Impact of age, redundancy, and perceptual noise on visual search
Abstract
Literature related to the efficacy and to the definition and measurement of breast self-examination (BSE) is reviewed with particular attention to its relevance for women over 65. Overall, data on the efficacy of BSE suggest that it has a small but measurable impact on earlier detection of breast cancer as measured by clinical stage and tumor size and sometimes by pathological stage. The largest differences are between some BSE and no BSE. An analysis of BSE suggests that instructions could be simplified for older women in order to increase the reliability and acceptability of the examination. A research agenda is proposed which includes (a) testing BSE instructions tailored for older women, (b) studying the intervening steps between BSE and cancer diagnosis, (c) testing methods to increase acceptance by older women, and (d) investigating the relationship between BSE and earlier detection of breast cancer in older women.
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The decline of working memory in aging includes a reduced ability to inhibit irrelevant or distracting information, which likely prevents older people from properly processing task-relevant information.
“A third decline concerns the ability to inhibit irrelevant or distracting information (Allen, Madden, Groth, & Crozier, 1992;Hasher & Zacks, 1988), which is likely to withhold older people from the proper processing of information that is relevant for the task at hand.”
From Cognitive load theory and aging: effects of worked examples on training efficiency (2002) · cites this paper as Allen et al., 1992
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“However, there is no consensus that there is a generalized slowing with age, as some have reported results that do not fit this model (Sekuler and Ball, 1986; Allen et al., 1992).”
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“Such a benefit may be a secondary effect resulting from increased levels of noise in sensory systems, or may be due to changes in sensory attention [1,2].”
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“In an early examination of ratioRT (using a log version) Allen and his colleagues [8] found age-related effects on RTE to persist after controlling for slowing effects, indicating redundancy gains beyond central slowdown (see also, [16]).”
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“In explaining the difference in findings between this study and the Allen, Madden, Groth and Crozier (28) study, it was concluded that when the task uses only two display positions there are few age differences in filtering or selection for visual search tasks because the capacity demands are minimal.”
BackgroundResultInternational Nursing and Breast Cancer
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“…in the RSE used a relatively complex, multi-item display (Allen et al., 1992, target-plusdistractors condition), whereas experiments exhibiting a proportionately constant RSE for younger and older adults have used single-item displays (Allen et al., 1992, target-only condition; Bucur et al., 2005).”
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Self-citationBarriers to breast cancer screening in older women A review
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“As a result, as age increases, visual search performance deteriorats significantly (Allen et al. 1992; Andersen et al. 2010; Batsakes and Fisk 2000; Busey et al. 2010), particularly when the target has no salient features that are different from distracting stimuli (Madden, Gottlob, and Allen 1999). Verhaeghen (2002)…”
BackgroundA qualitative description of breast self-examination beliefs
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Improving Wayfinding for Older Users With Selective Attention Deficits
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Impact of Adult Age and Alzheimer's Disease on Levels of Neural Noise for Letter Matching
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“These results are consistent with other studies that have also found indices of internal noise to be associated with age differences in information processing (e.g., Allen, 1990, 1991; Allen & Coyne, 1988; Allen et al., 1992; Cremer & Zeef, 1987; Madden, 1990).”
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“RTs were faster to targets with combined attributes and this “redundant target effect” was greater for older adults than for younger adults (see also [25, 26, 29]).”
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- Authors
- Allen, P. A., Madden, D. J., Groth, K. E., & Crozier, L. C.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland State University (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Gerontology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1992-03-01
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- P69-P74
- ISSN
- 0022-1422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2321158109
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (AG-09282, AG-02163)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- breast self-examination, breast cancer detection, older women, early cancer detection, visual search, perceptual noise, redundancy, age effects
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Breast Self-Examination
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