Process evaluation results from a school- and community-linked intervention: The Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG)
Open accessAbstract
Process evaluation is a component of intervention research that evaluates whether interventions are delivered and received as intended. Here, we describe the process evaluation results for the Trial of Activity for Adolescent Girls (TAAG) intervention. The intervention consisted of four synergistic components designed to provide supportive school- and community-linked environments to prevent the decline in physical activity in adolescent girls. Process evaluation results indicate that the intervention components were delivered from intervention staff to teachers with high fidelity (84-97%) to the protocol and with lower fidelity (range: 18-93%) from teachers to students. Physical activity programs for girls, a unique feature of the TAAG intervention, increased from a mean of 10 programs per school to a mean of 16 and 15 in years 1 and 2, respectively, in intervention schools, with no change in control schools. These findings suggest that a multicomponent school- and community-based physical activity intervention can be delivered with fidelity and result in a middle school environment that supports physical activity for girls.
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Among 10 studies reporting the proportion of schools implementing a targeted policy, practice, or program versus a minimal or usual practice control, the median unadjusted effect size was 16.2%, ranging from -0.2% to 66.6%.
“For example, among 10 studies reporting the proportion of schools implementing a targeted policy, practice, or program versus a minimal or usual practice control, the median unadjusted effect size was 16.2%, ranging from –0.2% to 66.6%.”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
Thirteen studies, including four RCTs, were assessed as unclear risk of selection bias as methods of sequence generation and allocation were not reported.
“Thirteen studies, including four RCTs were assessed as unclear risk of selection bias as methods of sequence generation and allocation were not reported [44, 46, 47, 50, 51, 54–56, 58, 64, 66, 67].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
For risk of bias due to baseline imbalances, the majority of studies (n = 11) were assessed as low risk as studies accounted for imbalances by making adjustments for baseline differences during analyses, stratifying by school characteristics or through random allocation of schools to experimental groups.
“For risk of bias due to baseline imbalances, the majority of studies (n = 11) were assessed as low risk as studies accounted for imbalances by making adjustments for baseline differences during analyses, stratifying by school characteristics or through random allocation of schools to experimental groups [37, 38, 41, 46, 47, 55, 56, 58, 60, 64, 67].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
For studies using a cluster-RCT design (n = 15), potential risk of recruitment to cluster was assessed as low for seven studies as randomization occurred either postrecruitment or postbaseline data collection.
“Potential risk of recruitment (to cluster) was assessed as low for seven studies as randomization occurred either postrecruitment or postbaseline data collection [47, 54–56, 58, 60, 64].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
Ten studies were assessed as low risk of selective reporting as a trial registration or a published protocol paper was identified and all a priori determined outcomes were reported.
“Ten studies were assessed as low risk of selective reporting as a trial registration or a published protocol paper was identified and all a priori determined outcomes were reported [26, 44, 51, 53, 54, 60, 62–64, 67].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
Among studies reporting other continuous implementation outcomes (e.g., quantity of physical activity lessons), findings were mixed.
“Among studies reporting other continuous implementation outcomes (e.g., quantity of physical activity lessons), findings were mixed [43, 44, 46, 48, 49, 59, 64, 66].”
From Improving implementation of school-based healthy eating and physical activity policies, practices, and programs: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [64]
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- Authors
- Young, D. R., Steckler, A., Cohen, S., Pratt, C., Felton, G., Moe, S. G., Pickrel, J., Johnson, C. C., Grieser, M., Lytle, L. A., Lee, J. S., & Raburn, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- San Diego State University (US)
- Tulane University (US)
- University of Georgia (US)
- Corresponding author
- Young, D. R.
- Venue
- Health Education Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2007-10-22
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 976-986
- ISSN
- 0268-1153 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-3648
- PMC
- PMC2583909
- OpenAlex
- W2100585434
- Cited by
- 78
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 3.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Health Education Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5u01hl066845-06)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U01HL066856, U01HL066858, U01HL66858, U01HL066853, U01 HL-066845, U01HL066852, U01HL066855, U01HL-66853, U01HL-66845, U01HL-66856, U01HL66852, U01HL-66857, U01HL66855, U01HL066857)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Keywords
- adolescent girls, physical activity, school-based intervention, community-based intervention, intervention fidelity, implementation fidelity, junior high school, physical activity programs, school-community partnership
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Community-Institutional Relations, Female, Health Promotion, Humans, Motor Activity, Physical Education and Training, Schools, Women's Health
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