Embodied Interaction and Spatial Skills: A Systematic Review of Empirical Studies
Open accessAbstract
Embodied interaction describes the interplay between the brain and the body and its influence on the sharing, creation and manipulation of meaningful interactions with technology. Spatial skills entail the acquisition, organization, utilization and revision of knowledge about spatial environments. Embodied interaction is a rapidly growing topic in human–computer interaction with the potential to amplify human interaction and communication capacities, while spatial skills are regarded as key enablers for the successful management of cognitive tasks. This work provides a systematic review of empirical studies focused on embodied interaction and spatial skills. Thirty-six peer-reviewed articles were systematically collected and analysed according to their main elements. The results summarize and distil the developments concerning embodied interaction and spatial skills over the past decade. We identify embodied interaction capacities found in the literature review that help us to enhance and develop spatial skills. Lastly, we discuss implications for research and practice and highlight directions for future work.
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Reasoning is deeply grounded in reality, requiring the ability to perceive, interpret, predict, and act within the physical world, with accurate understanding of spatial relationships, object dynamics, and physical laws.
“Reasoning is not merely an abstract process; it is deeply grounded in reality (Shapiro & Spaulding, 2024), requiring the ability to perceive, interpret, predict, and act within the physical world, with accurate understanding of spatial relationships, object dynamics, and physical laws (Lee-Cultura & Giannakos, 2020).”
From Large Language Model Reasoning Failures (2026) · cites this paper as Lee-Cultura & Giannakos, 2020
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- Authors
- Lee-Cultura, S., & Giannakos, M.
- Affiliations
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NO)
- ORCID
- Giannakos, Michail
- Venue
- Interacting with Computers
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2020-07
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 331-366
- ISSN
- 0953-5438 (ISSN-L)
- 1873-7951
- OpenAlex
- W3099774306
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 0.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Interacting with Computers (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (12071216, 11571181)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Interactive and Immersive Displays
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Keywords
- embodied interaction, spatial ability, human-computer interaction, brain-body interaction, spatial cognition
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