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Cited by 55Influenza Virus Research StudiesPneumonia and Respiratory InfectionsRespiratory viral infections research

Influenza alone and in sequence with pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in the squirrel monkey.

Berendt, R. F., Long, G. G., Walker, J. S.·1975·Journal of Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1093/infdis/132.6.689
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Abstract

Squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) inoculated intratracheally with 10(4.2)-10(8.2) egg median infectious doses (EID50) of type A influenza virus (H3N2) responded with clinical illness including such signs as fever, sneezing or coughing, coryza, and increased respiratory rates. Necropsy studies performed six days after inoculation revealed bronchopneumonia in addition to a mild tracheitis. Squirrel monkeys given 10(5)-6 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu) of Streptococcus pneumoniae intratracheally died four to six days later after developing severe illness characterized by fever, bacteremia, lethargy, anorexia, coughing, labored breathing, and bronchopneumonia. Monkeys given 770 cfu of S. pneumoniae responded with less severe symptoms and survived. Four squirrel monkeys inoculated with 10(8.2) EID50 of virus and then 102 hr later with 770 cfu of S. pneumoniae developed severe disease; three of the four animals died within 40 hr. At necropsy these monkeys had more extensive and severe bronchopneumonia than was seen in monkeys infected with either organism alone.

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Crossref · 10.1093/infdis/132.6.689

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  • In squirrel monkeys, co-infection with influenza A and S. pneumoniae resulted in severe morbidity with a 75% death rate within 40 hours, whereas individual infections caused minor illness with 100% survival.

    “Co-infection of influenza A with S. pneumoniae resulted in severe morbidity with a 75% death rate within 40 h, clear evidence of the consequences of co/secondary bacterial infection (Berendt et al., 1975).”

    From Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics (2017) · cites this paper as Berendt et al., 1975

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Authors
Berendt, R. F., Long, G. G., & Walker, J. S.
Affiliations
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (US)
Corresponding author
Berendt, R. F.
Venue
Journal of Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1975-12-01
Volume
132
Issue
6
Pages
689-693
ISSN
  • 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6613
DOI
10.1093/infdis/132.6.689
OpenAlex
W2153700552
Cited by
55
References
11
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 3
FWCI
4.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
Keywords
H3N2, Streptococcus pneumoniae, squirrel monkey, Saimiri sciureus, co-infection, sequential infection, bronchopneumonia, bacteremia, tracheitis, respiratory diseases, pathogenicity, dose-response relationship
MeSH terms
Animals, Haplorhini, Bronchopneumonia, Lung, Orthomyxoviridae Infections, Pneumococcal Infections, Saimiri

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