The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Bias from conditioning on live birth in pregnancy cohorts: an illustration based on neurodevelopment in children after prenatal exposure to organic pollutants
Open accessAbstract
Only 60-70% of fertilized eggs may result in a live birth, and very early fetal loss mainly goes unnoticed. Outcomes that can only be ascertained in live-born children will be missing for those who do not survive till birth. In this article, we illustrate a common bias structure (leading to 'live-birth bias') that arises from studying the effects of prenatal exposure to environmental factors on long-term health outcomes among live births only in pregnancy cohorts. To illustrate this we used prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-aged children as an example. PFAS are persistent organic pollutants that may impact human fecundity and be toxic for neurodevelopment. We simulated several hypothetical scenarios based on characteristics from the Danish National Birth Cohort and found that a weak inverse association may appear even if PFAS do not cause ADHD but have a considerable effect on fetal survival. The magnitude of the negative bias was generally small, and adjusting for common causes of the outcome and fetal loss can reduce the bias. Our example highlights the need to identify the determinants of pregnancy loss and the importance of quantifying bias arising from conditioning on live birth in observational studies.
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Citations
Cites
Causal Diagrams for Epidemiologic Research
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A structural approach to selection bias
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“A well-known example of collider bias is selection bias resulting from study participants’ differential (in terms of outcome and exposure) non-response or loss to followup.(25) Competing risk and survivor bias have also been previously conceptualized as forms of collider bias.”
BackgroundIncidence of early loss of pregnancy
Wilcox, A. J., Weinberg, C. R., O'Connor, J. F., Baird, D. D., Schlatterer, J. P., Canfield, R. E., Armstrong, E. G., & Nisula, B. C. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198807283190401 · Cited by 2,354
Maternal Pesticide Exposure from Multiple Sources and Selected Congenital Anomalies
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The Danish National Birth Cohort - its background, structure and aim
Olsen, J., Melbye, M., Olsen, S. F., Sørensen, T. I. A., Aaby, P., Nybo Andersen, A.-M., Taxbøl, D., Hansen, K. D., Juhl, M., Schow, T. B., et al. (2001) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948010290040201 · Cited by 1,068
Self-citationCompeting risks in epidemiology: possibilities and pitfalls
Andersen, P. K., Geskus, R. B., de Witte, T., & Putter, H. (2012) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyr213 · Cited by 985 · cited 1×
“This bias mechanism can also be conceptualized as a form of competing risk bias, as illustrated previously.(26,37) Studies relating prenatal exposures to long-term health outcomes require reflection Table 5.”
BackgroundPractitioner Review: What have we learnt about the causes of ADHD?
Thapar, A., Cooper, M., Eyre, O., & Langley, K. (2013) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x · Cited by 701
Effects of Perfluorooctanoic Acid Exposure during Pregnancy in the Mouse
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Cited by
Yu, Y., Arah, O. A., Liew, Z., Cnattingius, S., Olsen, J., Sørensen, H. T., Qin, G., & Li, J. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l6398 · Cited by 305
Self-citationGuo, P., Furnary, T., Vasiliou, V., Yan, Q., Nyhan, K., Jones, D. P., Johnson, C. H., & Liew, Z. (2022) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107159 · Cited by 145
Self-citationEndocrine-disrupting chemicals and child health
Ghassabian, A., Vandenberg, L., Kannan, K., & Trasande, L. (2022) · Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-021921-093352 · Cited by 112
Qin, X.-D., Zhou, Y., Bloom, M. S., Qian, Z. (., Geiger, S. D., Vaughn, M. G., Chu, C., Li, Q.-Q., Yang, B.-Y., Hu, L.-W., et al. (2023) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp11377 · Cited by 45
Inoue, K., Goto, A., Sugiyama, T., Ramlau-Hansen, C. H., & Liew, Z. (2020) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics8040125 · Cited by 35
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Metadata
- Authors
- Liew, Z., Olsen, J., Cui, X., Ritz, B., & Arah, O. A.
- Venue
- International Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-01-19
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 345-354
- ISSN
- 0300-5771 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-3685
- OpenAlex
- W2112721631
- Cited by
- 256
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 14.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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