Cited by 281Patient Safety and Medication ErrorsMedical Coding and Health InformationHealthcare Quality and Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Towards an International Classification for Patient Safety: the conceptual framework

Open access

The World Alliance For Patient Safety Drafting Group, Sherman, H., Castro, G., Fletcher, M., on behalf of The World Alliance for Patient Safety, Hatlie, M., Hibbert, P., Jakob, R., Koss, R., Lewalle, P., Loeb, J., Perneger, T., Runciman, W., Thomson, R., Van Der Schaaf, T., Virtanen, M.·2009·International Journal for Quality in Health Care

DOI 10.1093/intqhc/mzn054PMC PMC2638753

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Global advances in patient safety have been hampered by the lack of a uniform classification of patient safety concepts. This is a significant barrier to developing strategies to reduce risk, performing evidence-based research and evaluating existing healthcare policies relevant to patient safety. Since 2005, the World Health Organization's World Alliance for Patient Safety has undertaken the Project to Develop an International Classification for Patient Safety (ICPS) to devise a classification which transforms patient safety information collected from disparate systems into a common format to facilitate aggregation, analysis and learning across disciplines, borders and time. A drafting group, comprised of experts from the fields of patient safety, classification theory, health informatics, consumer/patient advocacy, law and medicine, identified and defined key patient safety concepts and developed an internationally agreed conceptual framework for the ICPS based upon existing patient safety classifications. The conceptual framework was iteratively improved through technical expert meetings and a two-stage web-based modified Delphi survey of over 250 international experts. This work culminated in a conceptual framework consisting of ten high level classes: incident type, patient outcomes, patient characteristics, incident characteristics, contributing factors/hazards, organizational outcomes, detection, mitigating factors, ameliorating actions and actions taken to reduce risk. While the framework for the ICPS is in place, several challenges remain. Concepts need to be defined, guidance for using the classification needs to be provided, and further real-world testing needs to occur to progressively refine the ICPS to ensure it is fit for purpose.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1093/intqhc/mzn054

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figure 1 Conceptual framework for the ICPS.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Figure 2 Detection.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Figure 3 Mitigating factors.CC BY-NC · PubMed Central

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Untitled work
(1986) · North-Holland eBooks · Cited by 1,883
Towards an International Classification for Patient Safety: key concepts and terms
Runciman, W., Hibbert, P., Thomson, R., Van Der Schaaf, T., Sherman, H., & Lewalle, P. (2009) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzn057 · Cited by 647
Self-citation
The JCAHO patient safety event taxonomy: a standardized terminology and classification schema for near misses and adverse events
Chang, A. (2005) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzi021 · Cited by 392
An integrated framework for safety, quality and risk management: an information and incident management system based on a universal patient safety classification
Runciman, W. B., Williamson, J. A. H., Deakin, A., Benveniste, K. A., Bannon, K., & Hibbert, P. D. (2006) · Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1136/qshc.2005.017467 · Cited by 156
Self-citation
Towards an International Classification for Patient Safety: a Delphi survey
Thomson, R., Lewalle, P., Sherman, H., Hibbert, P., Runciman, W., & Castro, G. (2009) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzn055 · Cited by 87
Self-citation
Borges on classification
Perneger, T. (2006) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzl008 · Cited by 5
Self-citation

Show all 6 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

2006, International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 28, 264

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 279

Patient safety awareness, knowledge and attitude about fire risk assessment during time‐out among perioperative nurses in Korea
Cho, O., Lee, D., & Hwang, K. (2022) · Nursing Open · doi:10.1002/nop2.1180 · Cited by 15
Challenges and Opportunities of Patient Safety Event Reporting
Gong, Y. (2022) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/shti220014 · Cited by 15
Safety and risk management in hospitals.
Dückers, M., Faber, M. J., Cruijsberg, J. K., Grol, R. P. T. M., Schoonhoven, L., & Wensing, M. (2009) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · Cited by 15
Patient safety incidents in radiology: frequency and distribution of incident types
Kasalak, Ö., Yakar, D., Dierckx, R., & Kwee, T. C. (2020) · Acta Radiologica · doi:10.1177/0284185120937386 · Cited by 14
Adverse Events in Home-Care Nursing Agencies and Related Factors: A Nationwide Survey in Japan
Morioka, N., & Kashiwagi, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052546 · Cited by 14
Understanding the risk factors for adverse events during exchange transfusion in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia using explainable artificial intelligence
Zhu, S., Zhou, L., Feng, Y., Zhu, J., Shu, Q., & Li, H. (2022) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-022-03615-5 · Cited by 14
Investigating Errors in Medical Imaging: Lessons for Practice From Medicolegal Closed Claims
Goergen, S., Schultz, T., Deakin, A., & Runciman, W. B. (2015) · Journal of the American College of Radiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2015.03.025 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Experience feedback committees: A way of implementing a root cause analysis practice in hospital medical departments
François, P., Lecoanet, A., Caporossi, A., Dols, A.-M., Seigneurin, A., & Boussat, B. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201067 · Cited by 14
Usability Testing of a Mobile App to Report Medication Errors Anonymously: Mixed-Methods Approach
George, D., Hassali, M. A., & Amar–Singh, H. S. S. (2018) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/12232 · Cited by 13
The Impact for Patient Outcomes of Failure to Follow Up on Test Results. How Can We Do Better?
Callen, J. L., Georgiou, A., Li, J., & Westbrook, J. I. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 14
Australian Dentist's Knowledge and Perceptions of Factors Affecting Radiographic Interpretation
Hegde, S., Gao, J., Vasa, R., Nanayakkara, S., & Cox, S. C. (2024) · International Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/j.identj.2023.11.006 · Cited by 13
Exploring the Experiences and Support of Nurses as Second Victims After Patient Safety Events in China: A Mixed-Method Approach
Tang, W.-Z., Xie, Y., Yan, Q., Teng, Y., Yu, L., Wei, L., Li, J., Chen, Y., Huang, X., Yang, S., et al. (2024) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s451766 · Cited by 13
Hydroxychloroquine dosing in immune-mediated diseases: implications for patient safety
Gianfrancesco, M. A., Schmajuk, G., Haserodt, S., Trupin, L. S., Izadi, Z., Jafri, K., SHIBOSKI, S. C., Sirota, M., Dudley, R. A., & Yazdany, J. (2017) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-017-3782-6 · Cited by 13
The Rise of Patient Safety-II: Should We Give Up Hope on Safety-I and Extracting Value From Patient Safety Incidents? Comment on "False Dawns and New Horizons in Patient Safety Research and Practice"
Carson‐Stevens, A., Donaldson, L., & Sheikh, A. (2018) · International Journal of Health Policy and Management · doi:10.15171/ijhpm.2018.23 · Cited by 13
Identifying ‘avoidable harm’ in family practice: a RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method consensus study
Carson‐Stevens, A., Campbell, S., Bell, B., Cooper, A., Armstrong, S., Ashcroft, D. M., Boyd, M., Evans, H. P., Mehta, R. L., Sheehan, C., et al. (2019) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-019-0990-z · Cited by 12
Using patients’ experiences of adverse events to improve health service delivery and practice: protocol of a data linkage study of Australian adults age 45 and above
Walton, M., Smith‐Merry, J., Harrison, R., Manias, E., Iedema, R. A. M., & Kelly, P. J. (2014) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006599 · Cited by 12
Factors influencing the patient safety climate in intensive care units: cross-sectional study
Nunes, R. D. L. S., Silva, A. E. B. D. C., de Lima, J. C., Carvalho, D. E., Bernardes, C. A., Sousa, T. P., Gimenes, F. R. E., & Pires, A. C. A. C. (2021) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-021-00643-x · Cited by 12
Allergy Safety Events in Health Care: Development and Application of a Classification Schema Based on Retrospective Review
Phadke, N. A., Wickner, P. G., Wang, L., Zhou, L., Mort, E. A., Bates, D. W., Seguin, C., Fu, X., & Blumenthal, K. G. (2022) · The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology In Practice · doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.03.026 · Cited by 12
Patient safety incidents in advance care planning for serious illness: a mixed-methods analysis
Dinnen, T., Williams, H., Yardley, S. J., Noble, S., Edwards, A., Hibbert, P. D., Kenkre, J. E., & Carson‐Stevens, A. (2019) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-001824 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
How Is Patient Safety Understood by Healthcare Professionals? The Case of Bhutan
Pelzang, R., & Hutchinson, A. M. (2017) · Journal of Patient Safety · doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000000450 · Cited by 12
Patient safety classifications, taxonomies and ontologies, part 2: A systematic review on content coverage
Moghadam, S. T., Sheikhtaheri, A., & Hooman, N. (2023) · Journal of Biomedical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104549 · Cited by 11
Patient Safety Incident Reporting and Learning Guidelines Implemented by Health Care Professionals in Specialized Care Units: Scoping Review
Gqaleni, T. M., Mkhize, S. W., & Chironda, G. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/48580 · Cited by 15
Front‐line ordering clinicians: Matching workforce to workload
Fieldston, E. S., Zaoutis, L. B., Hicks, P. J., Kolb, S. M., Sladek, E., Geiger, D., Agosto, P. M., Boswinkel, J. P., & Bell, L. M. (2014) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1002/jhm.2194 · Cited by 11
Classifications et définitions des événements indésirables associés aux soins primaires : une synthèse de la littérature
Keriel-Gascou, M., Figon, S., Letrilliart, L., Chanelière, M., & Colin, C. (2011) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2011.05.014 · Cited by 11
Patient Safety in Primary Allied Health Care
van Dulmen, S. A., Tacken, M. A. J. B., Staal, J. B., Gaal, S., Wensing, M., & der Sanden, M. W. G. N. (2011) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e3182367105 · Cited by 11
Magnitude and Predictors of Medication Administration Errors Among Nurses in Public Hospitals in Northeastern Ethiopia
Gebrye, D. B., Wudu, M. A., & Hailu, M. K. (2023) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/23779608231201466 · Cited by 10
Systematic review of types of safety incidents and the processes and systems used for safety incident reporting in care homes
Scott, J., Sykes, K., Waring, J., Spencer, M., Young‐Murphy, L., Mason, C., Newman, C., Brittain, K., & Dawson, P. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16264 · Cited by 12
Learning from diagnostic errors to improve patient safety when GPs work in or alongside emergency departments: incorporating realist methodology into patient safety incident report analysis
Cooper, A., Carson‐Stevens, A., Cooke, M. W., Hibbert, P. D., Hughes, T. C., Hussain, F., Siriwardena, A. N., Snooks, H. A., Donaldson, L., & Edwards, A. (2021) · BMC Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12873-021-00537-w · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Prevalência de incidentes relacionados à medicação em unidade de terapia intensiva
Filho, F. M. D. A., Pinho, D. L. M., Bezerra, A. L. Q., Amaral, R. T., & da Silva, M. E. (2015) · Acta Paulista de Enfermagem · doi:10.1590/1982-0194201500056 · Cited by 10
İlaç kaynaklı tıbbi hata / olay bildirimlerin Dünya Sağlık Örgütü “Hasta Güvenliği Uluslararası Sınıflandırması”na göre değerlendirilmesi
Aslan, Y. (2019) · Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine · doi:10.32322/jhsm.612510 · Cited by 10
Patient safety culture-perception of health care workers in a tertiary care hospital
Muralidhar, S., Taneja, A., & Ramesh, V. (2012) · International Journal of Risk & Safety in Medicine · doi:10.3233/jrs-2012-0575 · Cited by 10
Patient safety incident-reporting items in Korean hospitals
Hwang, J., Lee, S., & Park, H.-A. (2013) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzt026 · Cited by 9
Knowledge Representation in Patient Safety Reporting: An Ontological Approach
Liang, C., & Gong, Y. (2016) · Journal of Data and Information Science · doi:10.20309/jdis.201615 · Cited by 9
Examining the Importance of Hand Hygiene Policy and Patient Safety Culture on Improving Healthcare Workers’ Adherence to Hand Hygiene Practice in Critical Care Settings in the Sultanate of Oman: A Scoping Review
Sawafi, K. M. A. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.19773 · Cited by 9
CareTrack Kids—part 3. Adverse events in children's healthcare in Australia: study protocol for a retrospective medical record review
Hibbert, P. D., Hallahan, A. R., Muething, S. E., Lachman, P. I., Hooper, T. D., Wiles, L., Jaffé, A., White, L., Wheaton, G. R., Runciman, W. B., et al. (2015) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007750 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Leveraging user's performance in reporting patient safety events by utilizing text prediction in narrative data entry
Gong, Y., Hua, L., & Wang, S. (2016) · Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.03.031 · Cited by 9
Medication safety incidents associated with the remote delivery of primary care: a rapid review
Gleeson, L. L., Clyne, B., Barlow, J. W., Ryan, B., Murphy, P., Wallace, E., De Brún, A., Mellon, L., Hanratty, M., Ennis, M., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1093/ijpp/riac087 · Cited by 9
Credibility of Blood Flow Restriction Training in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
He, J., Zhang, L., Wu, Q., & Zhang, J. (2025) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/23259671241300145 · Cited by 10
Barriers of Reporting Incident and Suggested Sloutions from the Perspective of Staff Nurses
MOURD, M. S. A. M. S. S. B., & Etway, E. A. E. (2020) · The Medical Journal of Cairo University/The Medical Journal of Cairo University · doi:10.21608/mjcu.2020.93755 · Cited by 8
Quality Assurance in the Emergency Department
Baker, W. B., & Solano, J. J. (2020) · Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.emc.2020.05.002 · Cited by 8
POCT errors can lead to false potassium results
Soto, A. B., & Oliver, P. (2021) · Advances in Laboratory Medicine / Avances en Medicina de Laboratorio · doi:10.1515/almed-2021-0079 · Cited by 8
“We don’t look too much into the communication disability”: clinicians’ views and experiences on the effect of communication disability on falls in hospital patients with stroke
Sullivan, R., Harding, K. E., Skinner, I., & Hemsley, B. (2024) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2024.2324125 · Cited by 8
Co-worker unprofessional behaviour and patient safety risks: an analysis of co-worker reports across eight Australian hospitals
McMullan, R. D., Churruca, K., Hibbert, P. D., Li, L., Ash, R., Urwin, R., Pavithra, A., & Westbrook, J. I. (2024) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzae030 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Predictive Power of the "Trigger Tool" for the detection of adverse events in general surgery: a multicenter observational validation study
Zapata, A. I. P., Cuéllar, E. R., Bartolomé, M. D. L. F., Arroba, C. M., Morales, M. T. G., Segurola, C. L., Nogueras, M. G., Tejido-Sánchez, Á., López, P. R., Herrero, E. F., et al. (2022) · Patient Safety in Surgery · doi:10.1186/s13037-021-00316-3 · Cited by 8
Staff perceptions of patient safety in the NHS ambulance services: an exploratory qualitative study
Shepard, K., Spencer, S., Kelly, C. A., & Wankhade, P. (2022) · British Paramedic Journal · doi:10.29045/14784726.2022.03.6.4.18 · Cited by 8
Error proofing healthcare: an analysis of low cost, easy to implement and effective solutions
Kovach, J. V., Revere, L., & Black, K. U. (2013) · Leadership in health services · doi:10.1108/17511871311319704 · Cited by 8
Supporting Quality and Patient Safety in Cancer Clinical Trials
Badalucco, S., & Reed, K. K. (2011) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/11.cjon.263-265 · Cited by 8
Comparative analysis of routine clinical debriefings and incident reports: insights for patient safety and teamwork enhancement
Paquay, M., Kolbe, M., Klenkenberg, S., Buléon, C., Bertrand, A., Simon, R., & Ghuysen, A. (2025) · International Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1093/intqhc/mzaf010 · Cited by 7
Risk factors affecting maternal health outcomes in Rivers State of Nigeria: Towards the PRISMA model
Chinwah, V., Nyame‐Asiamah, F., & Ekanem, I. (2020) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113520 · Cited by 7
Detection of medical errors in kidney transplantation: A pilot study comparing proactive clinician debriefings to a hospital-wide incident reporting system
McElroy, L. M., Daud, A., Lapin, B. R., Ross, O. A., Woods, D. M., Skaro, A. I., Holl, J. L., & Ladner, D. P. (2014) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.surg.2014.05.013 · Cited by 7
Predicting Harm Scores from Patient Safety Event Reports
Chen, L., & Gong, Y. (2017) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-830-3-1075 · Cited by 7
Modelos e iniciativas de biovigilância e transplante: uma revisão narrativa
Roza, B. D. A., Kusahara, D. M., Pessoa, J. L. E., Treviso, P., de Oliveira, P. C., Leite, R. F., Thomé, T., Amorim, M. H. C., & Schirmer, J. (2019) · Vigilância Sanitária em Debate · doi:10.22239/2317-269x.01403 · Cited by 7
Methodological Approaches for Analyzing Medication Error Reports in Patient Safety Reporting Systems: A Scoping Review
Tchijevitch, O., Hansen, S. M.-B., Hallas, J., Bogh, S. B., Mulac, A., Walløe, S., Clausen, M. K., & Birkeland, S. (2024) · The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety · doi:10.1016/j.jcjq.2024.10.005 · Cited by 6
Mediating Role of Psychological Capital, Coping Styles Between Neurotic and Negative Experiences in Chinese Nurses' Second Victims: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Deng, Z., Zhang, X., He, F., Zhang, S., Du, R., & Gao, Z. (2025) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16852 · Cited by 6
Patient safety events cause harm across a variety of veterinary care settings: a global retrospective analysis
Larson, M., Low, R. M., Adler, J. A., Schortz, L., Shaw, S. P., Blackie, K., Grace, K., Hsu, Y., & Wu, A. M. (2025) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.24.08.0523 · Cited by 6
A qualitative, multi-framework methodology for analysing health information technology–related patient safety incidents
Jabin, M. S. R. (2026) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2026.1786358 · Cited by 6
Characterising the types of paediatric adverse events detected by the global trigger tool – CareTrack Kids
Hibbert, P. D., Runciman, W. B., Carson‐Stevens, A., Lachman, P. I., Wheaton, G. R., Hallahan, A. R., Jaffé, A., White, L., Muething, S. E., Wiles, L., et al. (2020) · Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management · doi:10.1177/2516043520969329 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Critical Incident Reporting System in Teaching Hospitals in Turkey: A Survey Study
Şalvız, E. A., Edipoğlu, İ. S., Sungur, M. O., Altun, D., Buget, M. I., & Seyhan, T. Ö. (2016) · Türk anesteziyoloji ve reanimasyon derneği dergisi · doi:10.5152/tjar.2016.75133 · Cited by 6
Incident Reporting, Aviation and Anaesthesia
Merry, A., & Henderson, B. (2017) · Anaesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.1177/0310057x1704500304 · Cited by 6
A framework for operationalizing risk: A practical approach to patient safety
Mathews, S. C., Sutcliffe, K. M., Garrett, M. R., Pronovost, P. J., & Paine, L. A. (2018) · Journal of Healthcare Risk Management · doi:10.1002/jhrm.21317 · Cited by 6
Toward Reporting Support and Quality Assessment for Learning from Reporting: A Necessary Data Elements Model for Narrative Medication Error Reports.
Yao, B., Kang, H., Ju, W., Zhou, S., & Gong, Y. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 6
A mixed methods analysis of lithium-related patient safety incidents in primary care
Young, R. S., Deslandes, P. N., Cooper, J. M., Williams, H., Kenkre, J. E., & Carson‐Stevens, A. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Drug Safety · doi:10.1177/2042098620922748 · Cited by 6
Subjektive Informiertheit von Patient*innen zum Thema Patientensicherheit: Ergebnisse einer Bevölkerungsbefragung in Deutschland
Müller, A., Sawicki, O. A., Müller, H., Schwappach, D. L. B., Wendt, P., Ploeger, C., Brueckle, M.-S., & Müller, B. S. (2021) · Zeitschrift für Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2021.07.004 · Cited by 6
Circumstances and outcomes of falls in hospital for adults with communication disability secondary to stroke: A qualitative synthesis
Sullivan, R., Skinner, I., Harding, K. E., & Hemsley, B. (2021) · Advances in Communication and Swallowing · doi:10.3233/acs-210028 · Cited by 6
A Brief History of the Patient Safety Movement in Anaesthesia
Runciman, W. B., & Merry, A. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8441-7_41 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
A Korean Version of the WHO International Classification for Patient Safety: A Validity Study
Kim, J., Lee, J., & Lee, S. (2009) · Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics · doi:10.4258/jksmi.2009.15.4.381 · Cited by 6
Adverse events leading to intensive care unit admission in a low-and-middle-income-country: A prospective cohort study and a systematic review
Pedro, R. A. D. M., Besen, B. A. M. P., Mendes, P. V., Gomes, A. C. M., de Carvalho, M. T., Malbouisson, L. M. S., Park, M., & Taniguchi, L. U. (2023) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2023.154510 · Cited by 5
Patient safety incidents in the psychiatric inpatient setting: determinants, consequences, and strategies. A systematic review
Russotto, S., Conti, A. A., Masini, A., Valenta, S. T., Vanhaecht, K., Mira, J. J., & Panella, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1703768 · Cited by 5
Creating a web‐based incident analysis and communication system
Marsal, S., & Heffner, J. E. (2011) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1002/jhm.956 · Cited by 5
Quelle définition et taxonomie utiliser pour un recueil d’événements indésirables associés aux soins primaires en France ?
Keriel-Gascou, M., Brami, J., Chanelière, M., Haeringer-Cholet, A., Larrieu, C., Villebrun, F., Robert, T., & Michel, P. (2014) · Revue d Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique · doi:10.1016/j.respe.2013.10.007 · Cited by 5
Capturing, Reporting, and Learning from Adverse Events
Sánchez, J. A., & Barach, P. R. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-44010-1_40 · Cited by 5
A realist synthesis of interprofessional patient safety activities and healthcare student attitudes towards patient safety
Cleary, E. H., Bloomfield, J. G., Frotjold, A., & Schneider, C. R. (2023) · Journal of Interprofessional Care · doi:10.1080/13561820.2023.2238772 · Cited by 4
An Experience Feedback Committee for Improving Medication Process Safety: An Observational Study in a Hospital Pharmacy Department
Caporossi, A. (2014) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems · doi:10.4172/2376-0419.s1-010 · Cited by 5
Towards the creation of a flexible classification scheme for voluntarily reported transfusion and laboratory safety events
Whitehurst, J., Schroder, J., Leonard, D., Horvath, M. M., Cozart, H. B., & Ferranti, J. M. (2012) · Journal of Biomedical Semantics · doi:10.1186/2041-1480-3-4 · Cited by 5
Self-medication errors in community pharmacies
Häyrinen, A., Alastalo, N., Holmström, A.-R., Siitonen, P., & Hämeen‐Anttila, K. (2026) · Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.sapharm.2026.02.008 · Cited by 4
A multifaceted risk management program to improve the reporting rate of patient safety incidents in primary care: a cluster-randomised controlled trial
Chanelière, M., Buchet-Poyau, K., Keriel-Gascou, M., Rabilloud, M., Colin, C., Langlois‐Jacques, C., & Touzet, S. (2024) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-024-02476-4 · Cited by 4
Influencing factors of self-reported near-miss in clinical nursing information system tasks among nurses: a multicenter cross-sectional study
Du, X., Shi, H., Peng, Y., Jiang, S., Song, J., Wang, C., Li, L., Xiao, M., Zhao, Q., & Huang, H. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03622-8 · Cited by 4
Relationship between Healthcare Provider’s Perception about Patient Safety and Patient Safety Implementation in The Emergency Department
Mulyana, Y., Yanny Trisyani, W., & Emaliyawati, E. (2020) · Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran · doi:10.24198/jkp.v8i1.995 · Cited by 4
Development of a patient safety culture scale for maternal and child health institutions in China: a cross-sectional validation study
Wang, Y., Han, H., Qiu, L., Liu, C., Wang, Y., & Liu, W. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025607 · Cited by 4
Assuming our global responsibility: improving working conditions for health care workers globally.
Yassi, A., Bryce, E., & Spiegel, J. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 4
Establishment and application of medication error classification standards in nursing care based on the International Classification of Patient Safety
Zhu, X., Duan, X., Tian, M., & Shi, Y. (2014) · International Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2014.05.025 · Cited by 4
Tailoring "Best-of-Breed" Safety Classification for Patient Fall Voluntary Reporting
Whitehurst, J., Cozart, H. B., Leonard, D., Schroder, J., Horvath, M. M., Avent, S., & Ferranti, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Patient Safety · doi:10.1097/pts.0b013e3181f1252c · Cited by 4
Nurse-led pre-travel health consultations : evaluating current practice and developing a new model
Willcox, A. (2026) · Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) · doi:10.82444/warw.33608170 · Cited by 4
The Ambulatory Version of the Safety Attitude Questionnaire: Psychometric Validation and Measurement Properties in Nigerian Clinical Setting.
Ogaji, D., Emudiaga-Ohwerhi, M., & Adesina, A. D. (2021) · PubMed · doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000000551 · Cited by 3
Barriers and facilitators of nurse second victim of patient safety incident actively to seek support: a qualitative study
Li, Q., Zhang, Y., Gao, Z., Deng, Z., Wu, Q., Lu, W., & Zhang, X. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03499-7 · Cited by 3
Diagnostic stewardship mechanisms in electronic test results management – a scoping review
Li, J., Thomas, J., Baysari, M. T., Georgiou, A., & Prgomet, M. (2025) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2025.106178 · Cited by 3
Understanding the Limits of Patient Safety Classification Systems for Health Information Technology–Related Incidents
Jabin, M. S. R. (2026) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/91783 · Cited by 3
Analysis of applying a patient safety taxonomy to patient and clinician-reported incident reports during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study
Purchase, T., Cooper, A., Price, D., Dorgeat, E., Williams, H., Bowie, P., Fournier, J., Hibbert, P. D., Edwards, A., Phillips, R., et al. (2023) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-023-02057-6 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Los errores en las pruebas de cabecera pueden resultar en falsos niveles de potasio
Soto, A. B., & Oliver, P. (2022) · Advances in Laboratory Medicine / Avances en Medicina de Laboratorio · doi:10.1515/almed-2022-0015 · Cited by 3
The Healthcare Quality and Hospital Information Management System: a Sample From Turkey
Mumcu, G., Köksal, L., Kopmaz, B., Gök, M. M., Bulu, B., Şişman, N., Aksu, P. K., & Tarım, M. (2014) · Acibadem Universitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi · Cited by 3
Survey on Chemical Pathology Teaching in Medical Curricula: Insight into Patient Safety
Mak, C. M. (2018) · Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research · doi:10.26717/bjstr.2018.02.000753 · Cited by 3
Development of the German version of the patient safety climate inventory to the Austrian context
Draganović, Š., & Offermanns, G. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049270 · Cited by 3
Patient Safety and Legal Regulations: A Total-Scale Analysis of the Scientific Literature
Yeung, A. W. K., Kletečka-Pulker, M., Klager, E., Eibensteiner, F., Doppler, K., EL-Kerdi, A., Willschke, H., Völkl-Kernstock, S., & Atanasov, A. G. (2022) · Journal of Patient Safety · doi:10.1097/pts.0000000000001040 · Cited by 3
Assessing the transferability of BERT to patient safety: classifying multiple types of incident reports
Wang, Y., & Magrabi, F. (2025) · BMJ Health & Care Informatics · doi:10.1136/bmjhci-2024-101146 · Cited by 2
The Relationship Between Dialysis Adequacy And Fatigue In Patients On Maintenance Hemodialysis
Suparti, S., Sodikin, S., & Endiyono, E. (2020) · Jurnal Keperawatan Padjadjaran · doi:10.24198/jkp.v8i1.1165 · Cited by 2
Evaluating the Follow-up of Post-discharge Positive Sterile Site Cultures and the Impact on Infection-Related Complications
LaPlante, R., Claeys, K. C., Bork, J. T., Banoub, M. G., & Noval, M. (2023) · Infectious Diseases and Therapy · doi:10.1007/s40121-023-00786-1 · Cited by 2
Contributory factors related to patient safety incidence: A nursing perspective
Adu, G., & Zuma, S. M. (2024) · Health SA Gesondheid · doi:10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2296 · Cited by 2
Medical Error Reporting among healthcare workers in a Kenyan tertiary level hospital: a knowledge, attitude, and practice study
Okutoyi, L., Godia, P. M., Adam, M. B., Sitati, F. C., & Jaoko, W. G. (2025) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-025-13886-0 · Cited by 2
Is the anesthesiologist actually prepared for loss of airway or respiratory function? A cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital
Vasconcelos, H., Bomfim, C. C., de Mello, M. J. G., Borges, P. S. G. N., Couceiro, T. C. D. M., & de Orange, F. A. (2014) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/1806-9282.60.01.010 · Cited by 2
Patient Safety Research in the UK and Beyond: 10 Years of Research and Policy to Make Health Care Safer
Huehns, T. Y., & Fletcher, M. (2010) · Journal of Health Services Research & Policy · doi:10.1258/jhsrp.2009.009044 · Cited by 2
Self-citation

Authors: The World Alliance For Patient Safety Drafting Group, Sherman, H., Castro, G., Fletcher, M., on behalf of The World Alliance for Patient Safety, Hatlie, M., Hibbert, P., Jakob, R., Koss, R., Lewalle, P., Loeb, J., Perneger, T., Runciman, W., Thomson, R., Van Der Schaaf, T., & Virtanen, M.
Affiliations: Joint Commission (US)
National Patient Safety Agency (GB)
World Health Organization (CH)
Royal Adelaide Hospital (AU)
University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
Newcastle University (GB)
Corresponding author: Sherman, H.
ORCID: Fletcher, M.
Hibbert, P.
Jakob, R.
Loeb, J.
Perneger, T.
Runciman, W.
Venue: International Journal for Quality in Health Care
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2009-02-01
Volume: 21
Issue: 1
Pages: 2-8
ISSN: 1353-4505 (ISSN-L)
1464-3677
DOI: 10.1093/intqhc/mzn054
PMC: PMC2638753
OpenAlex: W2138968928
Cited by: 281
References: 6
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 17.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: International Journal for Quality in Health Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
TU/e Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
UniSA Research Outputs Repository (University of South Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Document Server@UHasselt (UHasselt) (submittedVersion)
Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion)
Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)
Funders: World Health Organization
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Patient Safety and Medication Errors
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Medical Coding and Health Information
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Healthcare Quality and Management
Keywords: patient safety, conceptual framework, incident classification, patient outcomes, contributing factors, risk mitigation, World Alliance for Patient Safety, Delphi method, health informatics
MeSH terms: Concept Formation, International Cooperation, Safety Management, Medical Errors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Towards an International Classification for Patient Safety: the conceptual framework

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Figures

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks