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Predicting Changes in Physical Performance in a High-Functioning Elderly Cohort: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Performance-based measures of physical performance were examined for an older cohort of relatively high-functioning men and women. Relationships between baseline physical performance and sociodemographic and health status characteristics were also examined. Three-year pattern changes in performance are described, and sociodemographic and health status predictors of change are investigated. METHODS: A cohort of relatively high-functioning men and women, aged 70-79, was identified in 1988 by subsampling from three community-based studies on the basis of physical and cognitive function. Baseline in-home assessments included tests of physical performance and measurement of sociodemographic characteristics and health status. A summary measure of physical performance was developed from tests of balance, gait, lower body strength and coordination, and manual dexterity. In-home assessments were repeated at follow-up in 1991. RESULTS: Better physical performance at baseline was more common among males, Whites, those reporting higher income and education, and those with fewer chronic conditions. In linear regression models, declines in performance were predicted by older age, lower income, higher education, relative weight and blood pressure, lower peak expiratory flow, prevalent diabetes and incident health conditions and hospitalizations during follow-up. Improvements in performance were also observed; the only significant association was with race (i.e., being Black). CONCLUSIONS: Declines in physical performance within a high-functioning cohort are predictable from sociodemographic and health status characteristics. The patterns of both decline and improvement in performance observed in this cohort suggest that older age is not uniformly associated with declines, indicating the potential for effective interventions to promote more successful aging.
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“The negative health consequences of high blood pressure (particularly systolic) have been recognized for decades, including higher death rates, the onset of cardiovascular disease, and the loss of both physical and cognitive functioning.[6][7][8][9]”
From Socio‐economic differentials in peripheral biology: Cumulative allostatic load (2010) · cites this paper as [8]
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Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability
Guralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Simonsick, E. M., Salive, M. E., & Wallace, R. B. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199503023320902 · Cited by 4,083
Self-citationGuralnik, J. M., Ferrucci, L., Pieper, C. F., Leveille, S. G., Markides, K. S., Ostir, G. V., Studenski, S., Berkman, L. F., & Wallace, R. B. (2000) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/55.4.m221 · Cited by 2,898
“It has also been demonstrated that performance measures can capture a hierarchy of functioning in persons who are not disabled and even in those who are high functioning (4,5).”
BackgroundSelf-citationA 30-s chair-stand test as a measure of lower body strength in community-residing older adults.
Jones, C. J., Rikli, R. E., & Beam, W. C. (1999) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.1999.10608028 · Cited by 2,921
The Contours of Positive Human Health
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. (1998) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli0901_1 · Cited by 2,658
“Recently, data from the MacArthur Study of Successful Aging (Seeman et al., 1994), a cohort study of relatively high-functioning older men and women, were used to compare the effects of structural measures of social ties (e.g., network size, marital status) with those of more qualitative measures of social support (e.…”
MethodEstimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes
Bischoff-Ferrari, H. A., Giovannucci, E., Willett, W. C., Dietrich, T., & Dawson-Hughes, B. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/84.1.18 · Cited by 2,414
“Functional assessments included the 8-foot-walk test and the sit-to-stand test (69, 70).”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- Seeman, T. E., Charpentier, P. A., Berkman, L. F., Tinetti, M. E., Guralnik, J. M., Albert, M., Blazer, D., & Rowe, J. W.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Duke Medical Center (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Gerontology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1994-05-01
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- M97-M108
- ISSN
- 0022-1422 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003173508
- Cited by
- 522
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 19.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Gerontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- physical performance, successful aging, older adults, physical function decline, predictors of decline, balance, gait, lower limb strength, manual dexterity, sociodemographic factors, health status, chronic disease, diabetes mellitus, racial differences
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aging, Educational Status, Postural Balance, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Forecasting, Gait, Health Status, Humans, Income, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Motor Skills, Physical Fitness, Sex Factors, Reproducibility of Results, Cohort Studies, Linear Models, White People
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