Women’s Experiences Receiving Support Online for Intimate Partner Violence: How Does it Compare to Face-to-Face Support from a Health Professional?
Open accessAbstract
There is a growing need for novel approaches in supporting victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), particularly as the demand placed on formal services increases. Online interventions in this space have shown a great deal of theoretical promise. However, currently little is known about how women perceive this form of support, and how their experiences of receiving support online might differ from face-to-face approaches. This study aims to address this gap through qualitative interviews with n = 16 women who had experienced IPV. Eight of the women had received support via an interactive online intervention, and eight had received a counselling intervention delivered by their general practitioner (GP) (family doctor). The findings suggest that many elements of face-to-face support can also be delivered effectively online, leading to greater control over the help-seeking process. On the other hand, a trusting relationship with the GP can also be extremely helpful to women seeking to disclose, and is difficult to replicate online. Which method of delivery is preferred may depend on whether a woman values trust or control in her help-seeking journey. Both online and face-to-face interventions for IPV should focus on providing individualized support that raises awareness, lessens isolation and considers women’s own unique needs and circumstances.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Baseline survey measures (both arms) could have biased the findings, as the questions themselves potentially functioned as an intervention.
“As previously noted and consistent with previous research, it is also possible that the baseline survey measures (both arms) could have biased the findings, as the questions themselves potentially functioned as an intervention [79], increasing, for example, women’s self-awareness of their IPV experiences, safety actions and mental health.”
From Longitudinal impacts of an online safety and health intervention for women experiencing intimate partner violence: randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [79]
The Results and Discussion report that I-DECIDE participants found completing questionnaires raised their awareness of IPV, supporting the possibility that questions themselves had an intervention-like effect. The paper does not establish that these were baseline measures in both trial arms or that they biased the trial findings; its qualitative account draws on I-DECIDE intervention-arm participants. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Eysenbach, G., Powell, J., Englesakis, M., Rizo, C., & Stern, A. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7449.1166 · Cited by 1,268 · see citing works
Fostering empowerment in online support groups
Barak, A., Boniel-Nissim, M., & Suler, J. (2008) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.02.004 · Cited by 778 · see citing works
The health-systems response to violence against women
Garcia‐Moreno, C., Hegarty, K. L., d’Oliveira, A. F. P. L., Koziol‐McLain, J., Colombini, M., & Feder, G. S. (2014) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61837-7 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Self-citationSocial Support Protects against the Negative Effects of Partner Violence on Mental Health
Coker, A. L., Smith, P. H., Thompson, M. P., McKeown, R. E., Bethea, L., & Davis, K. E. (2002) · Journal of Women's Health & Gender-Based Medicine · doi:10.1089/15246090260137644 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Campbell, J. C., Webster, D. W., & Glass, N. (2009) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260508317180 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Feder, G. S. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.1.22 · Cited by 641 · see citing works
Afifi, T. O., Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., Asmundson, G. J. G., Stein, M. B., & Sareen, J. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.120253 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Brave, S., Nass, C., & Hutchinson, K. (2005) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.11.002 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
The Abuse of Technology in Domestic Violence and Stalking
Woodlock, D. (2016) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801216646277 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Healthcare Utilization and Costs for Women with a History of Intimate Partner Violence
Rivara, F. P., Anderson, M. L., Fishman, P. A., Bonomi, A. E., Reid, R. J., Carrell, D., & Thompson, R. S. (2007) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2006.10.001 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Barrera, M., Glasgow, R. E., McKay, H. G., Boles, S. M., & Feil, E. G. (2002) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1016369114780 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Beeble, M. L., Bybee, D. I., Sullivan, C. M., & Adams, A. E. (2009) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016140 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Open access publishing takes off
Delamothe, T., & Smith, R. (2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7430.1 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Coker, A. L., Watkins, K. W., Smith, P. H., & Brandt, H. M. (2003) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0091-7435(03)00122-1 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Hegarty, K. L., Bush, R. A. B., & Sheehan, M. C. (2005) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.2005.20.5.529 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Self-citationHegarty, K., Bush, R., & Sheehan, M. (2005) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/vivi.2005.20.5.529 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Self-citationDomestic violence and information communication technologies
Dimond, J. P., Fiesler, C., & Bruckman, A. (2011) · Interacting with computers · doi:10.1016/j.intcom.2011.04.006 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Rose, D. S., Trevillion, K., Woodall, A., Morgan, C., Feder, G. S., & Howard, L. M. (2010) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.109.072389 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Predicting Re-Victimization of Battered Women 3 Years After Exiting a Shelter Program
Bybee, D. I., & Sullivan, C. M. (2005) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-005-6234-5 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Hegarty, K., O'Doherty, L., Taft, A., Chondros, P., Brown, S., Valpied, J., Astbury, J., Taket, A., Gold, L., Feder, G., et al. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60052-5 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Self-citationEvans, M. A., & Feder, G. S. (2016) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.12330 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Asking about intimate partner violence: advice from female survivors to health care providers
Chang, J. C., Decker, M. R., Moracco, K. E., Martin, S. L., Petersen, R., & Frasier, P. Y. (2004) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2004.10.008 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Chang, J. C., Dado, D., Hawker, L., Cluss, P. A., Buranosky, R. A., Slagel, L., McNeil, M., & Scholle, S. H. (2010) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2009.1568 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Zink, T. (2004) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.74 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Chung, J. E. (2013) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.01.019 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Constantino, R., Kim, Y., & Crane, P. A. (2005) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840590959416 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
The process of change for victims of intimate partner violence
Cluss, P. A., Chang, J. C., Hawker, L., Hudson Scholle, S., Dado, D., Buranosky, R., & Goldstrohm, S. (2006) · Women's Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2006.06.006 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Trotter, J. L., & Allen, N. E. (2009) · American Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10464-009-9232-1 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Women's Experiences of Violence and Seeking Help
Postmus, J. L., Severson, M. E., Berry, M., & Yoo, J. A. (2009) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801209334445 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Computerized Aid Improves Safety Decision Process for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Glass, N. E., Eden, K., Bloom, T., & Perrin, N. (2009) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260509354508 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Hegarty, K. L., & Taft, A. (2001) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/j.1467-842x.2001.tb00288.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationUse of Online Safety Decision Aid by Abused Women
Eden, K. B., Perrin, N. A., Hanson, G. C., Messing, J. T., Bloom, T. L., Campbell, J. C., Gielen, A. C., Clough, A. S., Barnes-Hoyt, J. S., & Glass, N. E. (2015) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.09.027 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Koziol-McLain, J., Vandal, A. C., Wilson, D., Nada-Raja, S., Dobbs, T., McLean, C., Sisk, R., Eden, K. B., & Glass, N. E. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.8617 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Victims’ Barriers to Discussing Domestic Violence in Clinical Consultations
Othman, S. B., Goddard, C., & Piterman, L. (2013) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260513507136 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Lindsay, M., Messing, J., Thaller, J., Baldwin, A., Clough, A., Bloom, T. L., Eden, K., & Glass, N. (2013) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2013.861784 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Tarzia, L., Murray, E., Humphreys, C., Glass, N. E., Taft, A., Valpied, J., & Hegarty, K. L. (2015) · Women s Health Issues · doi:10.1016/j.whi.2015.07.011 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationHegarty, K. L., O’Doherty, L., Gunn, J. M., Pierce, D., & Taft, A. (2008) · Journal of Family Studies · doi:10.5172/jfs.327.14.2-3.376 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationKoziol-McLain, J., Vandal, A. C., Nada-Raja, S., Wilson, D., Glass, N. E., Eden, K. B., McLean, C., Dobbs, T., & Case, J. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1395-0 · Cited by 48 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Targeted interventions delivered via the internet have shown promise as an alternative method of support for women experiencing IPV (Eden et al., 2015; Glass, Eden, Bloom, & Perrin, 2010; Koziol-McLain et al., 2018; Koziol-McLain et al., 2015; Lindsay et al., 2013; Tarzia, Iyer, Thrower, & Hegarty, 2017; Tarzia et al.…”
MethodGunn, J. M., Hegarty, K. L., Nagle, C., et al. (2006) · Birth · doi:10.1111/j.0730-7659.2006.00073.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citation“Sometimes cathartic. Sometimes quite raw”: Benefit and harm in an intimate partner violence trial
Valpied, J., Cini, A., O’Doherty, L., Taket, A. R., & Hegarty, K. L. (2014) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2014.09.005 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationHegarty, K. L., Tarzia, L., Murray, E., Valpied, J., Humphreys, C., Taft, A., Gold, L. H., & Glass, N. E. (2015) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-015-2072-z · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationWhat do Australian Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Abuse Want From Family and Friends?
Taket, A. R., O’Doherty, L., Valpied, J., & Hegarty, K. L. (2014) · Qualitative Health Research · doi:10.1177/1049732314540054 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationKrishnan, S., Subbiah, K., Chandra, P. S., & Srinivasan, K. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-943 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
O’Doherty, L., Taket, A. R., Valpied, J., & Hegarty, K. L. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.05.017 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationWester, W., Wong, S. L. F., & Lagro-Janssen, A. L. M. (2007) · Women & Health · doi:10.1300/j013v45n01_07 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Tarzia, L., May, C. R., & Hegarty, K. L. (2016) · BMC Women s Health · doi:10.1186/s12905-016-0352-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of narrator empathy in a computer delivered brief intervention for alcohol use
Ellis, J. D., Grekin, E. R., Beatty, J. R., McGoron, L., LaLiberte, B. V., Pop, D. E., Kostecki, A. P., & Ondersma, S. J. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.07.014 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Rurality and Self-Reported Health in Women with a History of Intimate Partner Violence
Dillon, G., Hussain, R., Loxton, D. J., & Khan, A. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0162380 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Lock, J. (2008). The development of the Consequences of Screening Tool and the psychometric assessment of three woman abuse measures [thesis]. Hamilton, ON: McMaster University.
- Matthews, T., O'Leary, K. D., Turner, A., Sleeper, M., Woelfer, J., Shelton, M., . . . Consolvo, S. (2017). Stories from Survivors: Privacy & Security Practices when Coping with Intimate Partner Abuse. Paper presented at the CHI 2017, Colorado USA.
- Sullivan, C. M. (2012). Support Groups for Women with Abusive Partners: A Review of the Empirical Evidence. Retrieved from Harrisburg PA: http://www.dvevidenceproject.org
- Tarzia, L., Iyer, D., Thrower, E., & Hegarty, K. (2017). 'Technology doesn't judge you': Young Australian women's views on using the internet and smarphones to address intimate partner violence. Journal of Technology in Human Services, Online first 3/8/17.
- Tarzia, L., Valpied, J., Koziol-McLain, J., Glass, N., & Hegarty, K. (2017). Methodological and ethical challenges in a web-based randomized controlled trial of a domestic violence intervention. Journal of Medical Internet Research, In Press.
- Tarzia, L., Cornelio, R., Forsdike, K. & Hegarty, K. (2018). Women's Experiences Receiving Support Online for Intimate Partner Violence: How Does it Compare to Face-to-Face Support from a Health Professional?. Interacting with Computers, 30 (5), pp.433-443. https://doi.org/10.1093/iwc/iwy019. Persistent Link: http://hdl.handle.net/11343/216479 File Description: Accepted
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hegarty, K., Tarzia, L., Valpied, J., Murray, E., Humphreys, C., Taft, A., Novy, K., Gold, L., & Glass, N. (2019) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(19)30079-9 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Self-citationFord-Gilboe, M., Varcoe, C., Scott-Storey, K., Perrin, N., Wuest, J., Wathen, C. N., Case, J., & Glass, N. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-8152-8 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
- Authors
- Tarzia, L., Cornelio, R., Forsdike, K., & Hegarty, K.
- Affiliations
- Royal Women's Hospital (AU)
- Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, 200 Berkeley Street, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Tarzia, L
- Venue
- Interacting with Computers
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2018-09-01
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 433-443
- ISSN
- 0953-5438 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-7951
- OpenAlex
- W2891383976
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 3.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Interacting with Computers (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Australian Research Council (130102799)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Stalking, Cyberstalking, and Harassment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, online intervention, face-to-face counseling, help-seeking, women's experiences, general practitioners, trust, control, disclosure, victim support, individualized support
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review