Fluctuation of peripheral blood T, B, and NK cells during a menstrual cycle of normal healthy women
Open accessAbstract
Cyclical hormonal changes during an ovarian cycle may affect immune responses, which is crucial for the embryonic implantation. We aim to investigate whether the levels and activity of T, B, and NK cells change during a menstrual cycle. Twenty-two normally cycling women were enrolled and peripheral blood was drawn serially during a menstrual cycle. Intracellular cytokine expression of CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) cells, and Th1/Th2 cytokine-producing T cell ratios were determined using flow cytometric analysis. NK cell cytotoxicity was measured by flow cytometric analysis at E:T ratios of 50:1, 25:1, and 12.5:1 and also using LU at 20%. Proportions (percentage) of CD3(+) (p = 0.046) and CD3(+)CD4(+) (p = 0.002) T cells were increased in the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase. The levels of CD3(-)CD56(+) (p = 0.010) and CD3(-)CD56(dim) (p = 0.012) NK cells and NK cytotoxicity at E:T ratio of 50:1, 25:1, and 12.5:1 and LU at 20% were significantly increased in the luteal phase compared with the follicular phase. Even though IL-10-producing CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells were significantly lower in the midluteal phase as compared with the early follicular phase, proportions of CD19(+) B cells, CD3(+)CD56(+) NKT cells, Th1 cytokine-producing T cell subsets, and ratios of Th1/Th2 cytokine-producing T cells were not significantly changed during a menstrual cycle. We conclude that peripheral blood NK and T cell levels as well as NK cytotoxicity are changed during a menstrual cycle. Neuroendocrine regulation on immune responses is suggested during an ovarian cycle, which may be critical for embryonic implantation and pregnancy.
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In healthy subjects, close coordination between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and immune systems has been described, giving rise to regular fluctuations over the course of the menstrual cycle as well as acute variations in response to HPG activation.
“In healthy subjects, close coordination between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) and immune systems has been described, giving rise to regular fluctuations over the course of the menstrual cycle as well as acute variations in response to HPG activation8,9.”
From Leveraging Prior Knowledge of Endocrine Immune Regulation in the Therapeutically-relevant Phenotyping of Women with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredRegular variations over the course of the menstrual cycle profoundly influence immune function.
“regular variations over the course of the menstrual cycle profoundly influence immune function8”
From Leveraging Prior Knowledge of Endocrine Immune Regulation in the Therapeutically-relevant Phenotyping of Women with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [8]
The Abstract reports menstrual-cycle changes in T- and NK-cell levels and NK cytotoxicity. But the Discussion says the magnitude of the changes was relatively small, so “profoundly” overstates the finding. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Lee, S., Kim, J., Jang, B., Hur, S., Jung, U., Kil, K., Na, B., Lee, M., Choi, Y., Fukui, A., Gilman-Sachs, A., & Kwak-Kim, J. Y.
- Affiliations
- Konyang University (KR)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Konyang University , Seoul ,
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Konyang University , Daejeon ,
- CHA University (KR)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul ,
- Hirosaki University (JP)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science , Vernon Hills, IL 60061
- Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science (US)
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2010-07-01
- Volume
- 185
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 756-762
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- OpenAlex
- W1615351564
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Reproductive System and Pregnancy
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Cell Function and Interaction
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle, natural killer cells, T cells, B cells, NK cell cytotoxicity, follicular phase, luteal phase, Th1/Th2 cytokines, IL-10, ovarian cycle, neuroendocrine-immune regulation, embryo implantation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic, Female, Humans, Killer Cells, Natural, Menstrual Cycle, Prospective Studies, Immunophenotyping, B-Lymphocyte Subsets, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Cytokines, Women's Health, Th1 Cells, Th2 Cells, Lymphocyte Count, Young Adult
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