Mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma is essential for mammalian embryogenesis
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase gamma (Polg) is a heterodimeric enzyme containing a Pol I-like catalytic core (PolgA) and an accessory subunit. Mutations in POLGA, affecting the stability of mtDNA, have been identified in several human pathologies such as progressive external ophthalmoplegia and Alpers' syndrome. Extensive literature shows mitochondrial toxicity effects nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors used in the treatment of HIV and chronic hepatitis B as a consequence of an inhibitory effect on Polg. We have previously shown that mice with an error-prone version of PolgA accumulate higher levels of somatic mtDNA mutations resulting in a premature aging phenotype. In the present paper, we demonstrate PolgA deficiency in mouse embryos causes an early developmental arrest between embryonic days 7.5 and 8.5 associated with severe mtDNA depletion. Heterozygous knockout mice have half the wild-type levels of PolgA transcripts and a slight reduction in mtDNA levels but develop normally. Surprisingly, amounts of PolgA transcripts in heterozygous knockout mice are increased in response to artificially elevated mtDNA copy number, revealing a possible regulatory link between mtDNA maintenance and PolgA expression. Our results show that Polg indeed is the only DNA polymerase capable of maintaining mtDNA in mammalian mitochondria. In addition, presence of Polg is absolutely essential for the organogenesis during mammalian embryonic development.
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POLG-null mice die during embryogenesis with severe mtDNA depletion.
“POLG-null mice die during embryogenesis with severe mtDNA depletion (283), whereas knock-in mutant mice have accelerated aging potentially linked to impaired repair of mtDNA mutations (284).”
From The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [283]
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- Authors
- Hance, N., Ekstrand, M. I., & Trifunovic, A.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Hance, Nicole
- ORCID
- Ekstrand, Mats I.
- Venue
- Human Molecular Genetics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2005-05-11
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1775-1783
- ISSN
- 0964-6906 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2083
- OpenAlex
- W2163176001
- Semantic Scholar
- cddfb3893f289577c42daef19394bad494fa024a
- Cited by
- 272
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 2.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Human Molecular Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA Repair Mechanisms
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma, mtDNA maintenance, embryonic development, developmental arrest, mtDNA depletion, heterozygous knockout mice, mitochondrial DNA copy number, organogenesis, premature aging, mitochondrial toxicity, Alpers syndrome, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
- MeSH terms
- DNA Polymerase gamma, Animals, Diffuse Cerebral Sclerosis of Schilder, DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, DNA, Mitochondrial, Heterozygote, Humans, Mitochondria, Ophthalmoplegia, Gene Deletion, Mice, Knockout, Organogenesis, Mice
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