Cited by 31Inflammatory Bowel DiseaseChild Nutrition and Feeding IssuesClinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology

Diet and anthropometrics of children with inflammatory bowel disease: A comparison with the general population

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Diederen, Kay, Krom, Hilde, Koole, Jeffrey C D, Benninga, Marc A, Kindermann, Angelika·2018·Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Abstract

Background: There is a lack of knowledge regarding the diet of children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we investigated dietary intake in pediatric IBD compared to the general population and assessed anthropometrics and food avoidance. Methods: In this cross-sectional cohort study, patients younger than 18 years with IBD were included (2014-2017). Dietary intake (total energy, macro nutrients, food types) was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and compared with a matched reference population (n = 306). Results: There were 102 patients included (55% male, median age 15.0 years). Median height Z-score was -0.39 (interquartile range [IQR]: -1.17 to 0.26). Growth failure (height Z-scores<-1.64) was present in 11% of patients. Median BMI Z-score was 0.36 (IQR: -0.70 to 0.96). Acute malnutrition (weight-for-height Z-score<-2) was present in 3% of patients. Energy intake was lower in pediatric IBD compared to the reference population (mean kilojoule/day: 8286 vs 9794, P < 0.001). Protein intake did not differ, while fat intake was higher in pediatric IBD (mean gram/day: 101 vs 91, P < 0.001), with higher intake of vegetable oils/fats. Carbohydrate intake was lower in pediatric IBD (mean gram/day: 267 vs 305, P < 0.001), with lower intake of food types high in sugar. Food avoidance was reported in 53% of patients, with frequent avoidance of spicy (46%), high-fat food (30%), and dairy (30%). Conclusions: The diet of children with IBD differs from the general pediatric population, with lower energy intake and high rates of food avoidance. Evaluation of the dietary intake alongside anthropometrics may be important to prevent nutrition deficiencies and promote health.

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  • Identification of specific foods that influence symptoms or trigger flare-ups can lead to food avoidance or exclusion diets in children and adolescents with IBD.

    “This can lead to food avoidance or exclusion diets in children and adolescents with IBD, which may or may not be necessary and can negatively impact nutritional status [27].”

    From Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Nutrition Workshop for Parents of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Initial Effectiveness. (2021) · cites this paper as [27]

    The Food avoidance section reports that 53% of children with IBD avoided foods because of worsening abdominal symptoms, and the Discussion says patients may adopt diets excluding those foods (page numbers unavailable). The paper warns about inadequate intake and nutritional deficiencies, but does not establish that the avoided foods trigger flare-ups or that avoidance itself worsened nutritional status; it also does not assess whether particular exclusions were necessary. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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  • Food avoidance or exclusion diets in children and adolescents with IBD may or may not be necessary and can negatively impact nutritional status.

    “This can lead to food avoidance or exclusion diets in children and adolescents with IBD, which may or may not be necessary and can negatively impact nutritional status [27].”

    From Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Nutrition Workshop for Parents of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Initial Effectiveness. (2021) · cites this paper as [27]

    The Food avoidance section reports that 53% of the children avoided foods because of abdominal symptoms. The Discussion describes exclusion diets, lower energy intake, and a possible effect of insufficient intake on growth; it also recommends balanced-diet counseling to prevent nutritional deficiencies. It does not assess whether the exclusions were necessary or establish that food avoidance itself worsened nutritional status. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Mamula P, Markowitz J, Baldassano R. Growth impairment in pediatric inflam- matory bowel disease Title. Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. New York, NY: Springer; 2008:103-4.
  2. Filippi J, Al-Jaouni R, Wiroth JB, et al. Nutritional deficiencies in patients with Crohn's disease in remission. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2006;12:185-91.
  3. Thomas AG, Taylor F, Miller V. Dietary intake and nutritional treatment in child- hood Crohn's disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 1993;17:75-81.

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Authors
Diederen, K., Krom, H., Koole, J. C. D., Benninga, M. A., & Kindermann, A.
Affiliations
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author
Diederen, Kay
Venue
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Published
2018-04-25
Volume
24
Issue
8
Pages
1632-1640
ISSN
  • 1078-0998 (ISSN-L)
  • 1536-4844
OpenAlex
W2801018157
Cited by
31
References
66
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6
FWCI
2.75
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
Keywords
inflammatory bowel disease, pediatric inflammatory bowel disease
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Body Height, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet, Diet Surveys, Feeding Behavior, Female, Humans, Male, Netherlands, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Cohort Studies, Nutrition Assessment, Linear Models, Dietary Supplements, Malnutrition

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