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Reproducibility and Validity of a Self-Administered Physical Activity Questionnaire
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The reproducibility and validity of self-administered questionnaires on physical activity and inactivity were examined in a random (representative) sample of the Nurses' Health Study II cohort and a random sample of African-American women in that cohort. METHODS: Repeat questionnaires were administered 2 years apart. Past-week activity recalls and 7-day activity diaries were the referent methods; these instruments were sent to participants four times over a 1-year period. RESULTS: The 2-year test-retest correlation for activity was 0.59 for the representative sample (n = 147) and 0.39 for the African-American sample (n = 84). Correlations between activity reported on recalls and that reported on questionnaire were 0.79 and 0.83 for the representative and African-American samples, respectively. Correlations between activity reported in diaries and that reported on questionnaire were 0.62 and 0.59, respectively. Test-retest coefficients for inactivity were 0.52 and 0.55, respectively. Correlations between inactivity reported in diaries and that reported on questionnaire were 0.41 and 0.44, respectively. CONCLUSION: The simple, short questionnaires on activity and inactivity used in the Nurses' Health Study II are reasonably valid measures for epidemiological research.
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“The reproducibility and validity of self-administered questionnaires on adult physical activity were examined in a prospective cohort and found to be appropriate for epidemiologic research (77).”
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Validity and reproducibility of a physical activity questionnaire in women
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“Physical activity was expressed as metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours of moderate to vigorous exercise per week (Wolf et al. 1994).”
MethodLow Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate is Associated With Increased Risk of Ischemic Stroke Among Women
Jiménez, M. C., Sun, Q., Schürks, M., Chiuve, S. E., Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., & Rexrode, K. M. (2013) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/strokeaha.111.000485 · Cited by 50
Self-citationKhalili, H., de Silva, P. S., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., Lochhead, P. J., Joshi, A. D., Garber, J. J., Richter, J. R., Sauk, J. S., & Chan, A. T. (2017) · Inflammatory Bowel Diseases · doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000001161 · Cited by 50
Improving fruit and vegetable intake attenuates the genetic association with long-term weight gain
Wang, T., Heianza, Y., Sun, D., Zheng, Y., Huang, T., Ma, W., Rimm, E. B., Manson, J. E., Hu, F. B., Willett, W. C., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqz136 · Cited by 50
“The reproducibility and validity of physical activity have been described previously (25), and the level of physical activity was evaluated by metabolic equivalent hours per week.”
MethodSelf-citationHuang, T., Balasubramanian, R., Yao, Y., Clish, C. B., Shadyab, A. H., Liu, B., Tworoger, S. S., Rexrode, K. M., Manson, J. E., Kubzansky, L. D., et al. (2020) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00870-9 · Cited by 53
Self-citationCalton, B. A., Lacey, J. V., Schatzkin, A. G., Schairer, C., Colbert, L. H., Albanes, D., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2006) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.21840 · Cited by 47
“62.(48) Similarly, in the study by Thune and Lund,(17) a reasonable correlation was found between leisuretime activity and physical fitness.”
BackgroundArchambault, A. N., Jeon, J., Lin, Y., Thomas, M., Harrison, T. A., Bishop, D. T., Brenner, H., Casey, G., Chan, A. T., Chang-Claude, J. C., et al. (2022) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djac003 · Cited by 54
Iversen, M. D., Frits, M. L., von Heideken, J., Cui, J., Weinblatt, M. E., & Shadick, N. A. (2016) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.23156 · Cited by 49
for the EARTH Study Team, Chiu, Y., Williams, P. L., et al. (2017) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/jes.2017.22 · Cited by 49
Ma, W., Jovani, M., Nguyen, L. H., Tabung, F. K., Song, M., Liu, P., Cao, Y., Tam, I., Wu, K., Giovannucci, E. L., et al. (2019) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2019.11.011 · Cited by 53
Physical activity, adiposity, and risk of endometrial cancer
Conroy, M. B., Sattelmair, J. R., Cook, N. R., Manson, J. E., Buring, J. E., & Lee, I.-M. M. (2009) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-009-9313-3 · Cited by 47
“0 mph; very brisk/striding pace]) and the number of flights of stairs climbed daily (0, 1–2, 3–4, 5– 9, 10–14, or 15) [24] on average.”
Self-citationHuang, T., Zheng, Y., Qi, Q., Xu, M., Ley, S. H., Li, Y., Kang, J. H., Wiggs, J. L., Pasquale, L. R., Chan, A. T., et al. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db15-0264 · Cited by 52
“The validity of the self-reported physical activity data has been described previously (25).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSotos‐Prieto, M., Santos-Beneit, G., Bodega, P., Pocock, S., Mattei, J., & Peñalvo, J. L. (2015) · PubMed · doi:10.3305/nh.2015.32.3.9387 · Cited by 51
Physical activity and the incidence of multiple sclerosis
Dorans, K., Massa, J., Chitnis, T., Ascherio, A., & Munger, K. (2016) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000003260 · Cited by 45
“In a validation study of a random sample from NHS II, participants completed past-week activity recalls and 1-week activity diaries 4 times throughout 1 year.(12) Among 149 participants, correlations between questionnaire-reported activity and that reported by past-week activity recalls and activity diaries were 0.”
BackgroundMethodOrstad, S. L., McDonough, M. H., James, P., Klenosky, D. B., Laden, F., Mattson, M., & Troped, P. J. (2018) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.08.008 · Cited by 48
Yang, W., Sui, J., Zhao, L., Ma, Y., Tabung, F. K., Simon, T. G., Lee, D. H., Zeng, X., Nguyen, L. H., Meyerhardt, J. A., et al. (2021) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1329 · Cited by 49
“However, questionnaires used in the 2 cohorts have showed good reproducibility and validity for assessing dietary intake and other lifestyle such as physical activity (27, 28, 30, 31).”
BackgroundWittenbecher, C., Guasch‐Ferré, M., Haslam, D. E., Dennis, C., Li, J., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Lee, C., Qi, Q., Liang, L., Eliassen, A. H., et al. (2021) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103799 · Cited by 48
Wagner, M., Grodstein, F., Proust‐Lima, C., & Samieri, C. (2019) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwz262 · Cited by 51
“Detailed information on leisure-time physical activity was collected in 1986, 1988, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000 through a validated questionnaire (32).”
MethodOccupational factors and markers of ovarian reserve and response among women at a fertility centre
Mínguez‐Alarcón, L., Souter, I. C., Williams, P. L., et al. (2017) · Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1136/oemed-2016-103953 · Cited by 47
Schulze, M. B., Shai, I., Manson, J. E., Li, T., Rifai, N., Jiang, R., & Hu, F. B. (2004) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-004-1593-2 · Cited by 43
“Physical activity was computed as metabolic equivalents per week using the duration per week of various forms of exercise, weighting each activity by its intensity level [9].”
Self-citationPredictors of exercise participation in female hospital nurses
Kaewthummanukul, T., Brown, K. C., Weaver, M. T., & Thomas, R. R. (2006) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2006.03854.x · Cited by 45
Prevention of Weight Gain Following a Worksite Nutrition and Exercise Program
Thorndike, A. N., Sonnenberg, L. M., Healey, E. A., Myint-U, K., Kvedar, J. C., & Regan, S. (2012) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2012.02.029 · Cited by 46
Calcium intake and risk of primary hyperparathyroidism in women: prospective cohort study
Paik, J. M., Curhan, G. C., & Taylor, E. N. (2012) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.e6390 · Cited by 46
Psychological Factors and Their Association with Ideal Cardiovascular Health Among Women and Men
Mathews, L. M., Ogunmoroti, O., Nasir, K., Blumenthal, R. S., Utuama, O. A., Rouseff, M., Das, S., Veledar, E., Feldman, T., Agatston, A. S., et al. (2018) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2017.6563 · Cited by 47
“However, other cohorts have found that simple short questionnaires to assess physical activity are reasonably valid epidemiologic tools, particularly when used by healthcare professionals.(37) Third, this survey was conducted among healthcare employees who may be more health conscious than the general population; inde…”
MethodNassan, F. L., Chiu, Y., Vanegas, J. C., Gaskins, A. J., Williams, P. L., Ford, J. B., Attaman, J., Hauser, R. B., & Chavarro, J. E. (2018) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy185 · Cited by 51
“Moderate-to-vigorous activity (hours per week) was assessed using a validated questionnaire (24), and was calculated by summing the time spent in all physical activities, including weight and aerobic exercises and sports, as described previously in this cohort (25).”
Method
Metadata
- Authors
- WOLF, A. M., HUNTER, D. J., COLDITZ, G. A., MANSON, J. E., STAMPFER, M. J., CORSANO, K. A., ROSNER, B., KRISKA, A., & WILLETT, W. C.
- Affiliations
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1994
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 991-999
- ISSN
- 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3685
- OpenAlex
- W2158187071
- Cited by
- 1,038
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 53 · 2020: 49 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 55 · 2016: 67 · 2015: 54 · 2014: 50 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 50
- FWCI
- 3.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (CA-55075, CA50385, R01CA050385)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- physical activity questionnaire, reproducibility, validity, test-retest reliability, physical inactivity, activity diaries, Nurses' Health Study II, African American women, self-reported physical activity
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Epidemiologic Methods, Female, Humans, Surveys and Questionnaires, Random Allocation, Reproducibility of Results, Exercise
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