Cited by 1,038Physical Activity and HealthStatistical Methods in EpidemiologyNutritional Studies and Diet

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Reproducibility and Validity of a Self-Administered Physical Activity Questionnaire

WOLF, ANNE M, HUNTER, DAVID J, COLDITZ, GRAHAM A, MANSON, JOANN E, STAMPFER, MEIR J, CORSANO, KAREN A, ROSNER, BERNARD, KRISKA, ANDREA, WILLETT, WALTER C·1994·International Journal of Epidemiology

DOI 10.1093/ije/23.5.991

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The reproducibility and validity of self-administered questionnaires on physical activity and inactivity were examined in a random (representative) sample of the Nurses' Health Study II cohort and a random sample of African-American women in that cohort. METHODS: Repeat questionnaires were administered 2 years apart. Past-week activity recalls and 7-day activity diaries were the referent methods; these instruments were sent to participants four times over a 1-year period. RESULTS: The 2-year test-retest correlation for activity was 0.59 for the representative sample (n = 147) and 0.39 for the African-American sample (n = 84). Correlations between activity reported on recalls and that reported on questionnaire were 0.79 and 0.83 for the representative and African-American samples, respectively. Correlations between activity reported in diaries and that reported on questionnaire were 0.62 and 0.59, respectively. Test-retest coefficients for inactivity were 0.52 and 0.55, respectively. Correlations between inactivity reported in diaries and that reported on questionnaire were 0.41 and 0.44, respectively. CONCLUSION: The simple, short questionnaires on activity and inactivity used in the Nurses' Health Study II are reasonably valid measures for epidemiological research.

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Method
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Fish and marine fatty acids intakes, the FADS genotypes and long-term weight gain: a prospective cohort study
Huang, T., Wang, T., Heianza, Y., Wiggs, J. L., Sun, D., Choi, H.-K., Chai, J. F., Sim, X., Khor, C. C., Friedlander, Y., et al. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022877 · Cited by 9
“The validity of the self-reported physical activity data has been described previously in the NHS and HPFS.(37) In the WHI, an estimated metabolic equivalent (MET) level for each type of activity was assigned from a compendium of activities.”
MethodInfluential
Dietary fat in relation to all‐cause mortality and cancer progression and death among people with metastatic colorectal cancer: Data from CALGB 80405 (Alliance)/ SWOG 80405
Blarigan, E. L. V., Ma, C., Ou, F., Bainter, T. M., Venook, A. P., Ng, K., Niedzwiecki, D., Giovannucci, E. L., Lenz, H., Polite, B. N., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.34230 · Cited by 9
“The measures used to assess physical activity and anthropometry have been validated.(41-43)”
Method
Aspirin Use is Associated with Lower Risk of Barrett's Esophagus in Women
Jovani, M., Cao, Y., Feskanich, D., Hur, C., Jacobson, B. C., & Chan, A. T. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(17)30692-3 · Cited by 9
Physical Activity during Adolescence and Early Adulthood and Breast Cancer Risk before Age 40 Years
Kehm, R. D., Genkinger, J. M., Knight, J. A., et al. (2024) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-24-0743 · Cited by 7
Longitudinal Analysis of Sweet Taste Preference Through Genetic and Phenotypic Data Integration
Bae, J. H., & Kang, H. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13213370 · Cited by 7
“…questionnaires versus technician-based anthropometric measurements The reproducibility of the physical activity data had been validated previously [29]. were highly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient r] = 0.97 in both studies) in Alcohol intake was assessed on the FFQ every 4 years, and…”
MethodInfluential
Are the ways women cope with stressors related to their health behaviors over time?
Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Smith, S. G., & Kubzansky, L. (2025) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaf006 · Cited by 6
“…with a validated questionnaire, which showed high correlations with activity reported on past-week activities recalls and 7-day activity diaries 57 ; a score of 1 was assigned when women reported ≥ 150 minutes per week of moderate-to-vigorous activity (eg, brisk walking, running, bicycling).”
Differential association of selenium exposure with insulin resistance and β-cell function in middle age and older adults
Rodriguez-Hernandez, Z., Aguilar, J. B., Moreno‐Franco, B., Grau-Pérez, M., Redón, J., Gómez‐Ariza, J. L., García‐Barrera, T., Olmedo, P., Gil, F., Cenarro, A., et al. (2025) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/s41387-025-00361-2 · Cited by 8
Occupational Exposure to Disinfectants and Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease among US Nurses: The Nurses’ Health Study II
Wang, Y., Dumas, O., Varraso, R., Sun, Y., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Manson, J. E., Mukamal, K. J., Zhang, Y., Camargo, C. A., & Messerlian, C. (2025) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp14945 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Estimating the Effects of Lifestyle Interventions on Mortality Among Cancer Survivors: A Methodologic Framework
McGee, E. E., Hernán, M. Á., Giovannucci, E. L., Mucci, L. A., Chiu, Y., Eliassen, A. H., & Dickerman, B. A. (2025) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000001889 · Cited by 7
Physical Activity and Attitudes Toward Exercise in People With Axial and Peripheral Spondyloarthritis
Liu, S., Shridharmurthy, D., Lapane, K. L., et al. (2020) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.200354 · Cited by 7
“) and determinants (frequency, intensity, and duration) of physical activity participation over the previous week (15).”
Background
Lifetime duration of lactation and chronic inflammation among middle-aged women with a history of gestational diabetes
Ley, S. H., Chavarro, J. E., Hinkle, S. N., Li, M., Tsai, M. Y., Hu, F. B., & Zhang, C. (2020) · BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care · doi:10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001229 · Cited by 7
Physical activity, obesity, and bladder cancer incidence
Chantaprasopsuk, S., Rees‐Punia, E., & Patel, A. V. (2023) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-023-01711-0 · Cited by 7
“Further, current weight, physical activity, and smoking status were selfreported and may be subject to misreporting, although it is worth noting that several of these self-reported measures have at least moderate validity with a criterion measure, such as 7-day diaries [35].”
Background
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective cohort study
Wang, Y., Varraso, R., Dumas, O., Stuart, J. J., Florio, A. A., Wang, L., Rich-Edwards, J. W., Camargo, C. A., & Chavarro, J. E. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2023.100540 · Cited by 7
Physical Activity, Sitting Time, and Risk of Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and Other Myeloid Malignancies
Rees‐Punia, E., Patel, A. V., Fallon, E. A., Gapstur, S. M., & Teras, L. R. (2019) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0232 · Cited by 7
“However, the CPS-II physical activity and sitting time items are very similar to the items validated in the Nurses' Health Study II (18).”
Method
Association of Habitual Alcohol Consumption With Long-term Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Women With a History of Gestational Diabetes
Hinkle, S. N., Bao, W., Wu, J., Sun, Y., Ley, S. H., Tobias, D. K., Qian, F., Rawal, S., Zhu, Y., Chavarro, J. E., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.24669 · Cited by 8
Unrestrained eating behavior and risk of mortality: A prospective cohort study
Zhang, Y., Song, M., Yuan, C., Chan, A. T., Schernhammer, E. S., Wolpin, B. M., Stampfer, M. J., Meyerhardt, J. A., Fuchs, C. S., Roberts, S. B., et al. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2021.09.014 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Waist-to-Hip Ratio, Body Mass Index and Sex Hormone Levels Associated with Breast Cancer Risk in Premenopausal Caucasian Women
Barnett, J. B., Woods, M. N., ROSNER, B. A., McCormack, C., ., L. F., Longcope, C., & Gorbach, S. L. (2002) · Journal of Medical Sciences(Faisalabad) · doi:10.3923/jms.2002.170.176 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
A Regularization Corrected Score Method for Nonlinear Regression Models with Covariate Error
Zucker, D. M., Gorfine, M., Li, Y., et al. (2013) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2012.01833.x · Cited by 7
Physical Activity Measurements
Hu, F. B. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195312911.003.0007 · Cited by 7
Physical Activity and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Generally Healthy Women
Yang, S., & Jensen, M. K. (2015) · Journal of Community Medicine & Health Education · doi:10.4172/2161-0711.1000377 · Cited by 7
“Physical activity was assessed via structured questionnaire which has been previously described to be valid and reproducible [19].”
Method
The association between post-diagnosis health behaviors and long-term quality of life in survivors of ductal carcinoma in situ: a population-based longitudinal cohort study
Hart, V., Trentham‐Dietz, A., Berkman, A. M., Fujii, M. H., Veal, C. T., Hampton, J. M., Gangnon, R. E., Newcomb, P. A., Gilchrist, S. C., & Sprague, B. L. (2018) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-018-1807-6 · Cited by 7
Rotating Nightshift Work and Hematopoietic Cancer Risk in US Female Nurses
Zhang, Y., Birmann, B. M., Papantoniou, K., Zhou, E. S., Erber, A. C., & Schernhammer, E. S. (2020) · JNCI Cancer Spectrum · doi:10.1093/jncics/pkz106 · Cited by 7
Physical Activity and Breast Cancer: Is There a Link?
Dorgan, J. F. (1998) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/90.15.1116 · Cited by 7
Sex Hormone Levels in Premenopausal African-American Women With Upper and Lower Body Fat Phenotypes
Barnett, J. B., Woods, M. N., Rosner, B., et al. (2001) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1207/s15327914nc41-1&2_6 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Type 2 diabetes metabolomics score and risk of progression to type 2 diabetes among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus
Tobias, D. K., Hamaya, R., Clish, C. B., Liang, L., Deik, A., Dennis, C., Bullock, K. H., Zhang, C., Hu, F. B., & Manson, J. E. (2024) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.3763 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
All‐cause and cause‐specific mortality risk and loss in life expectancy associated with incident type 2 diabetes onset age and duration
Zhang, Y., Song, M., Wang, M., Hertzmark, E., Wu, K., Eliassen, A. H., Mucci, L. A., Sun, Q., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., et al. (2024) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.13817 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Physical activity, cardiovascular disease, and mortality across obesity levels
Tian, Q., Chen, S., Liu, S., Li, Y., Wu, S., & Wang, Y. (2025) · The EPMA Journal · doi:10.1007/s13167-025-00397-5 · Cited by 6
Consistent Adherence to Physical Activity Guidelines and Digestive System Cancer Risk and Mortality
Zhang, Y., Lee, D. H., Rezende, L. F. M., Keum, N., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2025) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2025.4185 · Cited by 6
The association of physical activity with survival in colon cancer versus a matched general population: Data from Cancer and Leukemia Group B 89803 and 80702 (Alliance)
Brown, J. C., Ma, C., Shi, Q., Saltz, L. B., Shields, A. F., & Meyerhardt, J. A. (2025) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.35727 · Cited by 6
“Although the questionnaire is validated, 9 it was limited to several recreational physical activities and not a comprehensive assessment of all domains of physical activity.”
Association between weight cycling and risk of kidney cancer: a prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of observational studies
Lee, D. H., Keum, N., Rezende, L. F. M., Tabung, F. K., Hong, S., & Giovannucci, E. L. (2021) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-021-01455-9 · Cited by 6
Recreational Physical Activity and Outcomes After Breast Cancer in Women at High Familial Risk
Kehm, R. D., MacInnis, R. J., John, E. M., et al. (2021) · JNCI Cancer Spectrum · doi:10.1093/jncics/pkab090 · Cited by 6
Rotating Night Shift Work and Bladder Cancer Risk in Women: Results of Two Prospective Cohort Studies
Haghayegh, S., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Strohmaier, S., Papantoniou, K., Markt, S. C., Giovannucci, E. L., & Schernhammer, E. S. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20032202 · Cited by 8
Isokinetic and Isometric Muscle Strength of the Knee Flexors and Extensors in Patients with the Fibromyalgia Syndrome and Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Çubukçu, S., Alimoğlu, M. K., Samancı, N., et al. (2007) · Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain · doi:10.1300/j094v15n03_07 · Cited by 6
“The reported time spent at each activity per week was multiplied by its typical energy expenditure requirements expressed in metabolic equivalents [METs] to obtain a MET-hour score (21).”
Method

Authors: WOLF, A. M., HUNTER, D. J., COLDITZ, G. A., MANSON, J. E., STAMPFER, M. J., CORSANO, K. A., ROSNER, B., KRISKA, A., & WILLETT, W. C.
Affiliations: Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
University of Pittsburgh (US)
ORCID: COLDITZ, GRAHAM A
MANSON, JOANN E
STAMPFER, MEIR J
ROSNER, BERNARD
KRISKA, ANDREA
WILLETT, WALTER C
Venue: International Journal of Epidemiology
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 1994
Volume: 23
Issue: 5
Pages: 991-999
ISSN: 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
1464-3685
DOI: 10.1093/ije/23.5.991
OpenAlex: W2158187071
Cited by: 1,038
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 50
FWCI: 3.40
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: International Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Cancer Institute (CA-55075, CA50385, R01CA050385)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Keywords: physical activity questionnaire, reproducibility, validity, test-retest reliability, physical inactivity, activity diaries, Nurses' Health Study II, African American women, self-reported physical activity
MeSH terms: Adult, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Random Allocation, Reproducibility of Results, Exercise

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Reproducibility and Validity of a Self-Administered Physical Activity Questionnaire

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