The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Increased T helper 1 cytokine responses by circulating T cells are present in women with recurrent pregnancy losses and in infertile women with multiple implantation failures after IVF
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We aimed to study T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 intracellular cytokine expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes of women with recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA) or infertility with multiple implantation failures after IVF cycles. METHODS: Twenty-six women with three or more RSA and 23 with two or more IVF failures (14 with no history of spontaneous abortion (SAB) and nine with more than one SAB) comprised the two study groups. Twenty-one non-pregnant healthy multiparous women served as controls. Proportions (%) of lymphocytes containing IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4 and IL-10 and the Th1/Th2 ratios of IFN-gamma/IL-4, IFN-gamma/IL-10, TNF-alpha/IL-4 and TNF-alpha/IL-10 in CD3+, CD3+/CD8- (T helper) and CD3+/CD8+ (T suppressor) cells were measured by 4-colour flow cytometry. RESULTS: RSA women demonstrated significantly higher Th1/Th2 ratios of IFN-gamma/IL-4 (P < 0.01), TNF-alpha/IL-4 and TNF-alpha/IL-10 (P < 0.05 each) in CD3+/CD8- T helper cells than those of controls. The proportion of TNF-alpha producing CD3+/CD8- cells (P < 0.05), and the Th1/Th2 ratios of TNF-alpha/IL-4 (P < 0.05) and TNF-alpha/IL-10 (P < 0.005) in CD3+/CD8- cells were significantly higher in women with multiple IVF failures without SAB as compared with those of controls. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of dominant Th1 immune responses in peripheral blood lymphocytes may reflect the systemic contribution of Th1 cytokines to RSA or multiple implantation failures in IVF cycles.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mills, J. L., Simpson, J. L., Driscoll, S. G., Jovanovic-Peterson, L., Van Allen, M., Aarons, J. H., Metzger, B., Bieber, F. R., Knopp, R. H., Holmes, L. B., et al. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198812223192501 · Cited by 402
Cited by
Malaria in pregnancy: pathogenesis and immunity
Rogerson, S. J., Hviid, L., Duffy, P. E., Leke, R. F., & Taylor, D. W. (2007) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(07)70022-1 · Cited by 628
Ota, K., Dambaeva, S., Han, A.-R., Beaman, K., Gilman-Sachs, A., & Kwak-Kim, J. (2014) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/det424 · Cited by 212
Self-citationFluctuation of peripheral blood T, B, and NK cells during a menstrual cycle of normal healthy women
Lee, S., Kim, J., Jang, B., Hur, S., Jung, U., Kil, K., Na, B., Lee, M., Choi, Y., Fukui, A., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0904192 · Cited by 130
Self-citationToth, B., Würfel, W., Bohlmann, M., Zschocke, J., Rudnik-Schöneborn, S., Nawroth, F., Schleußner, E., Rogenhofer, N., Wischmann, T., von Wolff, M., et al. (2018) · Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-0586-4568 · Cited by 119
Pro‐ and antiinflammatory cytokines in threatened miscarriages
Calleja-Agius, J., Muttukrishna, S., Pizzey, A. R., & Jauniaux, E. (2011) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2011.02.051 · Cited by 67
Metadata
- Authors
- Kwak-Kim, J. Y. H.
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2003-04-01
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 767-773
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- OpenAlex
- W2100592302
- Cited by
- 461
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Increased T helper 1 cytokine responses by circulating T cells are present in women with recurrent pregnancy losses and in infertile women with multiple implantation failures after IVF. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1093/humrep/deg156
- The paper
- Kwak-Kim, J. Y. H. (2003). Increased T helper 1 cytokine responses by circulating T cells are present in women with recurrent pregnancy losses and in infertile women with multiple implantation failures after IVF. Human Reproduction. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deg156
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
