognostic value for prevalent subclinical cardiovascular disease and for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular events, and functional limitation over 4-6 years.
“Previously, we demonstrated the prognostic value of the LDCW for identifying prevalent subclinical cardiovascular disease (26) and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular events and functional limitation over 4-6 years (27).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
- cites [26] source
  Not checked in the free run.
- cites [27] source
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May combine two claims.
Premisecitation
Mobility limitation is an initial, potentially reversible stage of mobility loss and a precursor to mobility disability.
“Mobility limitation, typically defined as reported difficulty walking for one-quarter mile or climbing one flight of stairs, represents an initial, potentially reversible stage of mobility loss; a precursor to mobility disability, the inability to ambulate without great difficulty or assistance (1,2).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
- cites [1] source
  Not checked in the free run.
- cites [2] source
  Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
Premisecitation
The link between fitness and functional capacity is well established.
“The link between fitness and functional capacity is well established (24,28), but rarely has objectively measured fitness been applied to identification of covert or impending mobility limitations (29).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
- cites [24] source
  Not checked in the free run.
- cites [28] source
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25 of 25

The paper relies on this without support.
Meeting the LDCW exclusion criteria, stopping criteria, or needing more than 7 minutes to walk 400 m indicates an unrecognized mobility deficit.
“Unrecognized mobility deficits.-Atbaseline, unrecognized mobility deficits were considered present when a participant: (a) met established exclusion criteria (see above) indicating a contraindication to exertion or outright refused to attempt the LDCW; (b) met stopping criteria and did not complete the LDCW; or (c) needed .7 minutes to walk 400 m, which equates to a cardiorespiratory fitness level”
The paper relies on this without support.
Self-reported absence of difficulty walking one-quarter mile accurately identifies older adults without mobility limitation.
“As a condition of study eligibility, all participants were free of reported difficulty walking for one-quarter mile.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Two consecutive semiannual reports of difficulty within 2 years represent persistent newly recognized mobility limitation.
“The requirement for two consecutive reports of difficulty distinguishes transient from persistent limitations.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The covariates included in the models adequately control for confounding of the association between LDCW performance and newly recognized mobility limitation.
“After accounting for demographic and behavioral factors, gait speed, and reported ease walking 1 mile, men and women unable to complete or performing poorly on the LDCW were 2.66 (1.79-3.94)and 2.28 (1.70-3.05)times more likely to have newly recognized limitations.”

4 of 4

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Six other articles identified by the systematic review were all consistent with previous results on gait speed predicting future ADL or mobility disability.
“Six other articles were identified by the systematic review, all consistent with previous exposed results”
From Gait speed at usual pace as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people an International Academy on Nutrition and Aging (IANA) Task Force (2009) · cites this paper as [25]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

Obesity definitions disagree at a BMI of 30
Minor
The methods include participants whose BMI equals 30 in the obesity category, while the Table 1 note includes only those whose BMI exceeds 30.

1 of 1

A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · see citing works
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Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability
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Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited
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“Heart rate was continuously monitored during testing (Polar Pacer, Model 61190; Polar Electro, Oy, Finland) and participants were stopped if: (a) their heart rate exceeded 135 beats per minute, which represents 85%–90% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate for persons aged 70–79 years (22); or (b) they experienced d…”
The disablement process.
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Lower extremity function and subsequent disability: consistency across studies, predictive models, and value of gait speed alone compared with the short physical performance battery
Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Pieper, C. F., Leveille, S. G., Markides, K. S., Ostir, G. V., Studenski, S., Berkman, L. F., & Wallace, R. B. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.4.m221 · Cited by 2,898 · see citing works
Physical performance measures in the clinical setting
Studenski, S., Perera, S., Wallace, D., Chandler, J. M., Duncan, P. W., Rooney, E., Fox, M., & Guralnik, J. M. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2003.51104.x · Cited by 1,218 · see citing works
Prognostic Value of Usual Gait Speed in Well‐Functioning Older People—Results from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Cesari, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Penninx, B. W. H. J., Nicklas, B. J., Simonsick, E. M., Newman, A. B., Tylavsky, F. A., Brach, J. S., Satterfield, S., Bauer, D. C., et al. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53501.x · Cited by 1,192 · cited 1× · see citing works
“0 m/s, typically considered indicative of good mobility (12,14).”
Self-citation
Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription
Sharp, N. C. C. (1993) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.27.2.138-a · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Association of Long-Distance Corridor Walk Performance With Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, Mobility Limitation, and Disability
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Self-citation
Effects of a Physical Activity Intervention on Measures of Physical Performance: Results of the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) Study
The LIFE Study Investigators* [*See Appendix for List of LIFE Study Investigators] (2006) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/61.11.1157 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
Effects of Exercise Training on Frailty in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: Results of a Randomized, Controlled Trial
Binder, E. F., Schechtman, K. B., Ehsani, A. A., Steger‐May, K., Brown, M., Sinacore, D. R., Yarasheski, K. E., & Holloszy, J. O. (2002) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50601.x · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Measuring Higher Level Physical Function in Well-Functioning Older Adults: Expanding Familiar Approaches in the Health ABC Study
Simonsick, E. M., Newman, A. B., Nevitt, M. C., Kritchevsky, S. B., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Harris, T. B., & for the Health ABC Study Group (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.10.m644 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Association Between Physical Function and Lifestyle Activity and Exercise in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Brach, J. S., Simonsick, E. M., Kritchevsky, S., Yaffe, K., Newman, A. B., & for the Health, A. A. B. C. S. R. G. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52154.x · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Self-citation
Measuring Fitness in Healthy Older Adults: The Health ABC Long Distance Corridor Walk
Simonsick, E. M., Montgomery, P. S., Newman, A. B., Bauer, D. C., & Harris, T. (2001) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.4911247.x · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Self-citation
Risk due to inactivity in physically capable older adults.
Simonsick, E. M., Lafferty, M. E., Phillips, C. L., Mendes de Leon, C. F., Kasl, S. V., Seeman, T. E., Fillenbaum, G., Hebert, P., & Lemke, J. H. (1993) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.83.10.1443 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence of physical activity in the United States: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2001.
Macera, C. A., Ham, S. A., Yore, M. M., JONES, D. A., Ainsworth, B. E., Kimsey, C. D., & Kohl, H. W. (2005) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Coimpairments as Predictors of Severe Walking Disability in Older Women
Rantanen, T., Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Leveille, S. G., Sipilä, S., & Fried, L. P. (2001) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49005.x · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Mobility Limitations in the Medicare Population: Prevalence and Sociodemographic and Clinical Correlates
Shumway‐Cook, A., Ciol, M. A., Yorkston, K. M., Hoffman, J. M., & Chan, L. E. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53372.x · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Estimating Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Well‐Functioning Older Adults: Treadmill Validation of the Long Distance Corridor Walk
Simonsick, E. M., Fan, E., & Fleg, J. L. (2006) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.00530.x · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Self-citation
Identifying Early Decline of Physical Function in Community-Dwelling Older Women: Performance-Based and Self-Report Measures
Brach, J. S., VanSwearingen, J. M., Newman, A. B., & Kriska, A. M. (2002) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/82.4.320 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citation
Reliability of the 400-m usual pace walk test as an assessment of mobility limitation in older adults
Rolland, Y. M., Cesari, M., Miller, M. E., Penninx, B. W., Atkinson, H. H., & Pahor, M. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52267.x · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Walking Performance and Cardiovascular Response: Associations With Age and Morbidity--The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study
Newman, A. B., Haggerty, C. L., Kritchevsky, S. B., Nevitt, M. C., & Simonsick, E. M. (2003) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/58.8.m715 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citation
Predictors of physical activity in community-dwelling elderly white women
Walsh, J. M. E., Pressman, A. R., Cauley, J. A., & Browner, W. S. (2001) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.00506.x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
A prehabilitation program for the prevention of functional decline: effect on higher-level physical function
Gill, T. M., Baker, D. I., Gottschalk, M., Peduzzi, P. N., Allore, H. G., & Ness, P. H. V. (2004) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2003.10.021 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Impairments of muscles and nerves associated with peripheral arterial disease and their relationship with lower extremity functioning: the InCHIANTI Study
Mcdermott, M. M., Guralnik, J. M., Albay, M., Bandinelli, S., Miniati, B., & Ferrucci, L. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52113.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Who Walks? Factors Associated with Walking Behavior in Disabled Older Women With and Without Self‐Reported Walking Difficulty
Simonsick, E. M., Guralnik, J. M., & Fried, L. P. (1999) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb01588.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citation
Maximal Aerobic Capacity Testing of Older Adults: A Critical Review
Huggett, D. L., Connelly, D. M., & Overend, T. J. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.1.57 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Treadmill Exercise Testing in an Epidemiologic Study of Elderly Subjects
Hollenberg, M., Ngo, L. H., Turner, D., & Tager, I. B. (1998) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/53a.4.b259 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Is there a threshold between peak oxygen uptake and self-reported physical functioning in older adults?
MOREY, M. C., PIEPER, C. F., & CORNONI-HUNTLEY, J. (1998) · Medicine& Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-199808000-00007 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Concordance and discordance between two measures of lower extremity function: 400 meter self-paced walk and SPPB
Sayers, S. P., Guralnik, J. M., Newman, A. B., Brach, J. S., & Fielding, R. A. (2006) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03327424 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citation
Further Evidence for the Importance of Subclinical Functional Limitation and Subclinical Disability Assessment in Gerontology and Geriatrics
Wolinsky, F. D., Miller, D. K., Andresen, E. M., Malmstrom, T. K., & Miller, J. P. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/60.3.s146 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Peak Aerobic Power Is an Important Component of Physical Performance in Older Women
Binder, E. F., Birge, S. J., Spina, R. J., Ehsani, A. A., Brown, M., Sinacore, D. R., & Kohrt, W. M. (1999) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/54.7.m353 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Physical-Performance Tests to Evaluate Mobility Disability in Community-Dwelling Elders
Wang, C.-Y., Olson, S. L., & Protas, E. J. (2005) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.13.2.184 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Screening for poor performance of lower extremity in primary care: the Camucia Project
Cavazzini, C., Conti, M., Bandinelli, S., Gangemi, S., Gallinella, M., Lauretani, F., Lucci, G., Windham, B. G., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2004) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03324560 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

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2000, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55A, M221
2001, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 56A, M644
Gohdes, 2005, Preventing chronic disease [electronic resource], 2, A17
2001, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 137, 153
1999, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 54A, M353
1994, The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 49A, M85

Sorted by citations

Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Studenski, S. (2011) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2010.1923 · Cited by 4,558 · see citing works
Gait speed at usual pace as a predictor of adverse outcomes in community-dwelling older people an International Academy on Nutrition and Aging (IANA) Task Force
Abellan Van Kan, G., Rolland, Y., Andrieu, S., Bauer, J., Beauchet, O., Bonnefoy, M., Cesari, M., Donini, L. M., Gillette-Guyonnet, S., Inzitari, M., et al. (2009) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-009-0246-z · Cited by 2,003 · see citing works
Self-citation
Translating Fatigue to Human Performance
ENOKA, R. M., & DUCHATEAU, J. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000929 · Cited by 948 · see citing works
“The distance that can be walked in 2 min varies across the lifespan (Figure 3) and walking endurance is reduced in old adults (65-102 yrs) who self-report elevated levels of fatigue (61,70).”
Background
Mobility in Older Adults: A Comprehensive Framework
Webber, S. C., Porter, M. M., & Menec, V. H. (2010) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnq013 · Cited by 914 · see citing works
“Approximately one third to one half of individuals 65 years of age or older report difficulties related to walking or climbing stairs (Shumway-Cook, Ciol, Yorkston, Hoffman, & Chan, 2005; Statistics Canada, 2007), which are common tests used to quantify mobility capabilities (Guralnik, Ferrucci, Simonsick, Salive, & W…”
Background
Combined Prevalence of Frailty and Mild Cognitive Impairment in a Population of Elderly Japanese People
Shimada, H., Makizako, H., Doi, T., Yoshida, D., Tsutsumimoto, K., Anan, Y., Uemura, K., Ito, T., Lee, S., Park, H., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.03.010 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
Use of the Short Physical Performance Battery Score to Predict Loss of Ability to Walk 400 Meters: Analysis From the InCHIANTI Study
Vasunilashorn, S. M., Coppin, A. K., Patel, K. V., Lauretani, F., Ferrucci, L., Bandinelli, S., & Guralnik, J. M. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gln022 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
Ability to Walk 1/4 Mile Predicts Subsequent Disability, Mortality, and Health Care Costs
Hardy, S. E., Kang, Y., Studenski, S. A., & Degenholtz, H. B. (2011) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-010-1543-2 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
“Non-Hispanic Black 439 (8) 170 (6) 167 (10) 102 (9) Hispanic 420 (7) 223 (7) 126 (8) 71 (7) Other 241 (4) 121 (4) 70 (4) 50 (4) Married 3132 (55) 1871 (62) 819 (50) 442 (42) Annual income in $1,000 s 29.”
Sex-specific differences in gait patterns of healthy older adults: Results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Ko, S.-U., Tolea, M. I., Hausdorff, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2011) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.05.005 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
“Clarifying this issue is important because older adults have higher prevalence of pathologies that affect gait performance and increase the likelihood of mobility disability (Helbostad et al. 2007; Simonsick et al. 2008).”
Background
Obesity in older adults: relationship to functional limitation
Jensen, G. L., & Hsiao, P. Y. (2009) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e32833309cf · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Change in Pain and Physical Function Following Bariatric Surgery for Severe Obesity
King, W. C., Chen, J.-Y., Belle, S. H., Courcoulas, A. P., Dakin, G. F., Elder, K. A., Flum, D. R., Hinojosa, M. W., Mitchell, J. E., Pories, W. J., et al. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.3010 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Optimizing Mobility in Later Life: The Role of the Urban Built Environment for Older Adults Aging in Place
Clarke, P. J., & Gallagher, N. A. (2013) · Journal of Urban Health · doi:10.1007/s11524-013-9800-4 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Characteristics of 400-Meter Walk Test Performance and Subsequent Mortality in Older Adults
Vestergaard, S., Patel, K. V., Bandinelli, S., Ferrucci, L., & Guralnik, J. M. (2009) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2009.0853 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“It is noteworthy that the observed association of time and lap time CV with mortality being independent of the SPPB is consistent with results recently published, 14 where the value of the long-distance corridor walk in predicting mobility limitation had been examined.”
Active-to-Sedentary Behavior Transitions, Fatigability, and Physical Functioning in Older Adults
Schrack, J. A., Kuo, P.-L., Wanigatunga, A. A., Di, J., Simonsick, E. M., Spira, A. P., Ferrucci, L., & Zipunnikov, V. (2018) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gly243 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citation
Assessing Fatigability in Mobility‐Intact Older Adults
Simonsick, E. M., Schrack, J. A., Glynn, N. W., & Ferrucci, L. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12638 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citation
Race, socioeconomic resources, and late-life mobility and decline: findings from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study.
Thorpe, R., Koster, A., Kritchevsky, S., Newman, A., Harris, T., Ayonayon, H., Perry, S. E., Rooks, R., & Simonsick, E. (2011) · The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glr102 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citation
Cognitive Frailty Predicts Incident Dementia among Community-Dwelling Older People
Shimada, H., Doi, T., Lee, S., Makizako, H., Chen, L., & Arai, H. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm7090250 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Incidence of Disability in Frail Older Persons With or Without Slow Walking Speed
Shimada, H., Makizako, H., Doi, T., Tsutsumimoto, K., & Suzuki, T. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.03.019 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Fatigued, but Not Frail: Perceived Fatigability as a Marker of Impending Decline in Mobility‐Intact Older Adults
Simonsick, E. M., Glynn, N. W., Jerome, G. J., Shardell, M. D., Schrack, J. A., & Ferrucci, L. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14138 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
Association of Age-Related Hearing Impairment With Physical Functioning Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the US
Martínez-Amezcua, P., Powell, D. S., Kuo, P.-L., Reed, N. S., Sullivan, K., Palta, P., Szklo, M., Sharrett, R. A., Schrack, J. A., Lin, F. R., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13742 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Calibrating ADL-IADL scales to improve measurement accuracy and to extend the disability construct into the preclinical range: a systematic review
Fieo, R. A., Austin, E. J., Starr, J. M., & Deary, I. J. (2011) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2318-11-42 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“For instance, questions about walking difficulty over a distance of one-quarter mile or more may be answered inaccurately simply because the respondent has not attempted to walk such a distance in quite some time [81].”
Background
Longitudinal phenotypic aging metrics in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Kuo, P., Schrack, J. A., Levine, M. E., Shardell, M. D., Simonsick, E. M., Chia, C. W., Moore, A. Z., Tanaka, T., An, Y., Karikkineth, A. C., et al. (2022) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-022-00243-7 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citation
Predicting Trajectories of Functional Decline in 60- to 70-Year-Old People
Jonkman, N. H., Del Panta, V., Hoekstra, T., Colpo, M., van Schoor, N. M., Bandinelli, S., Cattelani, L., Helbostad, J. L., Vereijken, B., Pijnappels, M., et al. (2018) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000485135 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Performance-based assessments and demand for personal care in older Japanese people: a cross-sectional study
Shimada, H., Suzuki, T., Suzukawa, M., Makizako, H., Doi, T., Yoshida, D., Tsutsumimoto, K., Anan, Y., Uemura, K., Ito, T., et al. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002424 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Relationship Between Physical Functioning and Physical Activity in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot
Chalé, A., Guralnik, J. M., Walkup, M. P., Miller, M. E., Rejeski, W. J., Katula, J. A., King, A. C., Glynn, N. W., Manini, T. M., Blair, S. N., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03008.x · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“It makes me feel not so alone”: features of the Choose to Move physical activity intervention that reduce loneliness in older adults
Franke, T., Sims‐Gould, J., Nettlefold, L., Ottoni, C. A., & McKay, H. A. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10363-1 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Assessing Mobility Difficulties for Cross‐National Comparisons: Results from the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health
Capistrant, B. D., Glymour, M. M., & Berkman, L. F. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12633 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Age-associated gait patterns and the role of lower extremity strength – Results from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Ko, S.-U., Stenholm, S., Metter, E. J., & Ferrucci, L. (2012) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2012.04.004 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript 2000; Simonsick et al., 2008).”
Background
Single Stance Stability and Proprioceptive Control in Older Adults Living at Home: Gender and Age Differences
Riva, D., Mamo, C., Fanì, M., Saccavino, P., Rocca, F., Momenté, M., & Fratta, M. (2013) · Journal of Aging Research · doi:10.1155/2013/561695 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Walking Energetics, Fatigability, and Fatigue in Older Adults: The Study of Energy and Aging Pilot
Richardson, C. A., Glynn, N. W., Ferrucci, L., & Mackey, D. C. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glu146 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Muscle function, physical performance and body composition changes in men with prostate cancer undergoing androgen deprivation therapy
Storer, T. W., Miciek, R., & Travison, T. G. (2012) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1038/aja.2011.104 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Modifiable Risk Factors for Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization of Community‐Dwelling Older Adults: The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Juthani‐Mehta, M., de Rekeneire, N., Allore, H. G., Chen, S., O’Leary, J. R., Bauer, D. C., Harris, T. B., Newman, A. B., Yende, S. P., Weyant, R. J., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12325 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citation
Prevalence of Psychological Frailty in Japan: NCGG-SGS as a Japanese National Cohort Study
Shimada, H., Lee, S., Doi, T., Bae, S., Tsutsumimoto, K., & Arai, H. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8101554 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Development of a clinical prediction model for the onset of functional decline in people aged 65–75 years: pooled analysis of four European cohort studies
Jonkman, N. H., Colpo, M., Klenk, J., Todd, C. J., Hoekstra, T., Panta, V. D., Rapp, K., van Schoor, N. M., Bandinelli, S., Heymans, M. W., et al. (2019) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-019-1192-1 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Regular Latin Dancing and Health Education May Improve Cognition of Late Middle-Aged and Older Latinos
Márquez, D. X., Wilson, R. S., Aguiñaga, S., Vásquez, P. M., Fogg, L., Yang, Z. G., Wilbur, J., Hughes, S. L., & Spanbauer, C. (2017) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2016-0049 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), (5) recent healing or unhealed fracture(s) in the last 6 months, (6) heart failure, (7) major head injury, (8) chronic kidney disease, (9) frequent falls in the past 12 months, and (10) require help to walk (cane, walker, or wheelchair) as these individuals are already consid…”
Walking capacity of bariatric surgery candidates
King, W. C., Engel, S. G., Elder, K. A., Chapman, W. H. H., Eid, G. M., Wolfe, B. M., & Belle, S. H. (2011) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2011.07.003 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Management of Gait Changes and Fall Risk in MCI and Dementia
Allali, G., & Verghese, J. (2017) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-017-0466-1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Implementation of a co-designed physical activity program for older adults: positive impact when delivered at scale
McKay, H. A., Nettlefold, L., Bauman, A. E., Hoy, C. L., Gray, S. M., Lau, E. Y., & Sims‐Gould, J. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6210-2 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Association of Hearing Impairment With Higher-Level Physical Functioning and Walking Endurance: Results From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Martínez-Amezcua, P., Kuo, P., Reed, N. S., Simonsick, E. M., Agrawal, Y., Lin, F. R., Deal, J. A., Ferrucci, L., & Schrack, J. A. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab144 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citation
Effects of line dancing on physical function and perceived limitation in older adults with self-reported mobility limitations
Bennett, C. G., & Hackney, M. E. (2017) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2017.1294207 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“their risk of having a new mobility limitation [4,34,47].”
Background
Church Attendance and Mobility Limitation Among Black and White Men With Prostate Cancer
Bruce, M. A., Bowie, J. V., Beech, B. M., Norris, K. C., LaVeist, T. A., Howard, D. L., & Thorpe, R. J. (2021) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988321993560 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Maintaining mobility is fundamental for independence, well-being, and quality of life for individuals, including prostate cancer survivors, during middle and late life (Hewitt et al., 2003; Simonsick et al., 2008; Thorpe, Clay, et al., 2011; Thorpe, Koster, et al., 2011).”
Background
Correlates of Mobility Limitation in African Americans
Thorpe, R. J., Clay, O. J., Szanton, S. L., Allaire, J. C., & Whitfield, K. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glr122 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Effect of Sarcopenia Status on Disability Incidence Among Japanese Older Adults
Shimada, H., Tsutsumimoto, K., Doi, T., Lee, S., Bae, S., Nakakubo, S., Makino, K., & Arai, H. (2020) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.10.036 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Fatigability and endurance performance in cancer survivors: Analyses from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Gresham, G. K., Dy, S. M., Zipunnikov, V., Browner, I. S., Studenski, S. A., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., & Schrack, J. A. (2018) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.31238 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Previous work in the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study has determined that walk times longer than 5 minutes are indicative of substandard execution and thus can be considered evidence of performance deterioration.(17) In addition, 80% of the study population at baseline could walk faster than 5 minutes at their…”
Self-citation
The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study—Ground-Breaking Science for 25 Years and Counting
Newman, A. B., Visser, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Simonsick, E. M., Cawthon, P. M., & Harris, T. B. (2023) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glad167 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citation
Geographical accessibility to community pharmacies by the elderly in metropolitan Lisbon
Padeiro, M. (2017) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.07.014 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
B.A.I.L.A. — A Latin dance randomized controlled trial for older Spanish-speaking Latinos: Rationale, design, and methods
Márquez, D. X., Wilbur, J., Hughes, S. L., Berbaum, M. L., Wilson, R. S., Büchner, D. M., & McAuley, E. (2014) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2014.06.012 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“unhealed fracture(s) [32], (6) use of an assistive device to walk (cane, walker, or wheelchair) since such individuals are already considered mobility disabled [33, 34].”
Background
Chronic diseases and objectively monitored physical activity profile among aged individuals – a cross-sectional twin cohort study
Kujala, U. M., Hautasaari, P., Vähä‐Ypyä, H., Waller, K. L., Lindgrén, N., Iso‐Markku, P., Heikkila, K. V., Rinne, J. O., Kaprio, J. A., & Sievänen, H. T. (2019) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2019.1566765 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“Difficulties related to walking or climbing stairs (11-13) as well as walking outdoors (14) are common indicators used to quantify physical mobility capabilities.”
Background
Minimum Performance on Clinical Tests of Physical Function to Predict Walking 6,000 Steps/Day in Knee Osteoarthritis: An Observational Study
Master, H., Thoma, L. M., Christiansen, M. B., Polakowski, E., Schmitt, L., & White, D. K. (2017) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.23448 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Motor and Physical Function Impairments as Contributors to Slow Gait Speed and Mobility Difficulty in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
Cai, Y., Tian, Q., Gross, A. L., Wang, H., Jian‐Yu, E., Agrawal, Y., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., & Schrack, J. A. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glac001 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
Men on the Move: A Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial of a Scalable, Choice-Based, Physical Activity and Active Transportation Intervention for Older Men
Mackey, D. C., Perkins, A., Tai, K. H., Sims‐Gould, J., & McKay, H. A. (2018) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2018-0137 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Future trials would benefit from including other measures of capacity for mobility, such as a 400-m walk time (Simonsick et al., 2008) that would not be susceptible to ceiling effects and/or modified screening to enroll older men with poorer physical function, as done by the LIFE Trial (Pahor et…”
Method
Validation of a new simple questionnaire to “estimate ambulation capacity by history” (EACH) in patients with claudication
Ouédraogo, N., Mahé, G., Marchand, J., Saïdi, K., Lefthériotis, G., & Abraham, P. (2011) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2010.11.129 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Relative contribution of muscle strength, lean mass, and lower extremity motor function in explaining between-person variance in mobility in older adults
Wages, N. P., Simon, J. E., Clark, L. A., Amano, S., Russ, D. W., Manini, T. M., & Clark, B. C. (2020) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-020-01656-y · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Randomized Controlled Trial of Exercise to Improve Walking Energetics in Older Adults
Collins, K. J., Schrack, J. A., VanSwearingen, J. M., Glynn, N. W., Pospisil, M. C., Gant, V. E., & Mackey, D. C. (2018) · Innovation in Aging · doi:10.1093/geroni/igy022 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Mobility limitation, typically defined as difficulty walking one-quarter mile or climbing one flight of stairs (1), is reported by 30%–40% of older adults (2).”
Background
Biopsychosocial Characteristics of Community‐Dwelling Older Adults with Limited Ability to Walk One‐Quarter of a Mile
Hardy, S. E., McGurl, D. J., Studenski, S. A., & Degenholtz, H. B. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02727.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Neighborhood Walking in Older Adults
Gallagher, N. A., Clarke, P. J., & Gretebeck, K. A. (2014) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264314532686 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Additional studies should examine the role of social support in neighborhood walking, as well as recent modifications or reductions in walking activity in the last year that may suggest preclinical mobility limitations (Fried et al., 2000; Simonsick et al., 2008).”
Background
BAILA: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Latin Dancing to Increase Physical Activity in Spanish-Speaking Older Latinos
Márquez, D. X., Wilbur, J., Hughes, S. L., Wilson, R. S., Büchner, D. M., Berbaum, M. L., McAuley, E., Aguiñaga, S., Balbim, G. M., Vásquez, P. M., et al. (2022) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaac009 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Using Walking Speed in Clinical Practice
Lusardi, M. M. (2012) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0b013e31823d7b9f · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Racial and Educational Disparities in Mobility Limitation Among Older Women: What Is the Role of Modifiable Risk Factors?
Latham-Mintus, K. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu028 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Relationship Between Chronic Conditions and Disability in African American Men and Women
Thorpe, R. J., Wynn, A. J., Walker, J. L., Smolen, J. R., Cary, M. P., Szanton, S. L., & Whitfield, K. E. (2016) · Journal of the National Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jnma.2015.12.012 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Do Associations Between Perceived Environmental and Individual Characteristics and Walking Limitations Depend on Lower Extremity Performance Level?
Sakari‐Rantala, R., Rantakokko, M., Portegijs, E., Iwarsson, S., Sipilä, S., Viljanen, A., & Rantanen, T. (2016) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264316641081 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Perceived difficulty in walking increases with increasing age (Sainio et al., 2006; Simonsick et al., 2008) and may threaten participation in terms of running errands or engaging in social, cultural, or physical activities (Hovbrandt, Stahl, Iwarsson, Horstmann, & Carlsson, 2007; Rantanen, 2013).”
Background
Physical Activity and Change in Long Distance Corridor Walk Performance in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
Lange‐Maia, B. S., Strotmeyer, E. S., Harris, T. B., Glynn, N. W., Simonsick, E. M., Brach, J. S., Cauley, J. A., Richey, P. A., Schwartz, A. V., Newman, A. B., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13487 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exercise Capacity, Heart Failure Risk, and Mortality in Older Adults: The Health ABC Study
Georgiopoulou, V. V., Kalogeropoulos, A. P., Chowdhury, R., Binongo, J., Bibbins-Domingo, K. B., Rodondi, N., Simonsick, E. M., Harris, T. B., Newman, A. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., et al. (2016) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.041 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citation
A Smart Insole to Promote Healthy Aging for Frail Elderly Individuals: Specifications, Design, and Preliminary Results
Piau, A., Charlon, Y., Campo, É., Vellas, B. J., & Nourhashémi, F. (2015) · JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies · doi:10.2196/rehab.4084 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Several authors have evaluated gait speed as a predictor of future disability, mortality, institutionalization [3-5], and health-related events, even those apparently disconnected to physical function, such as cognitive impairment [6,7].”
Background
Multiple modes of assessment of gait are better than one to predict incident falls
Allali, G., Ayers, E. I., & Verghese, J. (2015) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2015.02.009 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“However, independent of abnormal results on other clinical assessments, such as quantitative assessments, self-reported mobility difficulties had a weaker association with falls (Simonsick et al., 2008).”
MethodResult
Implementing and Evaluating an Older Adult Physical Activity Model at Scale: Framework for Action
McKay, H. A., Sims‐Gould, J., Nettlefold, L., Hoy, C. L., & Bauman, A. E. (2017) · Translational Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1249/tjx.0000000000000026 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Low Physical Function Predicts Either 2-Year Weight Loss or Weight Gain in Healthy Community-Dwelling Older Adults. The NuAge Longitudinal Study
St‐Arnaud‐McKenzie, D., Payette, H., & Gray‐Donald, K. (2010) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glq150 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Role of Neighborhood Safety in Recovery From Mobility Limitations
Latham-Mintus, K., & Clarke, P. J. (2012) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027512454887 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Compared to ADL and IADL disability, mobility limitation is viewed as an early stage in the disabling process, and therefore, a more reversible functional health outcome (Simonsick et al., 2008).”
Background
Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults
Avers, D. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-60912-8.00008-7 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Status Quo or Drop-Off: Do Older Adults Maintain Benefits From Choose to Move—A Scaled-Up Physical Activity Program—12 Months After Withdrawing the Intervention?
McKay, H. A., Nettlefold, L., Sims‐Gould, J., MACDONALD, H. M., Khan, K. M., & Bauman, A. E. (2021) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2020-0850 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
A 7-Year Study of the Durability of Improvements in Pain, Physical Function, and Work Productivity After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy
King, W. C., Hinerman, A. S., & White, G. E. (2022) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31593 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Individual and Combined Associations of Cognitive and Mobility Limitations on Mortality Risk in Older Adults
Frith, E., Addoh, O., Mann, J. R., Windham, B. G., & Loprinzi, P. D. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.06.019 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
La vitesse de marche comme critère de fragilité chez la personne âgée vivant au domicile
Houles, M., van Kan, G. A., Rolland, Y., Andrieu, S., Anthony, P. S., Bauer, J. M., Beauchet, O., Bonnefoy, M., Cesari, M., Donini, L. M., et al. (2009) · Les cahiers de l année gérontologique · doi:10.1007/s12612-009-0036-6 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Importance of Mid-to-Late-Life Body Mass Index Trajectories on Late-Life Gait Speed
Windham, B. G., Griswold, M. E., Wang, W., Kucharska‐Newton, A., Demerath, E. W., Gabriel, K. P., Pompeii, L. A., Butler, K. R., Wagenknecht, L. E., Kritchevsky, S. B., et al. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw200 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Inconsistencies of our findings with prior studies could be explained by the younger age of the ARIC cohort in the earlier study and more sensitive measures of weight and mobility in the current study (3,34,35).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citation
The Aging Brain & the Dorsal Basal Ganglia: Implications for Age-Related Limitations of Mobility
Clark, B. C., Woods, A. J., Clark, L. A., Criss, C. R., Shadmehr, R., & Grooms, D. R. (2019) · Advances in Geriatric Medicine and Research · doi:10.20900/agmr20190008 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“Limitations in mobility are highly associated with fall risk, disability, increased dependency, hospitalization, and mortality [1,5–9].”
Relation of Pulse Pressure to Long-Distance Gait Speed in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the LIFE-P Study
Heffernan, K. S., Manini, T. M., Hsu, F., Blair, S. N., Nicklas, B. J., Kritchevsky, S. B., Newman, A. B., Sutton-Tyrrell, K., Church, T. S., Haskell, W. L., et al. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0049544 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“0 m/s were identified and defined as having slow gait speed according to a previously established clinical cut point [23].”
MethodSelf-citation
Demographic and Socioeconomic Status Differences in Perceptions of Difficulty With Mobility in Late Life
Cornman, J. C., Glei, D. A., Rodriguez, G., Goldman, N., Hurng, B., & Weinstein, M. (2010) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbq087 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Older adults with mobility limitations are also at higher risk of falling, developing disability, and dying earlier (Abellan van Kan et al., 2009; de Rekeneire et al., 2003; Newman et al., 2006; Simonsick et al., 2008).”
Background
Associations between skeletal muscle energetics and accelerometry‐based performance fatigability: Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging
Qiao, Y., Santanasto, A. J., Coen, P. M., Cawthon, P. M., Cummings, S. R., Forman, D. E., Goodpaster, B. H., Harezlak, J., Hawkins, M., Kritchevsky, S. B., et al. (2023) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.14015 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“During the usual-paced 400-m walk, participants were instructed to complete the distance at their usual pace without overexerting themselves (20 m each, a total of 10 laps in an unobstructed long corridor with traffic cones on both ends; Simonsick et al., 2008).”
MethodSelf-citation
Formative Evaluation of Consumer-Grade Activity Monitors Worn by Older Adults: Test-Retest Reliability and Criterion Validity of Step Counts
Maganja, S. A., Clarke, D. C., Lear, S. A., & Mackey, D. C. (2020) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/16537 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Identification of Disability Risk in Addition to Slow Walking Speed in Older Adults
Shimada, H., Doi, T., Lee, S., Tsutsumimoto, K., Bae, S., Makino, K., Nakakubo, S., & Arai, H. (2021) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000516966 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Lumbopelvic Pain and Threats to Walking Ability in Well‐Functioning Older Adults: Findings from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Simonsick, E. M., Aronson, B., Schrack, J. A., Hicks, G. E., Jerome, G. J., Patel, K. V., Studenski, S. A., & Ferrucci, L. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15280 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Contemporaneous pain severity over the preceding year was associated with reported and observed endurance-related walking, including energetic cost but not usual gait speed over a short distance, which suggests that, in well-functioning older adults, simple gait speed is an insensitive marker of LPP-related debility a…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
A Comparison of Self-report Indices of Major Mobility Disability to Failure on the 400-m Walk Test: The LIFE Study
Chen, H., Rejeski, W. J., Gill, T. M., Guralnik, J. M., King, A. C., Newman, A. B., Blair, S. N., Conroy, D. E., Liu, C. K., Manini, T. M., et al. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glx153 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Race differences in mobility status among prostate cancer survivors: The role of socioeconomic status
Thorpe, R. J., Bruce, M. A., Howard, D. L., & LaVeist, T. A. (2020) · Advances in cancer research · doi:10.1016/bs.acr.2020.01.006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Adiposity and Walking Endurance in Adults Age 60–79
Jerome, G. J., Ko, S.-U., Shaffer, N. C., Studenski, S. A., Ferrucci, L., & Simonsick, E. M. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw054 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citation
Life Course Stressors and Functional Limitations in Later Life Among White, Black, and Hispanic Adults: Deleterious, Hardening, or Benign?
Sauerteig-Rolston, M. R., Ferraro, K. F., & Bauldry, S. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbab066 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
What is the ‘voltage drop’ when an effective health promoting intervention for older adults—Choose to Move (Phase 3)—Is implemented at broad scale?
McKay, H. A., MACDONALD, H. M., Nettlefold, L., Weatherson, K. A., Gray, S. M., Bauman, A. E., Khan, K. M., & Sims‐Gould, J. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268164 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A Scoping Review of Personal, Financial, and Environmental Determinants of Mobility Among Older Adults
Kalu, M. E., Bello-Haas, V. P. M. D., Griffin, M., Boamah, S. A., Harris, J., Zaide, M., Rayner, D. G., Khattab, N., & Abrahim, S. (2023) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2023.04.007 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Exercise and physical activity for older adults
VanBeveren, P. J., & Avers, D. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-02948-3.00014-6 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
36‐Item Short Form Survey (SF‐36) Versus Gait Speed As Predictor of Preclinical Mobility Disability in Older Women: The Women's Health Initiative
Laddu, D., Wertheim, B. C., Garcia, D. O., Woods, N. F., LaMonte, M. J., Chen, B. H., Anton‐Culver, H., Zaslavsky, O., Cauley, J. A., Chlebowski, R. T., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.15273 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pragmatic Evaluation of Older Adults’ Physical Activity in Scale-Up Studies: Is the Single-Item Measure a Reasonable Option?
MACDONALD, H. M., Nettlefold, L., Bauman, A. E., Sims‐Gould, J., & McKay, H. A. (2021) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2020-0412 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Behavioral Factors Related to the Incidence of Frailty in Older Adults
Shimada, H., Doi, T., Tsutsumimoto, K., Lee, S., Bae, S., & Arai, H. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9103074 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Measures of movement and mobility used in clinical practice and research: a scoping review
Moulton, E., Wilson, R. A., Silva, A., Kircher, C., Petry, S., Goldie, C., Medves, J., Deluzio, K. J., & Ross‐White, A. (2020) · JBI Evidence Synthesis · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-d-19-00366 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Is impaired dopaminergic function associated with mobility capacity in older adults?
Moskowitz, S., Russ, D. W., Clark, L. A., Wages, N. P., Grooms, D. R., Woods, A. J., Suhr, J. A., Simon, J. E., O’Shea, A. M., Criss, C. R., et al. (2020) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-020-00303-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Energetics and clinical factors for the time required to walk 400 m: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging ( <scp>SOMMA</scp> )
Cummings, S. R., Lui, L., Glynn, N. W., Mau, T., Cawthon, P. M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Coen, P. M., Goodpaster, B., Marcinek, D. J., Hepple, R. T., et al. (2024) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.18763 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citation
The effect of sex and physical frailty on incident disability after 2 years among community-dwelling older adults: KFACS study
Lee, S., Kim, M., Lee, Y., Kim, J., Jang, H. C., Cho, B., Choi, K. M., Roh, E., Son, S. J., Lee, J., et al. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03263-5 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“For mobility disability, participants were asked whether they found it difficult to walk around the perimeter of a playground (approximately 400 m) or to climb a flight of stairs (10 steps) [31].”
Background
TLR/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways as a main target in frailty, cachexia and sarcopenia
Shahbaz, S. K., Mokhlesi, A., Sadegh, R. K., Rahimi, K., Jamialahmadi, T., Butler, A. E., Kesharwani, P., & Sahebkar, A. (2025) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2025.102723 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Development of a Novel Accelerometry-Based Performance Fatigability Measure for Older Adults
Qiao, Y., Harezlak, J., Moored, K., Urbanek, J. K., Boudreau, R. M., Toto, P. E., Hawkins, M., Santanasto, A. J., Schrack, J. A., Simonsick, E. M., et al. (2022) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002966 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“, 400-m walk) that represents daily activities (17), aerobic fitness, mobility (18,19), and physiological reactions of the involved muscles (20).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citation
Change in Mobility: Consistency of Estimates and Predictors Across Studies of Older Adults
Cornman, J. C., Glei, D. A., & Weinstein, M. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbz091 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Recent trends in surgical research of cancer treatment in the elderly, with a primary focus on lung cancer: Presentation at the 2015 annual meeting of SIOG
Armstrong, K. W., Bravo‐Iñiguez, C. E., Jacobson, F. L., & Jaklitsch, M. T. (2016) · Journal of Geriatric Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.jgo.2016.07.004 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“23% of women and 36% of men and increased with age [16].”
Background
Comparison of a Multi-Component Physical Function Battery to Usual Walking Speed for Assessing Lower Extremity Function and Mobility Limitation in Older Adults
Riwniak, C., Simon, J. E., Wages, N. P., Clark, L. A., Manini, T. M., Russ, D. W., & Clark, B. C. (2020) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1432-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Fatigability as a Predictor of Subclinical and Clinical Anemia in Well‐Functioning Older Adults
Simonsick, E. M., Patel, K. V., Schrack, J. A., & Ferrucci, L. (2020) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.16657 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Such individuals comprise 50% to 70% of persons aged 60 and older in the United States(22) and due to emerging health issues are highly vulnerable to losing their well-functioning status.(23) This study examines the concurrent association between fatigability and subclinical and clinical anemia, and it evaluates wheth…”
BackgroundSelf-citation

Association of Long-Distance Corridor Walk Performance With Mortality, Cardiovascular Disease, Mobility Limitation, and Disability
Newman, A. B., Simonsick, E. M., Naydeck, B. L., Boudreau, R. M., Kritchevsky, S. B., Nevitt, M. C., Pahor, M., Satterfield, S., Brach, J. S., Studenski, S. A., et al. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.17.2018 · Cited by 934 · see citing works
Self-citation
Incidence of Loss of Ability to Walk 400 Meters in a Functionally Limited Older Population
Chang, M., Cohen‐Mansfield, J., Ferrucci, L., Leveille, S. G., Volpato, S., de Rekeneire, N., & Guralnik, J. M. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52570.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-reported and test-based mobility limitations in a representative sample of Finns aged 30+
Sainio, P., Koskinen, S. V. P., Heliövaara, M., Martelin, T. P., Härkänen, T., Hurri, H., Miilunpalo, S. I., & Aromaa, A. (2006) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1080/14034940500489859 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Reliability of the 400-m usual pace walk test as an assessment of mobility limitation in older adults
Rolland, Y. M., Cesari, M., Miller, M. E., Penninx, B. W., Atkinson, H. H., & Pahor, M. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52267.x · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Construct and predictive validity of a self reported measure of preclinical mobility limitation
- (n.d.) · UCLA - Biblioteca de Ciencias de la Salud

Authors: Simonsick, E. M., Newman, A. B., Visser, M., Goodpaster, B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Rubin, S., Nevitt, M. C., Harris, T. B., & for the Health, A. A. B. C. S.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
University of California, San Francisco (US)
National Institute on Aging (US)
ORCID: Simonsick, E. M.
Newman, A. B.
Visser, M.
Goodpaster, B.
Kritchevsky, S. B.
Nevitt, M. C.
Harris, T. B.
Venue: The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2008-08-01
Volume: 63
Issue: 8
Pages: 841-847
ISSN: 1079-5006 (ISSN-L)
1758-535X
DOI: 10.1093/gerona/63.8.841
PMC: PMC5722013
OpenAlex: W2168523787
Semantic Scholar: 0d9f55e9c15db6dd27d2fc5f457093b3cb91927e
Cited by: 147
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 19.66
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Journals of Gerontology Series A (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
VU Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (N01-AG-6-2103, n01ag062101-007, n01ag062103-006, N01‐AG‐6‐2106, n01ag062106-007, N01-AG-6-2101)
National Institute on Aging (N01‐AG‐6–2101, N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, and N01-AG-6-2106, N01AG62106, N01-AG-62103)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Keywords: mobility limitations, older adults, walking performance, Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
MeSH terms: Aged, Disability Evaluation, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Male, Physical Endurance, Cohort Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Walking, Mobility Limitation

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Mobility Limitation in Self-Described Well-Functioning Older Adults: Importance of Endurance Walk Testing

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